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FYM - DOE - Lecture #3 PDF

This document provides an overview of basic concepts in probability and statistics including: sample spaces consisting of possible outcomes of random experiments; the axioms of probability and defining events; discrete and continuous random variables; and the normal distribution. Key concepts covered are random experiments, sample spaces, probability of events, random variables, the standard normal distribution, and distinguishing between populations and samples for purposes of point estimation.

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53 views20 pages

FYM - DOE - Lecture #3 PDF

This document provides an overview of basic concepts in probability and statistics including: sample spaces consisting of possible outcomes of random experiments; the axioms of probability and defining events; discrete and continuous random variables; and the normal distribution. Key concepts covered are random experiments, sample spaces, probability of events, random variables, the standard normal distribution, and distinguishing between populations and samples for purposes of point estimation.

Uploaded by

NohaM.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Design and Analysis of Experiments

Lecture #3
Basic Concepts of Probability
and Statistics

Dr. Ahmed Shaban

1
LECTURE OUTLINE
• Sample Spaces and Events
• Axioms of Probability
• Random Variables
• Normal Distribution

2
Random Experiment

• An experiment that results in different


outcomes even when repeated in the
same manner every time is a random
experiment.

3
Sample Spaces
• The set of all possible outcomes of a random
experiment is called the sample space, S.
• S is discrete if it consists of a finite or countable
infinite set of outcomes.
• S is continuous if it contains an interval of real
numbers.

 Flipping a coin {H, T}


 Throwing a dice {1,2,3,4,5,6}
 Two dice {(1,1),(1,2), … ,(6,6)}
 Student height
4
Probability of an Event

5
Random Samples
• Random means each item is equally likely
to be chosen.
• If more than one item is sampled, random
means that every sampling outcome is
equally likely.
– 2 items are taken from S = {a,b,c} without
replacement.
– Ordered sample space: S = {ab,ac,bc,ba,ca,cb}

6
Random Variables
Examples

8
Discrete Random Variable

9
Continuous Random Variable

10
11
12
Normal distribution

13
Standard Normal distribution

14
Example

15
Example

16
Population vs. Sample

17
Point Estimation

18
19
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