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Waste-Water Treatment (CHP 3811) Practical Assignment 3: K CR O

The document discusses the chemical oxygen demand (COD) test method. [1] COD determines the amount of oxygen required to chemically oxidize organic matter in water. [2] The test involves refluxing a water sample with dichromate in an acid medium, and titrating the excess dichromate to determine the amount consumed. [3] This provides the COD value, which indicates the degree of pollution and ability of water to self-purify.

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43 views3 pages

Waste-Water Treatment (CHP 3811) Practical Assignment 3: K CR O

The document discusses the chemical oxygen demand (COD) test method. [1] COD determines the amount of oxygen required to chemically oxidize organic matter in water. [2] The test involves refluxing a water sample with dichromate in an acid medium, and titrating the excess dichromate to determine the amount consumed. [3] This provides the COD value, which indicates the degree of pollution and ability of water to self-purify.

Uploaded by

Salix Matt
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Waste-water Treatment (CHP 3811) Practical assignment 3

Experiment 4: Chemical Oxygen Demand determination Due date 14th May 2020

Chemical oxygen demand method

The chemical oxygen demand (COD) determines the amount of oxygen required for

chemical oxidation of organic matter in water. COD test is done using a strong
chemical oxidant, such as, K2Cr2O7 under reflux conditions. This test is widely used to
determine the degree of pollution in water bodies and their self-purification
capacity, efficiency of treatment plants, pollution loads, and can also be used to
estimate biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) value.

The shortcomings of this test include the inability to differentiate between the
biologically oxidizable and biologically inert material and to find out the system rate
constant of aerobic biological stabilization.

A sample is refluxed with a known amount of K2Cr2O7 in H2SO4 medium and the
excess of dichromate is titrated against (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2. The amount of dichromate
consumed is proportional to the oxygen required to oxidize the oxidizable organic
matter.

There are two methods available for COD determination namely open reflux and
closed reflux. COD amount is then obtained through titration calculation or
measured using spectrophotometer/COD analyser.

Aim

To determine chemical oxygen demand.


Figure 1: Summary of COD test.

Additional material: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ImtXAHZpkFo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-oz7MPvzId4

Questions

Given the following data,

 (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2 blank titration=39.7mL

 (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2 sample titration= 37.4mL

 (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2 standardised concentration= 0.051M

 Sample=10mL

1. Determine the COD value in mg/L

2. Discuss errors that could have caused defect in the results of this experiment.

3. Explain the principal difference between COD and BOD analyses.

4. What is the relationship between COD and BOD?

5. What is the significance of COD determination in waste water

6. In what case would you need to use mercuric sulphate in the COD analyses?
7. Briefly discuss the difference between open flux and closed flux methods used in
determination of COD.

8. What are the limitations of COD test?

9. In each case below, state whether you would expect the COD value to be higher
or lower than results from BOD test:

a) Sample containing toxic materials

b) Sample high in aromatics and nitrogenous compounds

c) Sample high in nitrites and ferrous iron.

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