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Q. 1. What assumptions are cOllllllonly

mate when making a s:ilJlplified
analysis of 9ing1e
bay multi-storey frames subject"'o wind loading? Why is it necessary to make
additional .assumptions when considering multi-bay construction?

The frame shown in Figure 5 is subject to a wind load which can be represented
as a uniformly distributed load of 5 kN/m. By making appropriate assumptions
as to the structural behaviour of this frame, determine the distribution of
axial loads, shear forces and bending moments in the beam and columns at
point A •.

r-;

..l
4m

---
5kN/m
AI I J 1
4m

4m

5m

-'- -'-- --.1.- -1-

6m 6m 6m

AU columns are of the same cross-section,

FIG,S.

CIV/S.l 6
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,I.
,f.

": ~ ','
A two bay, single storey warehouse is built using stanchions and truss J;j
:f~l~:~ construction 'as shown in Fig. 5. When the win'd blows from left to right ..l
I : the stanchions are s\.lbjected to hor:Lzonta~ 10."& o£ 20kN (AB) and lOkN (EF)
as shown. The pitch of the roof is such that it is not subject to \-Tind
load. Determine the bending momentdistribution in each stanchion, given
that they are all to be of the same section size. (10 marks)
Showhow your calculations wculd be altered if the stanchion CDwere now a
'simple prop with the base at C pinned instead of fixed. What advantages (6 marks;
might such a modification have in terms of the scructura.; design of the
building ? (4 marks)

~I B~.~
4m
6m
~E-4

4m
, I~
\
A E

c
~
~

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i,

~~ u.i1fv.re .~
~~ ~.~~.r ~

h_iL
- L
-------------------

CIV/S.l 7
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~ 1.
~Li A factory floor constructed us~ng~COmposite const~tion consists of
simply supported 305 x 127 x 37 k1./m OB's spanning"B.Om. The beams
are spaced at 4.0111 centres and slJpport a 1S0mm rei·n!forced conc<rate
slab. Due to a change of use, the floor is riquireB to be strengthened
in order to carry an imposed load of 3.5 kN/m .', This is to be achieved
by weldinq flange plates 150 x 12mm to the bottom flanges of the
universal beams - see Fig. 6.

a) If the'load due to finishes is 1.0 kN/m2, determine the maximum

design bending moment, and show that the moment of resistance of
the strengthened section is adequate.
no marks)
b) The construction sequence is as follows - ,;,r\.
\

(i) the slab is cast with shuttering supported directly

on the steel beam, which is propped at midspan with
a jacking force of 80kN,
(ii) the jack is removed once the doncrete has matured and
the finishes' are applied, , I

(iii) during installation of 'the flange plates the beams are

subject to full oeao load, but all ~posed load is
removed,
(iv) once the strengthenlng has been complettd the floor is
subject to its full d~sign load. -
I
Given the follOWing data, determi~e the total maximum deflection at midspan
of the beam.
(10 marks)
Desi9n data:

Values of lxx (mm4) - note that not all of these values may be required.

No flange plate Including 150 x 12mm

. flange plate
6 6
Steel beam 71.6 x 10 104.2 x 10

Composite section 6 6
122.2 x 10 166.7 x 10
(long term modular ratio)

Composite section 6
154,8 x 106 207.8 x 10
(short term modular ratio)
2
Steel grade 43 f 250N/mm
Y /
2
Concrete strength f 30 N/1I1!Il
eu
Area of cross-section of 305 x 127 x 37kg/m (without stiffening flange
plate) = 4760 mm2
I 3
unit weight of cohcrete 24kN/m

210 kN/m2
Esteel

"Lto V 10'" ~ a/ 1 __7..

QUESTION 7 CONTINUED OVERLEAF

CIV/S.l 8
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QUESTION If
!,

CONT~NUED
.~

t
j ,"
" .:

~----
150mm

T"I,I I l{.O
..,I,
I
.. 7
p1Jm

195mm

C. of G. of
II
stiffened becrn
121mm

LJ
150 ><12flange plate
/

FIG. 6,

CIV/S.l 9
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"k:,\"
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~~ a) Explain briefly how shrinkage and creep affect the long term I'
def~ect~ono£ a reinforced concrete beam. Use sketches to illusnt4te
your answar , (5 marks) ,":

b) A reinforced concrete beam has the cross seotion shown in Pig. 1.

The beam is simply supported over a span of IS.Om and carries its
self weight only. ,Construction is by casting in-situ. When the
concr~te is 2B days old, the shutter is removed, transferring the
self weight load to the beam.
Using the data below and the hand-out provided, calculate the
midspan deflection of the beam 500 days after casting the concrete.
comment on the result.
(15 marks)
Data:

Short term elastic modulus of concrete' E 28 kN/mm2

Elastic modulus of steel Bs
c
2;;';;;/::n2
Free shrinkage strain of concrete g 300 ~. 1O=-6 :;
oS I
= 2.7S kN/m I
Self weight of the beam
(

{;
/
'I

•
II 50
-'

As':2S0 mm2

450

As :700mm2
50
/

Dimensions in mm.

FIG.1.

I
I

CIV/S.l 2
 Table A:l. Creep coofficients and r~nllction with time of
stress in concrete at steel level .
Duration
or load
1
A.:c lit IOlldinll (dlll'S) TensilP. stress
In
(days) G
I
14 28 S6 ?; 100 eoacrete (N/mm')
~.
0 ,I) 0 0 0 0 1'00
"

"\.' ~O \ 0'3'~ 0·33 0·27 0·23 0·19 0·95

100 1,·92 1·65 1·37 1·17 0'96 Q·77
1000 \ J'08
2-64 2·10 1-&7 <'U4) 0·64
GO 3·85 3-30 2'75 2·34 1·~3 0·55
..
----'.

_L,;to::;..t=" , '-~'-.~"
Table A.2. Percentage of shrinkag~'~ -
occurring up to a given age
Age (days) '10 100 1000 ec.,

4.-~-~~-'
% 10 50 ~.~~ 100

. -""
Table..A.3. Values of f1~ for calculation of shrinkage curvatures
nluts of talllCS of 100.-1,'
lbd
100.1,
bit 0.00 0,2$ 0.50 O.7~ . l.()O 1.25 1.50 1,75 2.00

.0.25 0.44 -0.31 0.26 0.12 0.20 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.15
050 .
0,56
0.75 ~ '.. .. _.. _. 0.64
0.31 .
~.45
0.26
0.26
0.22
0.22
0.20
0.20
0.18
0.18
0.17
0.17
0.16
0.16
0.15
0.15
1.00 0,70 0.55 0.39 0.22 0.20 0.18 0.17 0.16 0,15
1.50 0.80 0.69 0.57 0.45 0.32 0.18 0,17 0.16 0.15
2.00 0.&8 0.79 0.69 0.60 0,49 0.39 0.28 0.16 0.15
2.50 0.95 0.B7 0.79 0.70 0.62 0.53 0,44 (lJ5 Q.25
~,IJQ 1.00 l).9~ O.~G 0.79 0.72 0.64 0.57 0.49 OAG
).50 1.00 1.00 0.93 0.87 0.80 0.74 0.67 0.60 0.52
4.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.93 0.87 0.8l 0.75 0.69 0.62