TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING (I.O.E.)
THAPATHALI CAMPUS
PROJECT PROPOSAL
ON
“SEISMIC VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT AND DESIGN OF
RETROFIT OF BUILDING”
By
PRABIN UPRETI (072/BCE/256)
PRADEEP BISHOKARMA (072/BCE/257)
SOHADRA THAPA (072/BCE/286)
SHRIJAN PYAKUREL (072/BCE/283)
NEETESH KHATIWADA (072/BCE/252)
SUSHIL DHAKAL (072/BCE/291)
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
THAPATHALI CAMPUS
Thapathali, Kathmandu
December, 2018
Table of Contents
1. Background...............................................................................................................1
2. Statement of the problem.......................................................................................1
3. Objectives..................................................................................................................2
4. Scope of the study.....................................................................................................2
5. Assumptions and Limitations..................................................................................3
6. Immediate Output....................................................................................................3
7. Literature Review.....................................................................................................3
8. Methodology.............................................................................................................6
9. Time Schedule...........................................................................................................8
References.....................................................................................................................9
1. Background
1.1 General Background
Development of infrastructures has taken the world into the next level. The
development of high rise buildings, complexes, apartments, etc. has taken
place in every nook and corners of the world whether it is the land of deserts
or the world of seismic hazards. Nepal, being a small country, is also
following the trend in the development of high rise structures. We belong to a
developing nation with wide spectrum of fortune knocking a footstep away.
Nepal lies in a very sensitive earthquake prone zone. So, it is necessary that
our structures are safe from possible damages. This project outlines the
minimum intervention works that requires to the damages and to be eligible to
get the tranches that will suppose to give under repair and retrofitting
provision.
1.2 Specific Background
There are various methods of repair and retrofitting for earthquake damaged
structures in different categories. Application of repair methods is expected to
restore the structures to its pre-earthquake condition where as application of
retrofitting methods to damaged structures is expected to increase strength and
ductility of the structure. Considering the suitability of these methods in terms
of material availability, beneficiaries' level of affordability and ease in skills,
various methods are incorporated.
2. Statement of the problem
Nepal being situated in the border of two tectonic plates-Indian plate and
Eurasian plate, is an extremely earthquake prone zone. We have faced major
earthquake on the start of the year 2072. It has damaged and collapsed many
multi-storied residential and public buildings at that time. Besides, Old
buildings which have not been built to the current standard and when the
function of building changes retrofitting is needed to reduce risk of loss of life
and injury. So, our project will be primarily focused at analyzing the
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reinforced concrete building and recommending the suitable retrofitting
techniques for the purposed building.
3. Objectives
3.1 General Objectives
The general objective of the project is to perform seismic vulnerability
assessment of the building and carryout retrofit design of the building as per
the requirement.
3.2 Specific objectives
Collection of structural data
Seismic vulnerability assessment.
Selection of retrofitting option
Modeling and Design using suitable retrofitting techniques.
Check of performance level of the building
Cost estimation
Work schedule for implementation of retrofit design.
Preparation of as built and retrofit drawing.
4. Scope of the study
Site inspection
To collect the data from the concerned parties.
Calculation of loads, base shear and vertical distribution of equivalent
earthquake load.
Seismic vulnerability assessment
The structural analysis of buildings by SAP2000 for different cases and
combination of loads.
Review of analysis output for design of individual components.
Recommendation and design of the suitable retrofitting techniques for the
safety and serviceability of the building.
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5. Assumptions and Limitations
Due to the unavailability of sufficient time and some aspects out of the scope, this
project will be confined to the following limitations.
Architectural design drawings were retrieved from the concerned parties.
The materials used in construction of proposed building may have to be
assumed based on past construction techniques.
Available schedule, financial support, resources, technology and
expectation will be considered.
The assumptions of this project are:
The bearing capacity of the soil is suitably assumed.
Three dimensional analyses are done with SAP 2000 v.20.
Design is done in accordance to IS codes.
6. Immediate Output
The immediate output of this project is to carry out the Seismic vulnerability
assessment of the building and recommendation and design of the suitable
retrofitting techniques for the safety and serviceability of the building.
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7. Literature Review
Retrofitting is commonly used terminology for strengthening and/or rehabilitation of
structures carried out to increase performance of the structure against different
hazards. Retrofitting requires unique solution to each individual building and
generalization, as in the new construction, has practical limitations. There are specific
requirements in each and every step of retrofitting such as vulnerability assessment,
design, planning, layout, construction sequence, quality control and safety assurance.
The choice of a retrofitting methodology depends on the type of building, required
level of performance, and availability of technology and, overall, financial aspect.
Some of the retrofitting techniques used for retrofitting RCC structures are given
below:
Bracing
Dampers
Jacketing – Increasing size of existing members
Shear wall – providing additional shear walls in proper locations
Base Isolation
Addition of frames – Additional steel/concrete frames are added
which contribute to the strength of the existing structure
Others – There are many other methodologies, such as use of Fiber
Reinforced Polymers (FRP), which can be effectively used for
retrofitting of existing RCC structures.
Every engineering design is the outcome of the past experiences and observations. It
is necessary to justify the result of the analysis and design properly with reference to
the preexisting standard results or the past experiences i.e. the design should follow
the provision made in codes of practices. Use of codes also keeps the designer to the
safe side in case the structure fails within its service life. For this design, certain
references and criteria are taken from the literatures discussed below.
I. Seismic Retrofitting Guideline Of Building In Nepal: This retrofitting
guideline will be a useful document for those existing building which are partially
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damaged and can be re-used through retrofitting and can also be used in controlling
the extent of damage of an existing structure. It provides guidelines on seismic
assessment, categorization of damage grade, seismic strengthening strategy and
seismic retrofitting options, structural vulnerability analysis of masonry and RCC
Buildings.
II. Indian Standard (IS) Codes of Practice: For the analysis and design of the
building references have been made to Indian Standard code since National Building
Codes of Nepal do not provide sufficient information and refers frequently to the
Indian standard codes. Indian Standard codes used in the analysis and design of this
building are described below:
1. IS:875- 1987 (Reaffirmed 2003)- Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other
than Earthquake) for Buildings and Structures: The design of the building is
dependent upon the minimum requirements prescribed for each of the above
functions. The minimum requirements pertaining to the structural safety of the
building are being covered in this code by way of laying down minimum designed
load which have to be assumed for dead loads, imposed load, snow load and other
external loads, the structure is required to bear. Strict conformity to loading standard
recommended in this code claims to ensure the safety of the buildings and thereby
reduced the hazards to life and property caused by unsafe structures as well as
eliminates the wastage caused by the assumption of unnecessary heavy loading.
2. IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures
(General Provision and Building): This code deals with the assessment of seismic
loads on various structures and earthquake resistant design of buildings. Its basic
provisions are applicable to buildings; elevated structures; industrial and stack like
structures; bridges; concrete masonry and earth dams; embankment and retaining
structures and other structures. It is concerned with the methods of determining
seismic loads and the effects of various irregularities in a building can have upon its
seismic response.
3. IS 13920: 1993 (Reaffirmed 2003) Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete
Structures Subjected to Seismic Force- Code of Practice: This standard covers the
requirements for designing and detailing of monolithic reinforced concrete buildings
so as to give them adequate toughness and ductility to resist sever earthquake shock
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without collapse. The provisions for the reinforced concrete construction given in the
code are specifically to the monolithic reinforced concrete construction. For precast
and pre-stressed concrete members, its use is limited only if they can provide the
same level of ductility as that of monolithic reinforced concrete construction during or
after earthquake. The code include the detailing rules for flexural members, column
and frame member subjected to bending and axial loads and shear walls.
Besides these, other books related to structural mechanics (Statics and Dynamics) will
also be helpful for performing and verifying the analysis output from computer
software.
8. Methodology
The methodology is the general research strategy that outlines the way in which
research is to be undertaken and among other things, identifies the methods to be used
in it. Methodology does not define specific methods, even though much attention is to
be given to the nature and kind of processes to be followed in a particular procedure
or to attain an objective.
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Site Visit and collection of data.
Configuration- Related checks:
Load path, geometry, redundancy, weak/ soft storey,
mezzanines, vertical discontinuities, mass
irregularity, torsion, adjacent buildings and short
columns.
Seismic preliminary evaluation
Calculation of base shear.
Calculation of shear stress in RC columns.
Calculation of shear capacity of column.
Calculation of axial stress in moment- frame columns.
Acceptability criteria Satisfied?
Detailed evaluation
Calculation of moment of resistance in hogging and sagging.
Check of shear capacity of Beam and Column.
Check of strong column/ weak beam.
Acceptability criteria Satisfied?
Strengthening not recommended. Selection and design of retrofit strategies
Comparison of various retrofitting option with reference to:
Cost and Time
Disturbance to existing structure
Effect as original aesthetics
Selection of most appropriate retrofitting option
Detail drawing & report
Relatively Safe Area drawing
Fig. Methodology Flow Chart
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9. Time Schedule
The project has been allocated to be completed in the time being of 7th and 8th
semester of Civil Engineering. The first phase of the project which includes the
collection of structural data, seismic vulnerability assessment and selection of
retrofitting option will be completed during the 7th semester.
Collection of structural data
Seismic vulnerability assessment.
Modeling and Design
Check of performance level
Cost estimation
Work schedule for retrofit design.
Preparation of as built and retrofit drawing
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
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References
1. Teddy Boen and associates 2010 ‘’Retrofitting Simple Building Damaged By
Earthquake’’
2. Shrestha Hari Darsan, Pribadi Krishna, Kusumastuti Dyah,Lim Edwin Manual on
“Retrofitting Of Existing Vulnerable School Buildings Assessment To Retrofitting”
Part I
3. Nepal National Building Codes
4. NICEE, India ’’Guideline for Earthquake Resistant Non-Engineered Construction’’
5. CPWD, Government of India ‘’Handbook on Repair and Rehabilitation of RCC
Buildings’’
6. MoUD,DUDBC Babarmahal Kathmandu, ‘’ Seismic Retrofitting Guidelines of
Buildings in Nepal.
7. Ashok K. Jain. Reinforced Concrete Limit State Design. Roorke Press, Mahavir
Marg, Roorke 247 667, 2012.
