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Homework Problems

- The document contains homework problems on planes, lines, and distances between geometric objects in three dimensions. It provides parametric and implicit equations for planes and lines, as well as formulas for distances between points, points and planes/lines, and lines/planes. Example problems are worked out applying these concepts and formulas.

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Josh Man
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47 views2 pages

Homework Problems

- The document contains homework problems on planes, lines, and distances between geometric objects in three dimensions. It provides parametric and implicit equations for planes and lines, as well as formulas for distances between points, points and planes/lines, and lines/planes. Example problems are worked out applying these concepts and formulas.

Uploaded by

Josh Man
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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7/1/2008 PLANES/DISTANCES O.

Knill,Maths21a

This is part 1 (of 3) of the homework which is due July 8 at the beginning of class.

SUMMARY.
~ + t~v + sw
• ~r(t, s) = 0P ~ parametric equation for a plane. P = (x0 , y0 , z0 ) is a point ~v, w
~
are vectors.
• ax + by + cz = d, implicit equation for a plane. Solution: √
The vector ~v =√(P2 − P1 ) = (0, 2 2, −4) is parallel to the first edge, the vector w ~ =
~ + t~v parametric equation for a line, P a point, ~v is a vector.
• ~r(t) = 0P (P4 − P3 ) =√(2 6,√0, 0) is parallel to the second edge. The cross product of ~v and w~ is
• (x−x0 )
= (y−y0 )
= (z−z0 )
symmetric equation for a line. ~n = (0, −8 6, −8 3). The distance between √ the two edges is the scalar projection of
a b c P3 − P1 onto ~n. It is (P3 − P1 ).~n/|~n| = 2 3.
• Distance Point-Point d(P, Q) = |P~Q|.
4) (4 points) a) Find a parametric equation for the line through the point P = (3, 1, 2) that is
• Distance Point-Plane d(P, Σ) = |(P~Q) · ~n|/|~n|. perpendicular to the line L : x = 1 + t, y = 1 − t, z = 2t and intersects this line in a point Q.

• Distance Point-Line d(P, L) = |(P~Q) × ~u|/|~u|. Solution:


• Distance Line-Line d(L, M) = |(P~Q) · (~u × ~v )|/|~u × ~v |. b) The point Q = (1, 1, 0) is on the line. The vector ~v = (1, −1, 2) parallel to the line.
We have P − Q = (2, 0, 2). The vector ~n = ~v × (~v × (P − Q)) = (−6, −6, 0) is the
direction from P to the normal intersection with the line. The line can be given by
~r(t) = (3 − 6t, 1 − 6t, 2).

Homework Problems 5) (4 points) Compute the distance of P to L in the previous problem and verify that it is equal
to d(P, Q).
Solution: √
1) (4 points) Find the equation for the plane which contains the point P = (1, 2, 3) and the line
The solution is 2. You can get the answer using the distance formula |(P − Q) × v|/|v|.
which passes through Q = (3, 4, 4) and R = (1, 1, 2).
Solution:
A normal vector ~n = (1, −2, 2) = (a, b, c) of the plane ax + by + cz = d is obtained Challenge Problems
as the cross product of P − Q and R − Q With d = ~n · P = 3, we have the equation
x − 2y + 2z = 3. (Solutions to these problems are not turned in with the homework.)
2) (4 points) 1) Following some examples giving during lecture, can you write down distance formulas between
a) (3) Find the distance between the point (2, −1, 2) and the plane 4x − 2y + z = 2. a) A point and a sphere.
b) (1) If no absolute value is taken in the distance formula, what does the sign of the result b) A plane and a sphere.
say? c) Two spheres.
Solution: d) A line and a sphere.
a) The point Q = (0, 0, 2) is on the plane. The scalar √ projection of P − Q = (2, −1, 0)
onto the normal vector (4, −2, 1) of the plane is 10/ 21.
b) If (P − Q) · ~n/|~n| is positive, then the point P is on the side into which the normal
vector points.
√
3) (4 points)
√ A regular
√ tetrahedron √ has vertices
√ at the points P1 = (0, 0, 3),P2 = (0, 8, −1),
P3 = (− 6, − 2, −1) and P4 = ( 6, − 2, −1). Find the distance between two edges which
do not intersect.
2) How does one describe a three dimensional ”hyper-plane” in four dimensional space? Find a
parametric description and an implicit description.
3) Can you find a line and a two dimensional plane in R4 which are not parallel and which do not
intersect? How would you compute the distance between a line and a two dimensional plane
in R4 ?

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