UNIT # 02

PART-1 : DETERMINANT, MATRIX, TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATION, SOLUTION OF TRIANGLE

DETERMINANT
EXERCISE - 01 CHECK YOUR GRASP
1. Hint : C1  C1 + C2 + C3 (1  x)2 (1  x)2 (x  1) 2
2. Hint : Put x = 0 on both sides.  2x  1 3x (1  2x)  0
7. Applying R3  R3 – 3R1 – 2R2 we get  = 0 x 1 2x (1  x)
 infinite solution.
8. a = a0.r 1p–1  log a = (p – 1) log r1 + log a0  0 = 0  infinite solution
b = a0.r1q–1  log b = (q – 1) log r1 + log a0 16. Hint : R3  R1 + R3
c = a0r 1r–1  log c = (r – 1) log r1 + log a0
ab 2 c 2 abc a(b  c)
log a 0   p  1  log r1 p 1 1
17. D = bc 2 a 2 bca b(c  a)
abc
log a 0   q  1  log r1 q 1 ca 2 b 2 cab c(a  b)
log a 0   r  1  log r1 r 1 (R1  aR1, R2  bR2, R3  cR3)
log a 0 p 1 p 1 p 1 bc 1 ab  ac
= log a 0 q 1  log r1 q  1 q 1 = 0 = abc ca 1 bc  ab
log a 0 r 1 r 1 r 1 ab 1 ca  cb

10. Hint : Put x = 0 bc 1 1

11. Do R1  logxR1, R2  logyR2, R3  logzR3 = abc(ab  bc  ca) ca 1 1 (C3  C3 + C1)
ab 1 1
log x log y log z
1 = 0
we get log x log y log z = 0
log x log y log z 21. Hint :  = 0
log x log y log z
26. x + y = 3 .......(i)
12. Hint : C1  C1 – C2
(1 + K)x + (K+2)y = 8 .......(ii)
(1  x)2 (1  x)2 (2  x 2 ) (1  x)2 (1  x)2 1  2x
x – (1+K)y = –K – 2 .......(iii)
14. 2x  1 3x 1  5 x  2x  1 3x 3x  2
If system is consistent then  = 0
x 1 2x 2  3x x 1 2x 2x  3
on solving we get
Since two columns are same in above determinants
5
therefore we can add them along C3. K = 1,
3

EXERCISE - 02 BRAIN TEASERS

2. On performing R3  R3 – R1 – 2R2 2 cos 2 A 2sin4 
we get f'(x) = 0  f(x) = c  2 1  cos 2 A 2sin4  = 0
2
 a straight line parallel to x-axis 1 cos A 1  2sin4 
7. On applying C 1  C 1 + C 2 + C 3 R1  R 1 – R 2
2 2
1 xb x c xx 0 1 0
we get 1 1  b 2 x c 2 x  x x = ƒ(x) 2 1  cos 2 A 2sin4 
 = 0
1 x  b2 x c2 x  1 1 cos 2 A 1  2sin4 
Now solve it.  2(1+2sin4) – 2sin4 = 0
1  sin A 2
cos A 2
2sin4   1 + sin4 = 0
9. 2 = 0 sin4 = –1
sin A 1  cos 2 A 2sin4 
2 2
 3
sin A cos A 1  2sin4  4 = – or 4 =
2 2
C1  C1 + C2  3
 = – or  = & A  R
8 8
EXERCISE - 03 MISCELLANEOUS TYPE QUESTIONS
Tr ue & False :
Comprehension # 1 :
a b c
Hint :
1. b c a
 = (x – y)(y – z)(z – x)[xyz(xy + yz + zx) – (x + y + z)]
c a b
Comprehension # 2 :
1 2 2 2
= – (a + b + c){(a – b) + (b – c) (c – a) }
2  1 1
2
1 c  b 1  1 = ( – 1) ( + 2)
3. c 1 a = 0 1 1 
b a 1 1.  0  unique solution
2
 (1 – a ) + c(–c –ab) –b(ac+b) = 0
m 2 1
2 2 2
 1 –a – c – abc – b – abc = 0 2.  = –2      = 0,   1 = n 1 2
2 2 2
 a + b + c +2abc – 1 = 0 p 1 1
Assertion & Reason :  1 = 3 (m + n + p)  0   1  0
1. Statement-I : B 1 = c 2a 3 – a 2c 3 Hence no solution
B2 = a 1c 3 – c 1a 3 , B 3 = a 2 c 1 –a 1 c 2 3. x + y + z = m
a1B 1 = a 1 a 3c 2 – a 1 a 2 c 3
x + y + z = p
a2B 2 = a 1 a 2c 3 – a 2 a 3 c 1
a3B 3 = a 1 a 2c 3 – a 1 a 3 c 2  m  p  no solution
Statement-II is obviously true.

EXERCISE - 04 [A] CONCEPTUAL SUBJECTIVE EXERCISE

bc ca a b 3 2
x = (a  b 2  c 2 )
5. D'  a  b b  c c  a 2
ca a b bc 11. A28 = 100A + 20 + 8 = k 1
On breaking into 8 determinant to we get 3B9 = 300 + 10B + 9 = k 2
= D + D = 2D
62C = 600 + 20 + C = k 3
2 2
1a b 2ab 2b
A 3 6
6. 2ab 1  a2  b2 2a 8 9 C
2b 2a 1  a 2  b2 2 B 2
C 1  C 1 – bC 3 , C 2  C 2 + aC 3 R 2  100R 1 + 10R 3 + R 2
1  a 2  b2 0 2b A 3 6 A 3 6
= 0 1  a2  b2 2a = A28 3B9 62C = k 1 2 3
b(1  a 2  b 2 ) a(1  b 2  a 2 ) 1  a 2  b 2 2 B 2 2 B 2

1 0 2b n n n
= (1 + a 2 + b 2 ) 2 0 1 2a n  2 r 1  2  3 r 1   4(5 r 1 )
r 1 r 1 r 1
b a 1  a 2  b 2 13. D r =
x y z
r 1
 (1 + a 2 + b 2 ) 3 n
2 1 n
3 1 n
5 1
9. Hint : On applying R 1  R 1 + R 2 + R 3
1  2  ...2 n 1 2 1  3...3 n 1  4 1  5  ...5 n 1 
and then solving the determinant we get
= x y z
x = 0 or x 2 = a 2  b 2  c 2  ab  bc  ca
2n  1 3n  1 5n  1
 2n  1 2(3 n  1) 4(5 n  1) 1 1 1
2 1 3 1 5 1 17. (a) D = 2 1 1 = 3
= = 0
x y z 1 1 2
n n
2 1 3 1 5n 1
6 1 1
z z (x  y )  D1 = 1 1 1 = 3
1 (y  z) x x
14. D = 4 4 3 1 2
x z
 yz(y  z) xz(x  2 y  z)  xy (x  y )
1 6 1
xy zy (x  y )z D 2 = 2 1 1 = 6
1  x(y  z) xy xz 1 3 2
= 4 4
x z (y  z) x  2y  z (x  y )
Similarly D 3 = 9
C1  C1 + C2 + C3
so consistent having x = 1, y = 2, z = 3
0 zy (x  y )z
1 0 xy xz 7 7 5
 = 0
x4z4 (d) D = 3 1 5 = 0
0 x  2y  z (x  y )
15. Let a =  +  –  –     b =  +  –  –  , 2 3 5
c =  +  –  –
3 7 1
a4 a2 1 7 1 1
4
D1= = 24
we get b b2 1 5 3 1
c4 c2 1
Inconsistent system
R 1 R 1 – R 2, R 2  R 2 – R 3
1 1 1
4 4 2 2 18. D = 1 2 3 =  – 3
a b a b 0
= b4  c4 b2  c2 0 1 2 
c4 c2 1 6 1 1
D 1 = 10 2 3 = µ – 10
a 2  b2 1 0
 2 
b2  c2 1 0
= (a 2 – b 2) (b 2 –c 2) (a) For unique solution   3
c4 c2 1 (b) D = 0, D 1 = 0    = 3, µ  10
= (a 2 – b 2) (b 2 – c 2) (a 2 – c 2 ) (c) D = 0, D 1  0    = 3, µ  10
= (a – b) (a + b) (b – c) (b + c) (a + c) (a –c) 1 1 ( 1  2 ) 2
( 1  2 )2
= –26 ( – ) ( – ) ( – ) ( – )( – ) ( – ) 20.   
 2 2 ( 1  2 )2  4 1 2 (1  2 )2  412
16. Given determinant split into two given determinant
b2 / a 2 q 2 / p2
a1 b1 0 1 2 3  
b 2 / a 2  4c / a q 2 / p 2  4r / p
= a2 b2 0 m1 m2 m3 = 0
a3 b3 0 0 0 0 b 2 b 2  4ac b 2 4ac
 2
 2  2 
q q  4rp q 4rp

EXERCISE - 04 [B] BRAIN STORMING SUBJECTIVE EXERCISE

1 2 3 = d 2 + a 2 + 2ad = (a – d) 2
9 2
1.
  4 5 6  36 So equation is  x  (a  d)2 x  2  0
10
6 9 0
 –9x 2 + 10(a – d) 2 x + 20 = 0
Aslo  u = –12, v = 24,  w = 60
1
1 2 5 Put x  we get 20x 2 + 10(a – d) 2 x – 9 = 0
So u =  , v = , w = x
3 3 3 Hence root of given equation are reciprocal to each
Also [(b – c) 2 + (c – a) 2 + (d – b) 2 ] other.
4. R1  R 1 – R 2
1 1 1 1  2
sin xsin y sin y sin z sin xsin z    1  2
=
= 2 cos(x  y ) cos(y  x) cos(z  x) 2 2 2 1  2
sin(x  y ) sin(y  z) sin(x  z)
= ( – ) 2 ( – )2 ( – ) 2
R2  R1 + R2 x1 y1 z1
x2 y2 z2
sin xsin y sin y sin z sin xsin z 6.  =
x3 y3 z3
= 2 cosxcosy cosycosx cosxcosz
sin(x  y ) sin(y  z) sin(x  z) x1 y1 z1 ax 1 by 1 cz 1
1
taking sinxsiny common from C 1, siny sinz from 2 = x2 y2 z 2  ax 2 by 2 cz 3
abc
x3 y3 z3 ax 3 by 3 cz 3
C 2 , sinx sinz from C 3 .
= 2sin 2 xsin 2ysin 2 z d f f
1
= f d f
1 1 1 abc
f f d
cot x cot y cot y cotz cotz cot x
cot x  cot y cot y  cotz cotz  cot x C 1  C 1 + C 2 + C3

d  2f f f 1 f f
 sin(x  y )  1  d  2f 
 sin x sin y  cot x  cot y  = d  2f d f = 1 d f
  abc abc
d  2f f d 1 f d
C 2 C 2– C 1, C 3  C 3 – C 1 and expanding
on solving it we get
= 2 sin (x – y) sin (y – z) sin (x – z)
2 =
 d  2f  (d–f) 2
3   2
    2 2 abc
1
5.     2   2
2
 3  3   3
 d  2f  2
2  2   2  3  3   3  4  4   4  = (d – f)  
 abc 

EXERCISE - 05 [A] JEE-[MAIN] : PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

a a2 1 a a2 a3 log a n log a n  2 log a n  4

3. b b2 1 + b b2 b3 = 0 so log a n  6 log a n  8 log a n  10
c c2 1 c c2 c3 log a n  12 log a n  14 log a n  16

1 a a2 1 a a2 A A  2D A  4D
A  6D A  8D A  10D
1 b b2 + abc 1 b b2 = 0
A  12D A  14D A  16D
1 c c2 1 c c2
C 2  2C 2 – (C 1 + C 3 )
1 a a2 A 0 A  4D
2
1 b b (1 + abc) = 0 A  6D 0 A  10D
= 0
2 A  12D 0 A  16D
1 c c
(a – b) (b – c) (c – a) (1 + abc) = 0 5. a 2 + b2 + c2 = – 2
but a  b  c so abc = – 1 applying C1  C 1 + C2 + C3
4. If a 1, a 2, ..... a n, ..... are in G.P. 1 (1  b 2 )x (1  c 2 )x
then log a 1, log a 2 , ..... log a n, ..... are in A.P.
= 1 1  b2 x (1  c 2 )x
A, A + D, ................
Let common difference of A.P. is D 1 (1  b 2 )x 1  c2 x
R2  R2 – R1
R3  R3 – R1
 12.  = 0 (For Non zero solution)
1 (1  b 2 )x (1  c 2 )x
 0 1x 0 4 K 2
0 0 1x K 4 1 = 0
2 2 1
= (1 – x) 2 so degree is  2
6. For no solution 8 – K (K – 2) + 2(2K – 8) = 0
 – 0 and x or y or z at least one is not zero. 8 – K 2 + 2K + 4K – 16 = 0
–K 2 + 6K – 8 = 0
 1 1 K 2 – 6K + 8 = 0
1  1 (K – 4) (K – 2) = 0
 = = 0
1 1  K = 2, 4 Two solution
at  = 1 their are 3 row are identical so factor of 13. For Trivial sol n   0
determinant ( – 1) 2 1 K 1
and other factor will be find out by R1R1+R 3+R 3 K 3 K
( + 2) ( – 1) 2 = 0  0
3 1 1
 = – 2, 1
but at  = 1 (–3 + K) + K(–K + 3K) + (K – 9)  0
all equation are same so at  = 1 system of 2K 2 + 2K – 12  0
equation infinite solution and K2 + K – 6  0
at  = – 2 (K + 3) (K – 2)  0
K  –3
3 1 1
K  2
x = 3 2 1
So Ans. R – {2, –3}
3 1 2
– 3(4 – 1) – 1(6 + 3) + 1 (– 3 + 6)
– 9 – 9 + 3 = – 15  0
so at  = – 2 system have no solution.
9. x – cy – bz = 0
cx – y + az = 0 x  0 ; y  0, z  0
bx + ay – z = 0
these system is homogeneous
so x = y = z = 0
and at  = 0  system have non zero solution.
1 –c b
 = c 1 a =0
b a 1
2
1 – a + c (– c – ab) – b (ac + b) = 0
1 – a 2 – b 2 – c 2 – abc – abc = 0
a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2abc = 1
EXERCISE - 05 [B] JEE-[ADVANCED] : PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

6 . ( a ) Method : 1 7. (y + z) cos 3 = (xyz) sin 3 ...(i)

P  (–sin( – ), –cos)  (x1, y1), Q  (cos( – ),
2 cos 3  2 sin 3 
sin)  (x 2, y 2 ) x sin 3    ...(ii)
and R  (x 2 cos + x 1 sin, y 2 cos + y 1 sin) y z
We see that (xyz)sin3 = (y + 2z)cos3 + ysin3 ...(iii)
 x 2 cos   x 1 sin  y 2 cos   y 1 sin   where yz  0 and 0 <  < 
T   , and
cos   sin  cos   sin   from (i) & (iii)
P, Q, T are collinear  P, Q, R are non–collinear (y + z) cos 3 = (y + 2z) cos 3 + y sin 3
Method : 2  z cos 3 + y sin 3 = 0 ...(iv)
n
from eq (ii)
 sin(   )  cos  1 2z cos 3 + 2y sin 3 = xyz sin 3 ...(v)
cos(   ) sin  1 from equation (iv) & (v)
cos(    ) sin(  ) 1  xyz sin 3 = 0
 x sin 3 = 0 as yz  0
Applying R 3  R 3 + R 1 sin – R 2 cos Possible cases are either x = 0 or sin 3 = 0
 sin(   )  cos  1 Case (1) : if x = 0
 y + z = 0   y = –z
cos(   ) sin  1 n
from eq (iv) cos 3 = sin 3
0 0 1  sin   cos 
 5 9
= (1 + sin – cos) [–sin sin( – )  3  , ,
4 4 4
+ cos cos( – )]
= (1 + sin – cos) cos(2 – )  0  5 9
  , ,
Hence P, Q, R are non collinear. 12 12 12
(b ) x – 2y + 3z = –1, –x + y – 2z = k Case (2) : if sin 3 = 0
& x – 3y + 4z = 1
 2
  ,
1 3 1 3 3
1 2 3
 = 1 1 2  0 & 1 2 k  3  k But these values does not satisfy given equations.
1 3 4 1 4 1 Hence, total number of possible values of  are
3.
Hence if k = 3 then system will have infinite
solutions and k  3 then system will have no
solution. so S(I) & S(II) both are true & (II) is correct
explaination for (I).