Scribd
Upload
53 views14 pages

Rotations of Rigid Objects

This document defines key terms related to the rotational motion of rigid objects, including: - Angular position (θ), measured as an angle relative to a reference line like the x-axis. - Angular displacement (Δθ), defined as the angle an object rotates through over a time interval. - Average and instantaneous angular speed (ω) and acceleration (α), analogous to linear speed and acceleration. - The relationship between linear velocity (v) and angular velocity (ω), defined as v = rω, where r is the distance from the axis of rotation. Equations are provided to calculate angular quantities like displacement given initial conditions like initial speed

Uploaded by

Jack
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
53 views14 pages

Rotations of Rigid Objects

This document defines key terms related to the rotational motion of rigid objects, including: - Angular position (θ), measured as an angle relative to a reference line like the x-axis. - Angular displacement (Δθ), defined as the angle an object rotates through over a time interval. - Average and instantaneous angular speed (ω) and acceleration (α), analogous to linear speed and acceleration. - The relationship between linear velocity (v) and angular velocity (ω), defined as v = rω, where r is the distance from the axis of rotation. Equations are provided to calculate angular quantities like displacement given initial conditions like initial speed

Uploaded by

Jack
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

Rotations of Rigid Objects

The angular position of the rigid object is the angle θ (in


radians) measured relative to the fixed reference line which
usually is the x-axis:
𝑠𝑠
θ=
𝑟𝑟
where s is the arc length and r is the radius of circular path.
The angle θ plays the same role in rotational
motion that the position x does in
translational motion.

Angular Displacement

The angular displacement is defined as the


angle the object rotates through during
some time interval.

Δθ = θf – θi
Average Angular Speed

The average angular speed, ωavg, of a


rotating rigid object is the ratio of the
angular displacement to the time interval.

𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥
ωavg =
𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥

Instantaneous Angular Speed

𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
ω= lim =
𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥→0 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Average Angular Acceleration
The average angular acceleration, αavg, of a
rotating rigid object is the ratio of the
change of the angular speed to the time
interval.
𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥
αavg =
𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥

Instantaneous Angular Speed

𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
α= lim =
𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥→0 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
θ, ω and α are the same for every part of
the rigid object.

ω and α are vector quantities. Their


direction is given by the right-hand rule
For constant angular acceleration, the motion of the
rigid object is described by equations analogous to the
equations for linear motion.

x→θ
v→ω
a→α
Example: A wheel rotates with a constant angular acceleration
of 3.50 rad/s2. If at t = 0 the angular speed is 2.00 rad/s, what
angular displacement does the wheel rotate in 2.00 s?Through
how many revolutions has the wheel turned in 2.00 s? What is
the angular speed of the wheel at t = 2.00 s?
Given:
ω0 = 2.00 rad/s α = 3.50 rad/s2 t = 2.00 s

Δθ = ω0 t + ½ α t2
Δθ = (2.00 rad/s)(2.00s) + ½ (3.50 rad/s2)(2.00 s)2
Δθ = 11.0 rad = 6300

11.0 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
N= = 1.75 revolutions
2𝜋𝜋
ω = ω0 + α t = (2.00 rad/s + (3.50 rad/s2) (2.00 s)
ω= 9.00 rad/s
What is the relationship between linear velocity and
angular velocity?

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑(𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑


v= = = 𝑟𝑟 = 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

Vector representation for velocity of a point: v = ω x r

Since r is not the same for all points on the object, the
tangential speed of every point is not the same.
Example: The speed of the belt is v = 5.0 m/s.
What is the angular speed of each wheel. Assume
that the belt does not slip.

v = 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟

𝑣𝑣 5.0 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠
ωA = = = 33.3 rad/s
𝑅𝑅1 0.150 𝑚𝑚
𝑣𝑣 5.0 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠
ωB = = = 50.0 rad/s
𝑅𝑅2 0.100 𝑚𝑚
Centripetal (radial) and tangential accelerations of
a point on the rotating rigid object:

𝑣𝑣 2 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 2
ar = = = rω2
𝑟𝑟 𝑟𝑟

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑(𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑


at = = = 𝑟𝑟 = rα
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

a = 𝑎𝑎𝑐𝑐2 + 𝑎𝑎𝑡𝑡2

Vector representation for acceleration of a point:


ar = ω x (ω x r)
at = α x r
Example: The angle θ varies according to:
θ = 0.30 t3 – 1.6 t + 3.0 (rad), where θ is in radians
and t is in seconds.
Determine acceleration of end A at t = 2.0 s.
ac = r ω2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
ω = = 0.90 t2 – 1.6
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
ω (t = 2.0 s)= 0.90(2.0 s)2 – 1.6 = 2.0 rad/s
ac = r ω2 = (2.0 m) (2.0 rad/s)2 = 8.0 m/s2

at = α r
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
α= = 1.8 t α (t = 2.0 s) = 1.8 (2.0 s) = 4.0 rad/s2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
at = α r = (2.0 m)( 4.0 rad/s2) = 7.2 m/s2

a = 𝑎𝑎𝑐𝑐2 + 𝑎𝑎𝑡𝑡2 = 8.0 m/𝑠𝑠 2 2 + 7.2 m/𝑠𝑠 2 2 = 11 m/s2


Direction
8.0
θ= tan-1 = 480
7.2

You might also like