​ ​Mathematics Questions

Single correct answer type:

1. From 6 different novels and 3 different dictionaries, 4 novels and 1 dictionary are to be selected
and arranged in a row on a shelf so that the dictionary is always in the middle. The number of such
arrangements is:
(A) At least 1000
(B) Less than 500
(C) At least 500 but less than 750
(D) At least 750 but less than 1000

Solution: (A)
𝑁​1​, 𝑁​2​, 𝐷, 𝑁​3​, 𝑁​4
N → Novels
D→ Dictionary
D can be chosen in 3 ways
𝑁​1 →
​ 6

𝑁​2 →
​ 5

𝑁​3 →
​ 4

𝑁​4 ​→ 3
Total ways = 3 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 = 1080

2. Let S be the set of all complex numbers z satisfying |z − 2 + i| ≥ √5. If the complex number z 0 is
4−z 0 −z 0
such that 1
|z0 −1|
is the maximum of the set { 1
|z−1|
: z ∈S } , then the principal argument of​ z 0 −z 0+2i
is
π
(A​) 2
π
(B) 4
3π
(C) 4
π
(D) − 2

Solution: (A)
The region represented by |z − 2 + i|   ≥ √5

Will be a region outside and on circle with centre (2,− 1) and radius √5.
|z − 2 + i|   ≥ √5

Let z = x + iy
|x + iy − 2 + i|   ≥ √5

|(x − 2) + i (y + 1)| ≥ √5

√(x − 2)
2 2
+ (y + 1) ≥ √5
2 2
(x + 2) + (y + 1) ≥ 5

Now, fo​r 1
|z 0 −1|
to be maximum, ||z 0 − 1|| must be maximum.

We need to find the B (z 0 ) which is in given region and nearest to point A (1, 0) , hence nearest
point from A (1, 0) will be on the line joining A and C .

Method I:
Let z 0 = x + iy then x < 2 and y > 0 (from diagram)

Consider
4−z −z
w = z −z0 +2i0 =
0 0
4−(x+iy)−(x−iy)
(x+iy)−(x−iy)+2i = 4−2x
i(y+2) = 1
i ( )
4−x
y+2

w =− i ( ) 4−x
y+2

w = i (K) , where K = 4−x

y+2

as x < 2 and y > 0 ⇒ K > 0

w =− iK, will lie on negative imaginary axis

Arg (w) = π2

Method II:
As B (z 0 ) lies on line AC,
0−(−1)
Equation of AC: (y + 1) = 1−2 (x − 2)
 1
y+1= −1 (x − 2)

x + y = 2 …(i)

Let z 0 = x + iy

Consider
4−z −z
w = z −z0 +2i0
0 0

4−x
w= i(y+2)

From equal (i)

4−x
w = i(2−x+2)
1
w= i

w =− i
π
Arg (w) =− 2

3. The area of the region {(x, y ) : xy ≤ 8, 1 ≤ y ≤x2 } is

14
(A) 162 − 3
7
(B) 82 − 3
14
(C) 82 − 3

(D) 162 − 6

Solution: (A)

To draw the inequality, let us draw the equation

xy = 8 and y = 1 and y = x2

For point of intersection

(i) xy = 8 and y = 1 ⇒ A(8, 1)

(ii) xy = 8 and y = x2 ⇒ x3 = 8 ⇒ x = 2 ⇒ B (2, 4)

(iii) y = x2 and y = 1 ⇒ C (1, 1) and D ( 1, 1)

Now xy ≤ 8 ⇒ region which contains origin

y ≥ 1 ⇒ region above line y = 1

y ≤ x2 ⇒ region outside the parabola

Now required area

Method I:
Using x-axis:
2 8
A = ∫ (x2 − 1) dx + ∫ ( Bx − 1) dx
1 2
2
A= [ x3
3
−x ] 1
+ [8lnx − x]2
8

14
A= − 3
+ 16ln2

Method II:
Using x-axis:
II
A= ∫ ( 8y − √y) dy
I
4
[
A = 8lny − 23 y 2
3
] ⇒A=
1
− 14
3
+ 16ln2

Note: The question should include bounded area term as in 2nd quadrant there exists an area which
satisfies the inequality and is unbounded.

Multiple correct answer type:

4. Define the collections {E 1 ,  E 2 ,  E 3 , ....} of ellipses and {R1 ,  R2 ,  R3 , ....} of rectangles as
follows:
2 y2
E 1 : x9 + 4 = 1;

R1 : rectangle of largest area, with sides parallel to the axes, inscribed in E 1 ;

x2 y2
E n : ellipse​ a2
n
+ b2n
=1 of largest area inscribed in Rn−1 ,  n > 1;

Rn : rectangle of largest area, with sides parallel to the axes, inscribed in E n ,  n > 1.

Then which of the following options is/are correct?

(A) The eccentricities of E 18 and E 19 are NOT equal
√5
(B) The distance of a focus from the centre in E 9 is 32
1
(C) The length of latus rectum of E 9 is 6
N
(D) ∑ (area of  Rn ) < 24, for each positive integer N
n=1
Solution: (B, C)
As given:
x2 y2
E1 = a2 + b2
= 1 (Here a = 3 and b = 2 )

Semi major axis = a and semi minor axis = b

Let a vertex of R1 be (acosθ, bsinθ)

Then area of R1 = 2acosθ×2bsinθ

R1 = 2absin2θ

Maximum area of R1 = ab, when sin2θ = 1

2θ − π2
π
θ= 4

Maximum area of R2 = 2ab ….(i)

a b
Now, ellipse E 2 will have semi major axis √2 and semi minor axis √2

∵ E 2 = x2
( )
a
√2
2 +
y2
( )
b
√2
2 = 1, ​hence maximum area of R2 = 2 ( )( )
a
√2
b
√2

a b
Similarly, ellipse E 3 will have semi major axis 2 and semi minor axis 2
(√2) (√2)
x2 y2
E3 : + 2 =1
( ) ( )
2
a b
(√2)2 (√2)

And maximum area of

Rn = 2 ( )( ) (√2)
a
n−1
(√2)
b
n−1

Option (A) :

All ellipse will have some eccentricity as the ratios of semi major axis and semi minor axis is same for
all ellipse.

√
b2n
√1 − b2 √5
e= 1− a2n
= a2 = 3
Let R1 is the one of rectangle R1

Option (B) :
m
∑ area of  rectangle Rn = R1 + R2 + ….. + Rm
n = 1

Area of m rectangle will be lesser than area of infinite

Rectangle ⇒ R1 + R2 + R2 + …. + Rm < R1 + R2 + R3 + …..∞

( )( ) + .....∞ < 2ab [1 + ( ]
m
a b 1
∑ area of  rectangle < 2ab + 2 √2 √2 2 + .....∞
n=1 √2)

m
∑ area of rectangle Rn < 2ab
n=1
[ ] (2. Sum of  inf inite c of   =
1
1− 12
a
1−r )
m
∑ area of rectangle Rn < 4ab
n=1
m
∑ area of rectangle Rn < 4×3×2
n=1
m
∑ area of rectangle Rn < 24
n=1

Option (C) :
2b2n 2b2
Length of latus rectum of E n = a2n
= n−1
a(√2)
2b2 2(2)2 1
L.R. of  E g = 2 = 3×24
= 6
a(√2)

Option (D) :

Distance between focus and centre of E g = ag e

= a 2 × √35
(√2)

3 √5
= 16 × 3
√5
= 16

5. In a non-right-angled triangle ΔP QR, let p, q, r denote the lengths of the sides opposite to the
angles at P , Q, R respectively. The median from R meets the side P Q at S , the perpendicular
from P meets the side QR at E , and RS and P E intersect at 0. If p = √3,  q = 1, and the radius
of the circumcircle of the ΔP QR equals 1, then which of the following options is/are correct?
√7
(A) Length of RS = 2
√3
(B) Area of ΔSOE = 12
√3
(C) Radius of incircle of ΔP RQ = 2 (2 − √3)
1
(D) Length of OE = 6

Solution: (A, C, D)
By sine rule in P QR
P q r
sinP = sinQ = sinR = 2R

√3 1 1
sinP
= sinQ
= sinR
= 2 (1)
√3 1
sinP = 2
and sinQ = sinR = 2

P = 60o or 120o , Q = 30o and 150o

⇒ As P QR is not a right angle triangle

Only possibility is P = 120o , Q = R = 30o

⇒ P QR is an isosceles triangle, hence, P E is also a median and ‘O’ will be centroid.

( P QE and P RE are congruent and E is mid point of QR )

⇒ r = q = 1, P = √3

Option (A) :

Length of median from R

2
RS = 1
2 √2p2 + 2q2 − r2 =
1
2 √2(√3) + 2(1) − 1) = √7
2

Option (B) :

Now, area of ΔSEF = 41 ΔP QR …(i)

and area of ΔSOE = 31 ΔSEF …(ii)

1
from (i) and (ii) ΔSOE = 12 ΔP QR …(iii)
ΔP QR = 2 P Q sinR = 2 × √3×1× 21 = √43
1 1

1 √3
ΔSOE = 12 ΔP QR = 48

Option (C) :

Length of DE

As D is centroid DE will be 31 of P E
P E = 21 √2q 2 + 2r2 − p2 = 21 √2 + 2 − 3
 1
= 2
1 1
DE = 3 PE = 6

Option (D) :

Radius of incircle = Δ
S ( area
semi−perimeter )
√3
= 4

( 1+1+√3
2 )
√3
=
2(2+√3)

√3
= 2
(2 − √3)

6. Let L1 and L2 denotes the lines

( ) (
r→ = î + λ − î + 2ˆj + 2kˆ ,  λ ∈ R and r→ = μ 2iˆ − ĵ + 2kˆ , μ ∈ R )
respectively. If L3 is a line which is perpendicular to both L1 and L2 and cuts both of them, then
which of the following options describe(s) L3 ?

(A) r→ = (2iˆ + k̂) + t (2iˆ + 2ˆj − k̂) , t ∈ R

1
3

(B) r = (4iˆ + ĵ + k̂) + t (2iˆ + 2ˆj − k̂) ,  t ∈ R

→ 2
9

(C) r = (2iˆ − ĵ + 2kˆ ) , t (2iˆ + 2ˆj − k̂) ,  t ∈ R

→ 2
9

(D) r = t (2iˆ + 2ˆj − k̂) ,  t ∈ R

→

Solution: (A, B, C)

(
L1 : i + − i + 2j + 2kˆ ,  λ ∈ R )
Let a general point of line L2 is B (2M , M , 2M )

Then center AB = (2μ − λ − 1) î + (− μ − 2λ) ˆj + (2μ − 2λ) k̂

→

→
Now, AB is perpendicular to L1 and L2
→
(
Hence, (a) AB · − i + 2j + 2kˆ = 0 ) → →
( ∴ of a→ and b are perpendicular then a→ · b = 0 )
→
(b) AB · (2i − j + 2k) = 0
→
(a) AB · (− i + 2j + 2k) = 0
(2μ + λ − 1) + (− μ − 2λ) (2) + (2μ − 2λ) 2 = 0

− 2μ − λ + 1 − 2μ − 4μ + 4μ − 4λ = 0

9λ = 1
 1
λ= 9
→
(b) AB · (2i − j + 2K) = 0
(2μ + λ − 1) (2) + (− μ − 2λ) (2μ − 2λ) (2) = 0

4μ + 2λ − 2 + μ + 2λ + 4μ − 4λ = 0

9μ = 2
2
μ= 9

Using value of λ  and  μ⇒A ( 98 , 92 , 92 )   and  B ( 94 ,− 92 , 94 )

→
AB =− 94 i − 94 j + 92 K
→
AB =− 92 (2i + 2j − k )
→
Now, using point A and AB

Equation of line = ( 9b i + 92 i + 92 k ) + t (− 92 (2i + 2j − k ))

Option (A) :
( ) ( )
B = 92 4iˆ + ĵ + k̂ + t 2iˆ + 2ˆj − k̂ ,  t ∈R
→
Using point B and AB

Option (B) :

Equation of line B = 92 (2i − j + 2k) + t (2i + 2j − k ) , t ∈ R

Using midpoint of A and B , ( 32 , 0, 31 )

Option (C) :
B = 21
3 (2i + k ) + t (2i + 2j − k ) ,  t ∈ R

7. There are three bags B 1 ,  B 2 and B 3 . The bag B 1 contains 5 red and 5 green balls, B 2 contains 3
red and 5 green balls, and B 3 contains 5 red and 3 green balls, Bags B 1 ,  B 2 and B 3 have
3 3 4
probabilities 10 , 10 and 10 respectively of being chosen. A bag is selected at random and a ball is
chosen at random from the bag. Then which of the following options is/are correct?
3
(A) Probability that the selected bag is B 3 and the chosen ball is green equals 10
39
(B) Probability that the chosen ball is green equals 80
3
(C) Probability that the chosen ball is green, given that the selected bag is B 3 , equals 8
5
(D) Probability that the selected bag is B 3 , given that the chosen balls is green, equals 13

Solution: (A, B)
Let us define following events
B 1 : Event of selection of bag 1 ( 5 Red, 5 Green)

B 2 : Event of selection of bag 2 ( 3 Red, 5 Green)

B 3 : Event of selection of bag 3 ( 5 Red, 3 Green)

R = Event of selection of Red ball

G = Event of selection of Green ball

Option (A) :

P ( )=
G
B3
3
8 (as bag 3 has been selected now total balls in bag 3 = 8, green ball = 3 )

Option (B) :
P (G) = P (B 1 ) P ( ) + P (B ) P ( ) + P (B ) P ( )
G
B1 2
G
B2 3
G
B3

3 5 3
= 10 × 10 + 10 × 85 + 4
10 × 3
8
39
= 80

Option (C) :
P ( )=
B3
G
P (B 3 ∩G)
P (G)

P (B 3 )P ( ) G
B3
= P (G)
4 3
10 × 8
= 35
80
(∴ P (G) = 80
39
)
4
= 13

Option (D) :
( )
P (B 3 ∩G) = P (B 3 ) P G
B3

P (B ∩G) = P (B ) P ( )
3 3
G
B3

3
= 20

Subjective Numerical type:

2
8. Let ω≠1 be a cube root of unity. Then the minimum of the set {||a + bω + cω 2 || : a,  b, c distinct
non – zero integers } equals ________

Solution: (3.00)
If z is a complex number
 2
Then |z| = z z

Now,
( )
2 →
| 2| 2 2
|a + bω + cω | = (a + bω + cω ) a + bω + cω

= (a + bω + cω ) (a + bω + cω )
2
| 2| 2 2
|a + bω + cω |
(∴  z 1 + z 2 = z 1 + z 2 )

(if  a∈R⇒a = a)

(z 1 z 2 = z 1 z 2 )

(ω = ω ,   ω
2 2
=ω )
2
| 2| 2 2
|a + bω + cω | = (a + bω + cω ) (a + bω + cω)

(
= a2 + b2 + c2 − ab − bc − ca )
(∴  ω 3 = 1,   1 + ω + ω 2 = 0)
2 2 2 2
|a + bω + cω 2 | = 21 [(a − b) + (b − c) + (c − a) ]

Now for this to be minimum

Take a = 1, b = 2, c = 3, as a, b, c are distinct and non-zero integers
| 2 |2
|a + b + c | = 3

9. Let the point B be the reflection of the point A (2, 3) with respect to the line 8x − 6y − 23 = 0.
Let ΓA and ΓB be circle of radii 2 and 1 with centres A and B respectively. Let T be a common
tangent to the circle ΓA and ΓB such that both the circle are on the same side of T . If C is the
point of intersection of T and the line passing through A and B , then the length of the line
segment AC is ___________.

Solution: (10.00)
 ACP and B CQ are similar triangles.

Hence,
AC r1
BC = r 2

AC
BC
=2

AC = 2BC …(i)

Now, since B , is image of A

In Line 8x 6y = 23
AD = B D

AB = 2AD …(ii)

AD = distance of A from line

B x 6y = 23

AD = || 16−16−23
10
|
|=
5
2

Now as AC = 2BC
⇒AC = 2(AC AB)

⇒AC = 2AB

⇒AC = 4AD (from (ii))

AC = 4× 25

AC = 10

10. If 𝛼, 𝛽 ∈ 𝐶 are the distinct roots, of the equation 𝑥​2​ − 𝑥 + 1 = 0, then 𝛼​101​ + 𝛽​107​ is equal to:
Solution: (1)

𝑥​2​ − 𝑥 + 1 = 0
Roots are −𝑤, −𝑤​2

𝛼​101 ​+ 𝛽​107 ​= (−𝑤)​101 ​+ (−𝑤​2​)​107

= −𝑤​101 ​− 𝑤​214
= −𝑤​2​ − 𝑤
= 1 (as (1 + 𝑤 + 𝑤​2​ = 0))
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