LTE System Overview

www.huawei.com
 Contents
1. LTE Industry Briefing

2. LTE Network Architecture

3. LTE Air Interface Principles

4. eNodeB Product Overview

Page1
 Evolution of Radio Technologies
R97 R99 R5 R6 R7 R8/R9 R10

GSM GPRS EDGE

3GPP
HSPA+
3GPP2
HSDPA HSPA DL>42M
WCDMA UL>11M LTE FDD
DL:14.4Mbp DL:14.4Mbps
384Kbps DL:100Mbps
s UL:5.8Mbps
UL:50Mbps
LTE-A
1Gbps
EV-DO Rel. 0 DO Rel. A DO Rev B
cdma2000 1x
DL: 2.4Mbps DL: 3.1Mbps DL：46.5Mbps
153.6kbps
UL:153.6kbps UL: 1.8Mbps UL: 27Mbps

TD-HSPA+ LTE TDD

DL:>25.2Mbps DL:100Mbps
TD-SCDMA TD-HSDPA TD-HSUPA UL:>19.2Mbps UL:50Mbps
384Kbps DL:2.8Mbps UL:2.2Mbps

Page2
3GPP Evolution : From LTE to LTE-A/B/C
Performance LTE-C
(Optimized diverse
LTE-B service support)
LTE-A (Capacity
Boosting)
(4G certif.,
1Gpbs DL Peak .)
LTE
Fundamental

50xSmall Cell
10xSmall Cell Per Per Macro,
CA, CoMP Macro,
OFDMA, MIMO HO MIMO, 256QAM
Small Cell eICIC

HomoNet HetNet Fusion-Net

3GPP
Time
2005~2007 2008~2012 2013~2016 2017~2020

Page3
LTE Technical Objectives
LTE Requirements from ITU LTE Technical Features from 3GPP
Flexible bandwidth 1.4MHz, 3MHz, 5MHz, 10Mhz, 15Mhz, 20MHz
DL: 5(bit/s)/Hz, 3~4 times than R6HSDPA
Higher spectrum efficiency
UL: 2.5(bit/s)/Hz, 2~3 times than R6HSDPA
Higher peak throughput (@20MHz)
DL:100Mbps, UL: 50Mbps
DL:100Mbps, UL: 50Mbps
Control plane:< 100ms, User plane: <
Control plane:< 100ms, User plane: < 10ms
10ms
Shall support
Shall support high speed vehicular(>350km/h) for
stationary/pedestrian/vehicular/high
100kbps access service.
speed vehicular
Support interoperability between 3GPP existed and non-
Support inter-system handover
3GPP
Remove CS domain, CS service realized in PS domain
VoIP Capacity which can support multiple service, especially voice
service (such as VoIP).
Decrease network evolution cost Remove BSC/RNC
Reduce CAPEX and OPEX SON

Page4
LTE Global Spectrum Distribution

•1.8GHz is the most popular for •TD-LTE global main frequency bands:
commercialization 2.3/2.6(Band 38/40);
•GL1800 refarming is hot in Europe and Asia •Typical bandwidth resource≥20MHz
Pacific area •1.9/2.0GHz: Some bands which are applicable
•Low frequency could be used for coverage to TD-LTE are mainly used in Europe.

Page5
LTE Main Terminal Type
Type Function Appearance Application Scenarios
Dongle Data card B323 is a wireless
signal converter of which the Used for LTE network access in
size is similar to a USB flash areas covered with strong signals
drive. It can be inserted into a for individual and enterprise
SIM card to receive and customers.
transmit data signals.
CPE(Custo Data services,VoIP services
Safety services (firewall and Used for
mer broadband access Wi-Fi RJ11
PIN protection mechanism)
Premise for home or
Local O&M management
Equipment) (equipment management and enterprise
LAN switch
network configuration) customers RJ45 or Hub
Optional functions: printing
and faxing
MiFi Functions of the modem, Used for nomadic
(Mobile router, and access point wireless access
for individual
WiFi)
subscriber.
PAD or User equipment that Anywhere, anytime, anyone
mobile support circuit service and
phone packet service

Page6
 LTE Mobile Services
 HD VoIP
 HD video call
 High-speed data access, such as  MIM
mobile Internet services  Mobile community
 Social multimedia  Dynamic and connected address book
 Mobile HD music MBB P2P
 Online gaming connection communications

 Mobile 3DTV, IPTV

 Cloud storage (photo
Cloud  Video surveillance
storage and data backup) Mobile  Video conference
 Cloud services, such as computing
HD video  Video sharing and transferring, such
public, private, community,
and hybrid cloud services Social Mobile 
as instant transferring after shooting
MBMS

 Public affairs, such as automatic data

recording and electric meter M2M Local Ubiquitous
 Transportation, such as vehicle mobile trade
communications, navigation, and tracing Enhanced  Mobile payment and electronic money
 Health care, such as remote medical positioning  Mobile advertisement
treatment services  Mobile office
 Financial services, such as mobile vending  Interactive digital signs and virtual stylists
and automatic selling  GPS
 Smart homing, such as smart buildings and  LBS (Location based services)
smart homes
 Industrial manufacturing: such as equipment  AR (Augmented Reality)
tracing and management

Page7
LTE Voice Solution
IMS/SR-VCC: Voice over IMS
over LTE; handover &
roaming to 2G/3G is
Voice & Data supported
on LTE
OTT Mode: To rely on OTT
applications for voice service
LTE Voice offering
Solution

CS Fallback: UE is attached
on LTE, and fallback to
2G/3G for voice calls (MTC
Data on LTE
and MOC)
Voice on CS
SVLTE (Dual Standby): Dual
simultaneously radio access running on the
same UE allowing data on LTE and voice
on 2G/3G CS in parallel

Page9
 Contents
1. LTE Industry Briefing

2. LTE Network Architecture

3. LTE Air Interface Principles

4. eNodeB Product Overview

Page10
 Network Architecture Evolution
PSTN
page

CS PS EPC
P-GW
HSS
CN
GMSC HLR GGSN
SGW MME
MSC/VLR SGSN

Iu-CS Iu-PS
S1-U S1-C
S1-U S1-C

Iub Iub X2
RNC
Iub eNodeB
eNodeB X2 X2

NodeB NodeB

UTRAN NodeB eNodeB E-UTRAN

UMTS LTE
 Flat and simple network architecture
 Less network nodes, reduced transmission and radio access delay
 Reduced costs on network deployment and maintenance

Page 11
EPS Network Architecture

PCRF
S6a
S1-C User Plane
UE HSS
Rx Control Plane
Uu
X2 MME
S11 Gx
S1-C
S1-U
UE S5 SGi Operator’s
S1-U IP Service

UE E-UTRAN EPC SGW PDN-GW

EPS
GERAN CS CN
E-UTRAN EPC
/UTRAN PS CN
“LTE” “SAE”

 EPC is based on packet domain, and does not support circuit

domain any longer.

Page12
EPS Control Plane Protocol

Page13
EPS User Plane Protocol

Page14
X2 Interface

X2

eNB eNB

Control Plane User Plane

X2AP GTP-U
SCTP UDP
IP IP
Layer 2 Layer 2
Layer 1 Layer 1

Page15
Typical Packet Service

1 MME
ICP/ISP

internet
2 S-GW P-GW
eNodeB
Signaling
Data
Typical Voice Service

IMS domain
MGCF
EPC Signaling
IMS Signaling 3
SS7 Signaling
CSCF IMS-MGW SS7
Data (VOIP)

MME 4
1

2
MSC
4 PLMN
S-GW P-GW
eNodeB
EPC
EPS Network Structure of GUL Access

UTRAN
SGSN
S12
NodeB RNC

GERAN S3 PCRF
S6a
HSS
BTS BSC/PCU S4
MME Gx Rx
S11
S1-MME
LTE Operator's
IP Services
S1-U S5 SGi
eNodeB
S-GW P-GW

Page18
 Questions
 Which network elements form parts of the EPC?
a. UE.

b. eNB.

c. MME.

d. S-GW.

e. PDN-GW.

f. HSS.

Page19
 Questions
 Which interface links the eNB to the MME?
a. Uu.

b. S1.

c. X2

d. S5.

Page20
 Contents
1. LTE Industry Briefing

2. LTE Network Architecture

3. LTE Air Interface Principles

4. eNodeB Product Overview

Page21
 Contents
3 LTE Air Interface Principles
3.1 Principles of OFDM

3.2 Multiple Access and Duplex Technologies

3.3 LTE Frame Structure

3.4 LTE Physical Channel

3.5 Physical Procedures

3.6 Key Technologies

Page22
 Division Multiplexing Overview
 Division Multiplexing (DM)
 Multiplexed data streams can be used for one or multiple UEs.
Power Time
FDM:
Multiplex multiple data
streams in the frequency
domain
Data stream 4

Data stream 3

Data stream 2

Data stream 1

TDM:
Frequency Multiplex multiple
Time
Power data streams in the
Data stream 4 time domain
Data stream 3
Time CDM:
Data stream 2 Power
Data stream 1 Multiplex multiple
data streams in
the code domain
Frequency Data stream 4

Data stream 3
Data stream 2

Data stream 1
Frequency

Page 23
OFDM Overview
 OFDM (Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) is essentially a FDM.
 Multiple orthogonal frequencies are used to achieve data transmission
on a greater bandwidth.
 OFDM subcarriers are overlapping and orthogonal, greatly improving
the spectral efficiency.

FDM OFDM

Page 24
OFDM and Multiple Access in LTE

OFDM
(OFDMA)

eNB
OFDM

UE (SC-FDMA)

Page25
 Contents
3 LTE Air Interface Principles
3.1 Principles of OFDM

3.2 Multiple Access and Duplex Technologies

3.3 LTE Frame Structure

3.4 LTE Physical Channel

3.5 Physical Procedures

3.6 Key Technologies

Page26
Multiple Access Technology:
Distinguishing Users
Time Time
Power Power
FDMA TDMA
Each user is Each user is
allocated with a allocated with a
specific sub- specific time on a
frequency band or
channel.
channel.

Frequency Frequency
FDMA TDMA

Time
Power
Time
Power OFDMA
CDMA Each user is allocated with a
Each user is specific resource, which
allocated with a varies in the time domain
specific code on a and frequency domain.
channel.

Frequency
Frequency
CDMA OFDMA

Page 27
Comparison between DM and DMA
Code Time Time Time
Code Code
DS1
DS2
DS3
DS4
DS1
DS DS DS DS DS2
1 2 3 4 DS3
Frequency Frequency DS4
TDM: Reuse data streams in Frequency
FDM: Reuse data streams in CDM: Reuse data streams in
frequency domain time domain code domain

Multiplex data streams mapping to different users separately

Code Time Time

Code Time Code
U4
U3
U2
U1
U1
U U U U U2
1 2 3 4 U3
Frequency Frequency U4 Frequency
FDMA: Reuse users in frequency domain TDMA: Reuse users in time domain CDMA: Reuse users in code domain
DS: Data Stream
U: User

Page28
From FDM/FDMA to OFDM/OFDMA
Code Time Code Time

f1 f2 f3 f4

D D D D U U U U
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Frequency
Traditional FDM Spectrum Traditional FDM Traditional FDMA Frequency

High spectrum efficiency

Time
Code Time Code

Frequency
DD D D D D D DD D D D UU U U U U U UU U U U
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Bandwidth

OFDM Frequency OFDMA Frequency

Page29
LTE DL Multiple Access - OFDMA
 OFDMA defines the technology of orthogonal frequency
division multiple access.

 OFDMA is essentially the combination of TDMA and FDMA.

System bandwidth
Subcarrier

TTI: 1 ms

Frequency

Time and frequency resources allocated to user 1

Time and frequency resources allocated to user 2

Time Sub-frequency band: 12 subcarriers

Time and frequency resources allocated to user 3

Page30
LTE UL Multiple Access - SC-FDMA
 To eliminate the limitation of the high PAPR on the PA, LTE
uses single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-
FDMA) in the uplink.
Frequency bandwidth

Single carrier
TTI: 1 ms

Frequency

Time and frequency resources allocated to user 1

Time and frequency resources allocated to user 2

Sub-frequency band: 12 subcarriers
Time
Time and frequency resources allocated to user 3

0 Page31
OFDMA Vs SC-FDMA

Page32
Duplex Technologies:
Distinguishing UL/DL Signals

 FDD: The uplink and  TDD: The uplink and

downlink use different downlink use different
frequencies. slots.

 Applications: LTE  Applications: LTE TDD,

FDD, WCDMA, TD-SCDMA, and

CDMA2000 WiMAX
Page33
 Contents
3 LTE Air Interface Principles
3.1 Principles of OFDM

3.2 Multiple Access and Duplex Technologies

3.3 LTE Frame Structure

3.4 LTE Physical Channel

3.5 Physical Procedures

3.6 Key Technologies

Page34
 LTE Frame Structure Type1-FDD
 Radio frame: 10ms

 Subframe: 1ms

 Slot: 0.5ms

Radio Frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10ms

One Slot,Tslot = 15360 x Ts=0.5ms

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Subframe (1ms) Ts = 1/(15000x2048) = 32.552083ns

Page35
LTE Frame Structure Type2-TDD
 Special subframe = DwPTS+GP+UpPTS=1ms

 GP is reserved for downlink to uplink transition.

Type 2 Radio Frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10ms

One half-frame, 153600Ts=5ms

Special Subframe Special Subframe

0 2 3 4 5 7 8 9
DwPTS
(Downlink Pilot UpPTS (Uplink
GP (Guard
One subframe, 30720Ts=1ms Time Slot) Pilot Time Slot)
Period)

Page36
Type 2 Radio Frame DL/UL Subframe
Allocation
DL-UL Switch-point Subframe number
Configuration periodicity 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 5 ms D S U U U D S U U D

D: Downlink subframe
U: Uplink subframe
S: Special subframe

Page37
Special Subframe Configuration
Special Subframe Length in
Special RTD max Largest coverage
Normal CP（Symbol Number )
Subframe distance by
Configuration (us) theory (km)
DwPTS GP UpPTS

0 3 10 1 677.06 101.56
1 9 4 1 248.42 37.26
2 10 3 1 177.06 26.56
3 11 2 1 105.71 15.86
4 12 1 1 34.35 5.15
5 3 9 2 605.71 90.86
6 9 3 2 177.06 26.56
7 10 2 2 105.71 15.86
8 11 1 2 34.35 5.15

Page38
 DL UL
DwPTS UpPTS
subframe subframe
Page39
GP Functions in TDD system

L
DL UL
DwPTS Gp UpPTS
subframe subframe

T=2 △t
CP(Cyclic Prefix)
Radio Frame = 10ms

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Tsymbol
7 OFDM
Symbols 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
(Normal CP)
Tsymbol
6 OFDM
Symbols 0 1 2 3 4 5
(Extended CP)

CP

 Extended CP is generally used in cells with extended coverage.

Page40
Time Domain Interference
Energy

Delay Spread

Time

Page41
Inter Symbol Interference

1st Received
Signal Delayed
Signal

Interference
Caused

Page42
Cyclic Prefix
Frequency

CP CP CP CP
CP CP CP CP
CP CP CP CP

Symbol Period T(s) Time

Cyclic Prefix
Bit Period T(b)

T(g)
Symbol Period T(s)

Page43
PRB and RE
Radio Frame = 10ms

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Subframe

Slot 8 Slot 9

Physical Resource
Block

NSCRB Subcarriers = 12
NRBDL

Resource
Element

NSymbDL

Page44
Channel BW and RB
 For details, please refer to protocol 36.101

Channel bandwidth BW Channel [MHz] 1.4 3 5 10 15 20

Transmission bandwidth
6 15 25 50 75 100
configuration NRB

Channel Bandwidth [MHz]

Transmission Bandwidth Configuration [RB]

Transmission
Bandwidth [RB]

Channel edge
Channel edge

Resource block

Active Resource Blocks DC carrier (downlink only)

Page45
 Contents
3 LTE Air Interface Principles
3.1 Principles of OFDM

3.2 Multiple Access and Duplex Technologies

3.3 LTE Frame Structure

3.4 LTE Physical Channel

3.5 Physical Procedures

3.6 Key Technologies

Page46
Location of LTE Physical Channels
Logical Logical channels
Channels RLC
indicate the type of
Transport
MAC information transferred.
Channels
PHY Transport channels
describe what typical
configuration the physical
Physical
layer uses to provide
Channels Radio transport services on the
Channel air interface.

Radio channel Physical channels

describe the physical
Radio features of signals, such
Channel as coding and
TDD
modulation.
eNB
FDD
Radio
Channel
UE UE

Page47
Downlink / Uplink Channel Mapping
NAS Layer ESM EMM IP ESM EMM IP

RRC Layer RRC RRC

Integrity ROHC Integrity ROHC

PDCP Layer
Ciphering Ciphering Ciphering Ciphering

RLC Layer TM TM TM UM/AM UM/AM TM UM/AM UM/AM

Logical
BCCH PCCH CCCH DCCH DTCH CCCH DCCH DTCH
Channels
M AC Layer
Transport
BCH PCH DL-SCH RACH UL-SCH
Channels

Physical Layer Physical

PBCH PCFICH PHICH PDCCH PDSCH PRACH PUCCH PUSCH
Channels
Downlink Channel Uplink Channel

Page48
Reference Signals

• Cell Specific Reference Signals (non-MBSFN) CRS

DL
• MBSFN Reference Signals(only for MBSFN)
RS
• UE Specific Reference Signals (It is typically used for beamforming)

• Demodulation Reference Signal

 Used for channel estimation to help the demodulation of the control
DMRS
UL and data channels in the eNB.

RS • Sounding Reference Signal

 Provides the eNB with uplink channel quality information(CQI) which SRS
can be used for scheduling.

Page49
Cell Specific Reference Signals
One antenna port

R0 R0

 It is worth nothing that the position

R0 R0

R0 R0
of the reference signals is
l0
R0 R0
l6 l0 l6
dependent on the value of the
Physical Cell ID.
R0 R0 R1 R1
Resource element (k,l)
Two antenna

Not used for transmission R1：The RS of NO.1 antenna port

ports

R0 R0 R1 R1
on this antenna port R2： The RS of NO.2 antenna port
R0 R0 R1 R1
Reference symbols on R3： The RS of NO.3 antenna port
this antenna port
R0 R0 R1 R1 R4： The RS of NO.4 antenna port
l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6
Four antenna ports

R0 R0 R1 R1 R2 R3

R0 R0 R1 R1 R2 R3

R0 R0 R1 R1 R2 R3

R0 R0 R1 R1 R2 R3
l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6

even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots
Antenna port 0 Antenna port 1 Antenna port 2 Antenna port 3

Page50
RS Measurement
 After receiving all necessary system messages, UE starts to
measure RS for cell selection and reselection

 The following quantity should be evaluated for UE idle

status measurement
 RSRP: Reference Signal Received Power

 RSRQ: Reference Signal Received Quality

Page51
eNodeB DL Data Transmission and
Channel State Acquisition

C-RS ep ort
M I, R I R
:C QI, P
/ PU SC H d u ling
PUCCH U E sc he
: D L ta
PDCCH : DL UE d a
c k eNB
PD S C H ee db a
&
K / NA C Kf
UE SC H: AC
UCCH /PU
P

Page52
eNodeB UL Data Transmission and
Channel State Acquisition

nd in g RS
Sou S R & PHR
S C H: B
R or P U
H: S t
PUCC H :U L G ra n
P DC C
U L D a ta eNB
H : U s er k
UE PUSC C K f e ed bac
A CK / N A
PH IC H:

Page53
 Questions
 True / False. A cyclic prefix is used to combat multipath
delays.
a. True.

b. False.

Page54
 Questions
 How many symbols are there in a slot when a normal CP is
used?
a. 5.

b. 6.

c. 7.

d. 8.

Page55
 Questions
 Which of the following are downlink transport channels?
a. BCH.

b. PCH.

c. RACH.

d. UL-SCH.

e. DL-SCH.

Page56
 Contents
3 LTE Air Interface Principles
3.1 Principles of OFDM

3.2 Multiple Access and Duplex Technologies

3.3 LTE Frame Structure

3.4 LTE Physical Channel

3.5 Physical Procedures

3.6 Key Technologies

Page57
LTE Cell Search Procedure

Uplink
Synchronization
Complete
Cell PLMN/Cell RACH
Power On
Search Selection Process

Downlink
Synchronization
Complete

Page58
Cell Search and Downlink
Synchronization
n Signals
chronizat io
nk Syn
Dow nli
(1) (2) eNB
Ncell
ID = 3NID + NID

Where: NID(1) = 0,…..167

UE NID(2) = 0, 1, or 2

SSS - One of 168

Group Identities

eNB eNB

eNB
504 Unique Cell
Identities PSS - One of 3 Identities

Page59
System Information
System
Information
An MIB contains SFN (8 bits), cell bandwidth, and
MIB PHICH configuration parameters.
PLMN ID, Cell ID, TAC, Cell barred, cell
SIB1 selection parameters, SI scheduling information.

SI SI m essa g e c a rries SIB2~SIB13

Radio parameters shared by all UE in the cell: Access parameters,
SIB2 UE timer and common channel parameter configuration (RACH,
PRACH, BCCH, PCCH, PDSCH, PUCCH, PUSCH, SRS…)

SIB3 cell reselection information

SIB4 intra-frequency neighboring cell information

The first three are
SIB5 inter-frequency neighboring cell information
key SIBs, including
SIB6 UMTS neighboring cell information PLMN ID, cell
SIB7 GSM neighboring cell information selection
SIB8 CDMA neighboring cell information parameters, etc.
SIB9 Na m e of Hom e eNod eB

SIB10 p rim a ry notific a tion of ETWS

SIB11 sec ond a ry notific a tion of ETWS

SIB12 CMAS notific a tion

Inform a tion to req uest MBSFN c ontrol
SIB13 inform a tion rela ted to one or m ore reg ion

Page60
PLMN Selection PLMN Select
When UE
Stored in UE Last RPLMN Switch On

Set in SIM HPLMN & EHPLMN

The Timer of
User Controlled PLMN Selector HPLMN Reselection
Set in UE with Access Technology
is Saved in SIM
Card (no less 6 min)
Set in SIM Operator Controlled PLMN Selector
with Access Technology

Suggested PLMN List in

SIM card: The PLMN with signals of high
 PLMN + E-UTRAN

received quality
PLMN + UTRAN

PLMN + GSM
Other PLMN Based On Wireless
Quality

Page61
Cell Selection

Qrxlevmeas
Qqualmeas
Qrxlevmeas
Qqualmeas

Qrxlevmeas
Qqualmeas Cell selection are
based on measured
RSRP and RSRQ
value

Page62
Random Access Procedure

UE eNB
PRACH Preamble Sequence
RACH

MAC Scheduling Grant

MAC
RRC Connection Request Contention
UL-SCH
Resolution
RRC Connection Setup
DL-SCH

RRC Connection Setup Complete If two UEs send their

UL-SCH s-TMSIs simultaneously,
Signalling Radio Bearer the eNodeB needs to
choose a UE to connect.
(RRC Connected)

Page63
 Contents
3 LTE Air Interface Principles
3.1 Principles of OFDM

3.2 Multiple Access and Duplex Technologies

3.3 LTE Frame Structure

3.4 LTE Physical Channel

3.5 Physical Procedures

3.6 Key Technologies

Page64
 Contents
3.6 Key Technologies
3.6.1 MIMO

3.6.2 SON

3.6.3 CA

3.6.4 CoMP

3.6.5 HetNet

3.6.6 eMBMS

Page65
Radio Channel Access Mode
Transmitting Physical Receiving
 Traditional antenna antenna channel antenna
SISO
mode

 Diversity transmitting
MISO
mode

 Diversity receiving
SIMO
mode

MIMO
 MIMO mode

Page66
Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO)

Two-channel stereo, feel so good. MIMO doubles network access rate

Two speakers + two ears Two receive antennas + two
transmit antennas

Page 67
 Forms of MIMO
Spatial Transmit Diversity Beamforming
multiplexing
Cell B
A (f)
A (f)

A (f)
Cell A

IJKLMNOP A (f)

UE UE Cell C

Attention please! Attention please!

Attention please!

Attention please!

Page 68
 SU-MIMO/MU-MIMO

After Precoding, the two

data streams mixed in
different transmit
antennas with different
transmit power and •Uplink
phase •Downlink

Two different •Uplink

data streams

Page69
Benefits of MIMO
 Improve the system capacity

 Increase the peak rate

 Optimize the system coverage

Page70
 High Order MIMO
 Provide Peak Data Rate  Increase system capacity
 DL: and spectral efficiency
 300 ～600 Mbps (4x4  DL HO MIMO up to 8x8,
MIMO, 8x8 MIMO) in enhanced DL MU-MIMO
20MHz
 UL SU-MIMO up to 4T,
 >1Gbps (4x4 MIMO) with
enhanced UL MU-MIMO
CA.

 UL:
 150 ～300 Mbps (2x4
MIMO, 4x4 MIMO) in
20MHz

 >1Gbps (4x4 MIMO) with Page71

 Contents
3.6 Key Technologies
3.6.1 MIMO

3.6.2 SON

3.6.3 CA

3.6.4 CoMP

3.6.5 HetNet

3.6.6 eMBMS

Page72
Self-Organizing Network (SON)
Deployment stage O&M stage

Network plan Network Network

Installation Network upgrade and
and design performance
and O&M reconstruction
improvement
commissionin
g

Self-configuration Self-optimization Self-healing

Improves user
Reduces CAPEX Reduces OPEX experience

Page 73
 Contents
3.6 Key Technologies
3.6.1 MIMO

3.6.2 SON

3.6.3 CA

3.6.4 CoMP

3.6.5 HetNet

3.6.6 eMBMS

Page75
 CA Spectrum Schemes and Benefits
Spectrum Schemes for CA Peak Rate per User Doubled

150Mbps

Carrier 1 Carrier 2
300Mbps
150Mbps R10 UE
Intra-band CA continuous
DL 2*2MIMO @ 20MHz, CA: 40MHz

Carrier 1 Carrier 2
Better Experience in Cell Edge
Intra-band CA non-continuous
Assign Carrier 2
more RB
Carrier 1 Band 1 for cell Carrier 1
edge UE
Carrier 2 Band 2 edge cente
r

Inter-band CA
Mbp
s CA
No-CA
 CA requires R10 UE
 Up to 5 Component Carriers defined in 3GPP
R10
Page76
 Contents
3.6 Key Technologies
3.6.1 MIMO

3.6.2 SON

3.6.3 CA

3.6.4 CoMP

3.6.5 HetNet

3.6.6 eMBMS

Page77
 CoMP Introduction
Homogeneous network with intra-site CoMP

Downlink Uplink
CoMP CoMP • UL intra-site
CoMP has
no
Features dependency
with UE and
Backhaul
Intra-eNB Inter-eNB
CoMP CoMP
Homogeneous network with inter-site CoMP
Cloud BB
Benefits: • Inter-site
CoMP
 Interference
from other
bases on
transmission points is utilized to Cloud BB
improve transmission Architectur
e
 Improve Cell Edge User SNR
 Reduce inter-cell-interference

Page78
Uplink Intra-eNodeB CoMP
 Intra-site UL CoMP
 2Rx (eRAN 3.0) Cell2
Cell0

 UL CoMP from Joint Reception

 Signal combination Including
UE1

Receiving diversity gain and Array gain UE2

 Interference rejection Cell1

 Performance gain
Without CoMP Intra-eNB CoMP
 2Cell CoMP@2Rx(vs. Non-CoMP 2Rx)
 7% Cell Capacity,
 up to 130% Edge Throughput

Page79
Uplink Inter-eNodeB CoMP@Cloud
BB
Cloud BB  Intra-site UL CoMP
 2Rx (2 Cells)
 Inter-Site Joint Receiving is coherently
Not base on X2 but Cloud BB:
 Latency of Inter-site CoMP should be ~us
level which is much less than X2’s ~ms
level.
 X2 Capacity is insufficient to bear CoMP
Site1
Site2 Data.
 performance gain
 2Cell CoMP@2Rx(vs. Non-CoMP 2Rx)
 up to 220% Edge Throughput

Page80
 Contents
3.6 Key Technologies
3.6.1 MIMO

3.6.2 SON

3.6.3 CA

3.6.4 CoMP

3.6.5 HetNet

3.6.6 eMBMS

Page81
HetNet Overview
Macro Macro
Macro

Femto
Femto
Macro Micro
Micro Micro
Micro Femto

Femto
WiFi Pico
Micro Micro

Macro Macro Macro

1 - 5x 10 - 50x 100 - 500x

Telecom architecture becomes Flat, radio network becomes Heterogeneous

Page82
 Contents
3.6 Key Technologies
3.6.1 MIMO

3.6.2 SON

3.6.3 CA

3.6.4 CoMP

3.6.5 HetNet

3.6.6 eMBMS

Page83
Huawei eMBMS Network Architecture
Service Gateway PDN Gateway
S1-User Plane S5

S11
MCE
M3 SGi
MME
M2
S1-Control Plane Sm
SG-mb Content
M1
Provider
SGi-mb
UE eNodeB MBMS Gateway BM-SC

 NEs working for Huawei eMBMS feature:

 NE for higher layer: Content Provider, BM-SC, MBMS GW and
MME
 NE for eRAN: MCE, eNodeB and UE
MBMS Areas
• MBMS also utilize a number of “areas“. These include the MBSFN
Synchronization Area, MBSFN Area and MBSFN Area Reserved
Cell.

Page85
Comparison between Unicast
Transmission and MBSFN
Transmission
 Unicast transmission is used for normal LTE service

 MBSFN transmission is used for eMBMS service.

Unicast transmission MBSFN transmission

The signal of neighbor cells (P2,P3) and The UE combine signals of neighbor cells
noise(N) can be a interference resource to (P2,P3) and serving cell (P1), get a high
the useful signal(P1). MBSFN gain compare with uni-cast.

P1 P1+P2+P3
SINR = SINR =
P2+P3+N N
P1 P1

P2 P3 P2 P3

MBSFN: Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service Single Frequency Network

Page 86
Channel Mapping for eMBMS
LTE-A Key Technogies

Av. DL
Carrier 3.7bps/Hz High Order
[06-

Aggregation 2012]
MIMO

1. To boost LTE radio capacity

and spectrum efficiency
2. To fulfill ITU-R “IMT-
Advanced” recommendation

Coordinate
Av. UL HetNet
d Multi- 2.0bps/Hz
Point

Page88
LTE/LTE-A UE Categories and
Capabilities

3GPP R8/R9/R10 LTE UE (up to

20MHz):
• Cat 1, 2, 3, 4 (MIMO DL2x2，
UL1T2R)
• Cat5 (MIMO DL4x4, UL1T4R)

3GPP R10/R11 LTE-A UE

(up to 40MHz):
• Cat 6 (MIMO DL4x4,
UL1x2)
• Cat 7 (MIMO DL4x4,
UL2x4)
• Cat 8 (MIMO DL8x8,
UL4x4 or 4x8 )

Page89
 Contents
1. LTE Industry Briefing

2. LTE Network Architecture

3. LTE Air Interface Principles

4. eNodeB Product Overview

Page90
 Contents
4 eNodeB Product Overview
4.1 The Huawei eNB Family Overview

4.2 Operations and Maintenance

Page91
 Versatile Site solutions for Diversified
Deployment Scenarios
Distributed eNodeB Outdoor
Indoor eNodeB DBS3900 eNodeB
BTS3900
BTS 3900AL

Micro- eNodeB
BTS3202E

Outdoor eNodeB
BTS3900A
Indoor
eNodeB
BTS 3900L All-in-one design.
Compact, light
RFU RRU
weight. Support on
wall / on pole
Multimodal RRU Multimodal BBU installation.
• CDMA/WCDMA/LTE, or • 2U 19-in rack mount design
• GSM/UMTS//LTE • Simultaneous 2G/3G/4G operation
BBU

Page92
Application Scenario of BTS3900
 The BTS3900, the indoor macro base station, is applicable
to the indoor centralized installation scenario

Page93
Distributed Base Station
 DBS3900 for distributed
base stations for large
coverage area, site
construction difficult scene.

Page94
DBS3900 Scenarios
 Scenes including city coverage, rural coverage, indoor distribution,
highway, railway

Page95
SingleRAN Blade Site

Blade RRU
12 L  Seamless Installation

Blade BBU
12 L
 “0” Footprint

Blade Power

12 L
 Fast installation, saving 80%
deployment time

Blade Battery
 All RATs, all bands with high
28 L
capacity

Page96
Micro eNodeB BTS3203E
 The BTS3203E is an integrated base
station

 Low power consumption, simple

installation, easy deployment, and
loose site conditions

 Supports LTE and WLAN accesses

 Eliminate coverage holes and

expand capacity for network
hotspots in both indoor and
outdoor
Page97
LampSite Solution
 The LampSite
solution is used for
providing indoor
coverage in heavy-
traffic indoor
scenarios, such as
office buildings,
shopping malls, and
hotels.

Page98
LampSite Architecture

pRRU
• 3 mode,UL+WiFi
• U2.1GHz
• L1.8/ 2.1/2.6GHz
• Wi-Fi, 2.4&5GHz
Cat5/6 • Only 2.5L

RHUB
• POE for pRRU
• 4 level
Fiber cascade
• 8pRRU/rHUB
BBU

LampSite= BBU + RHUB + pRRU

Page99
 Contents
4 eNB Product Overview
4.1 The Huawei eNB Family Overview

4.2 Operations and Maintenance

Page100
Structure of Operation and
Maintenance System
M2000
Remote Maintenance Client

Local Maintenance

LMT

eNodeB M2000 Server

Page101
Functions of Operation and
Maintenance System
 Configuration Management

 Fault Management

 Performance Management

 Security Management

 Software Management

 Deployment Management

 Equipment / Inventory Management

Page102
 Questions
 The DBS3900 LTE is comprised of which elements?
a. BBU3900.

b. RRU.

c. LRFU.

d. TMC11H.

Page103
 Questions
 Which of the following comprise an O&M function?
a. Configuration Management.

b. Performance Management.

c. RF Management.

d. Deployment Management.

e. Access Control Management..

Page104
 Summary
1. LTE Industry Briefing

2. LTE Network Architecture

3. LTE Air Interface Principles

4. eNodeB Product Overview

Page105
Thank you
www.huawei.com