Role of Government schemes and Initiatives for improving

Horticulture supply chain in Uttrakhand

Dissertation submitted to School of Business for the partial
fulfillment of the degree of

BBA (Logistics Management)

Mentor:
Mr. Shantanu Trivedi
Lecturer (CCE)
University of Petroleum and Energy Studies
Dehradun
Uttrakhand-248001
Submitted by:

Suramya Kapoor
Enrollment Number: R380217034
Sap ID: 500059523

School Of Business
University of Petroleum and Energy Studies
Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India
April, 2020

Page 1 of 58
 LETTER OF AUTHORIZATION

Dated: 16th April 2010

Ms. Geeta Hegde

The Dean- School of Business
University of Petroleum and Energy Studies
Kandholi
Dehradun
Uttrakhand- 248007

Subject: submission of the Dissertation

Dear Madam,
Please find the enclosed Dissertation on the topic: “Role of Government
schemes and Initiatives for improving Horticulture supply chain in
Uttrakhand” A study of the latest schemes in Horticulture” as a partial
requirement in semester 6 for the completion of BBA Logistics Management
for your kind evaluation and success.

Yours Sincerely

Suramya Kapoor
SAP ID - 500059523
BBA Logistics Management
Semester- 6

Page 2 of 58
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project titled “Role of Government

schemes and Initiatives for improving Horticulture supply
chain in Uttrakhand” submitted to University of petroleum and
energy studies, Dehradun by Suramya Kapoor in partial
fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor in Business Administration
in Logistics Management is a bonafide work carried out by his
under my guidance and supervision. This particular work has not
been submitted anywhere else for any other degree. To the best of
our knowledge he has made an earnest and dedicated effort to
accomplish this project

I wish him all the very best for his future endeavors.

Mr. Shantanu Trivedi

School Of Business
University of Petroleum and Energy Studies
Dehradun

Page 3 of 58
 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY

I hereby declare that this Dissertation report entitled “Role of

Government schemes and Initiatives for improving Horticulture
supply chain in Uttrakhand” which is being submitted in partial
fulfillment for the award of the degree of BBA Logistics
Management is the result of the project carried out by me under the
guidance and supervision of Mr. Shantanu Trivedi

I hereby declare that no one has not previously submitted this

project report in any other institution/university for any other
degree or diploma.

Page 4 of 58
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Dissertation Report entitled “Role of

Government schemes and Initiatives for improving Horticulture
supply chain in Uttrakhand” submitted to the university in partial
fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of BBA
Logistics Management is a record of the original research work
done by Suramya Kapoor during the period of the study 2017-
2020, in the department of management at University Of Petroleum
and Energy Studies, Dehradun under my supervision and guidance.

Page 5 of 58
 Student Declaration

I hereby declare that this dissertation submission is my very

own work and is to the most effective of my knowledge and belief,
it contains no material previously published or written by another
person nor material which has been accepted for the award of the
other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of
upper learning, except where due acknowledgment has been
made within the text.

Signature of the Student

Suramya Kapoor
500059523
R380217034
BBA Logistics Management
2017-2020
School of Business, UPES

Page 6 of 58
 Acknowledgment

I would like to thank the course co-ordinator Mr. Pradeep Chauhan

to provide me with the chance to work on my Dissertation.

Further, I would like to thank my faculty mentor, Mr. Shantanu

Trivedi to guide me and help me in making my Dissertation.

Lastly, I would like to thank all my colleagues, friend and family

members who helped me in completing my Dissertation.

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 Table of Content

Serial no. Content Page no.

1. Introduction 10-12
2. List of schemes administered by NHB 13-15
3. List of Uttrakhand Horticulture Dept. 16-17
Schemes & Uses
4. Aims & Objectives of the Schemes 18-19
5. Sample of subsidy form 20-21
6. Horticulture Supply chain flowchart 22
7. About Uttrakhand 23
8. Literature Review 24-33
9. Objectives 34
10. Research Methodology 34-35
11. Flow Chart 36
12. Problems in Horticulture Supply chain in 37-38
Uttrakhand
13. Data Analysis 38-50
14. Conclusion 51-53
15. Bibliography 54
16. Annexure / Questionnaire 55-57

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 Table of Figures

Serial Images and Charts Page No.

No.
1. Horticulture Fruits and vegetables 12
image
2. Horticulture flowers image 12
3. Horticulture National Board Site 19
4. Sample Subsidy form 20-21
5. Horticulture Supply chain 23
Flowchart
6. Uttrakhand Land Coverage pie 24
chart
7. Uttrakhand Agriculture 24
coverage
8. Flow Diagram 37
9. Pie Charts of Data collection 39-50
10. Bibliography 54

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 Introduction

Problem Statement

Improper government scheme preparation and implementation for

horticulture supply chain is leading to loss and wastage of fruits
and vegetables in Uttrakhand.

Background

Horticulture sector at the most basic level art of cultivating

the fruits, plants, vegetables, mushrooms, flowers, & ornamental
plants and much more. Horticultural crops i.e. fruits and vegetable
acquire a place of importantance as a sensitive crop. They provide
much needed health supporting vitamins, minerals. Besides, their
value in human consumption, horticultural crops play
an important role in commerce, particularly in export trade and
processing industry.

India’s horticulture crop production is around 300 million

tons per year, has not only brought prosperity to small and
marginal farmer but also provided food and nutritional security to
the nation. India is ranked as the second largest producer of fruits
and vegetables in the world; horticulture in India has today
emerged as one of the most important sectors for diversification in
agriculture. NHB’s contribution in this direction has been
multidimensional in all aspects as it supports the farmers to face
challenges of the globalized market with improved production,
post-harvest management and value addition through its board

Page 10 of 58
based horticulture driven innovative UK schemes since the year
1998-2000.

After the launch of this mission for Intergrated Development

of Horitculture since 2014, it has became imperative for NHB to
reposition itself and assume a role for accelerating the planning
development of commercial horticulture sector. To achieve these
schemes of National HB it has been modified to generate synergy
with another sub-schemes of MIDH and fulfill the aim of
developing of horticulture sector by removal of the overlapping. It
may be noticed that while a number of existing schemes
components continued to be operational with necessary
modification, the government has approved higher level of subsidy
of 40% for open field cultivation and 50% for protected cultivation
to maintain parity with the schemes of NHM under MIDH.

The present compendium of NHB schemes with revised and

simplified procedures of horticulture schemes with regard to Letter
of Intent (LOI) has been designed to serve the hard working
farmers more effectively & efficiently. There are Several attractive
measures such as simplified application form with minimal
documents for subsidy, voluntary (LOI) system, relaxation from
mandetory credit link in certain cases releases 100% estimated
subsidy in advance, attractive cost norms for farmers and pattern of
assistance, reduced area restriction for open field cultivation etc.
are some of the salient features of the new UK government
schemes. The present schemes for developing and transferring of

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technology, horticulture promoting and market info system have
had been made more focused.

It is for sure that the schemes lead to increase in productivity

and improved post-harvest management also pre-harvest
management and marketing with emphasis in quality which in turn
will encourage the farmers in every aspect of Horticulture that
includes exports.

Image 1: Fruits and vegetables

Image 2: Flower

Page 12 of 58
 List of the Schemes Administered by NHB:

National Horticulture board has programs as sub-schemes of Mission for

integrated developement of horticulture in UK (MIDH). NHB also looks
after the national level TSG under MIDH including NHM and NBM and
extend administrative, Logistics supply and personal support towards their
Implementations. List is as follows:

1. Development of a business Horticulture through production and

post-harvest management of horticulture crops.
2. Capital Investment subsidy scheme for construction/ Expansion/
Modernization of cold storages/shortage of Horticulture products.
3. Technology development and transfer for promotion of
Horticulture.
4. Market information scheme for horticulture sector.
5. Horticulture promotion services.

1. Development of a business Horticulture through production

and post-harvest management of horticulture crops
NHB has haunted integrated commercial horticulture development
projects in open field areas on project mode, including the
planting material, plantation, harvesting, irrigation fertilization
etc. for projects covering over 5 acres of land. Cost of variation of
latest plantation will depend upon the crops. The components like
farm machinery and infrastructure, irrigation and micro irrigation
etc shall be eligible under the schemes for assistance in the
existing/ new orchards/ projects to expand productivity.

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2. Capital Investment subsidy scheme for construction/
Expansion/ Modernization of cold storages/shortage of
Horticulture products
Credit link projects associated with cold storages including
controlled atmosphere and their modernization are eligible
for assistance under this component. Subsidy needn’t be a
credit link for public sectors provided they meet remaining
share of the project cost out of their own resources. Cold
storage is essentially employed by the mushrooms because
they’re required to be stored in cold areas for healthy
improvements. This activity comes under the pre-harvest
cropping where the development for the correct storage of
horticulture plants are often done.

3. Technological progess and promotion of Horticulture in

Uttrakhand region

NBH has been taking measures for putting up of mother plants and
root stock nursery. Technological development can increase the
exports or imports which will increase the productivity and of
horticulture crops. NHB is taking measures with the farmers to
develop technology even for long distance supplies. Promotion of
crops and market development. Visiting the seminars or workshops
for his/her developments.

4. Market information scheme for horticulture sector.

Generating the data of market share prices, arrivals, new

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trends in the various markets of the country like fruits, vegetables,
flowers etc and also the retails sectors then analyzing the market
stands to grow within market. Helping farmers to gain nationwide
communication among the supplier for a better development and
growth in the sector. Market information is gathered by collecting
the data base and strengthening the existing system of crop
estimation survey of fruits and vegetables. Government also takes
initiatives to develop technology packages into electronic form to
be shared through IT.

5. Horticulture promotion services.

Government is taking initiatives to push the services of
horticulture within the market by reviewing this situation within
the market of the state and identifying where there's an absence.
Preparing the first and secondary data out of the outcomes and
planning for long run and short term strategies. Providing the
consultancy services to the farmers. Preparing the
reports regarding exports from the areas and so identifying the
wants of the arena is completed by NHB for the farmers in
assistance from the govt. of Uttrakhand.

Page 15 of 58
 Following is the list of major Uttrakhand Horticulture
Department Schemes

Sr. Uttrakhand Rajya Yojna name Yojna Use

No.
1. Madhu-Makkhi Yojna Production of fruits &
Honey supplies
2. Ughano ki Ghedbad Yojna To save animals
3. Bazaar Hastshape Yojna Betterment of fruits
production
4. Mushroom Utpadan Yojna For
production/Infrastructure
of Mushrooms
5. Fasal Bima Yojna Production of fruits
according to weather
6. Anushushit Jaati Yojna For vegetables and
spices production
7. Anushushit Janjati Yojna For potatoes production
8. Mukhyamantri Sarshit Ughaan Vegetables production
Yojna inside the Polyhouses
9. Bore well Sthapana Yojna For irrigation purposes
10. Polyhouses Polythene Yojna Outer cover of
Polyhouses
(Infrastructure)
11. Paudhropan Yojna Awareness for growing
plants to schools, public
sectors etc
12. Uttrakhand Bemausam Sabji For vegetables growing
Yojna in not suitable weather

Page 16 of 58
13. Fal Paudshalao Yojna For small fruits
production
14. Jaivik Baagwani Kheti Yojna Gardening
15. Akhrot Giridhar Yojna For dry fruits production
16. Rajya Khaad Prasanskaran Yojna For Soil improvements
and business
17. Mrid Prayogshala Yojna For rural areas where
there is no supply of
chemicals/infrastructure
etc
18. Masala Mirch Protsaha Yojna Red spices, normal
spices
19. Vermi-Compost Yojna For promoting Jaivik
plantation in state and
giving employment and
women empowerment
20. Mission Apple Yojna More of apple
production in the state.

Aims and Objectives of the Schemes

Page 17 of 58
1. Development of high tech commercial horticulture in identified
belts and makes such areas vibrant with horticulture activity which
reciprocally acts as hubs of development of horticulture.
2. Development of recent post-harvest management infrastructure as
an integral a part of area expansion projects.
3. Development of integrated, energy efficient cold chain
infrastructure for fresh horticulture production.
4. Popularization of latest technologies/tools that are being disbursed.
5. Assistance in security availability of quality planting material by
promoting putting from scion and root stock banks/mother plant
nurseries and desires based imports of planting material.
6. Promotion and market development of fresh horticulture produce.
7. Promotion of field trials of newly developed plants, materials and
other farm inputs, production technology, R&D programs etc.
8. Promotion of farm mechanization in horticulture through
demonstration and its uses as farmers field level to cut short labour
cost and increase the productivity of horticulture crops.
9. Promotion of applied R&D for standardizing PHM protocols
prescribing critical storage conditions for the fresh crops, cold chains,
infrastructure etc.
10. Transfer of technology to the farmers, service personals, gardeners,
workers, operators in cold chain
11. Promotion of consumption of horticulture products.
12. Promoting the provision for supply chain of horticulture to long
distance areas in urban similarly as rural areas of Uttrakhand.
13. Completing survey and studies to spot constraints in production
and provide supply chain of horticulture in Uttrakhand.

Page 18 of 58
14. Lastly is to create the farmers consious of the government schemes
for pre harvest and post-harvest of the crops within the best and
suitable manner.

Image: National Horticultural Board site

The Sample of Uttrakhand horticulture Subsidy form

Page 19 of 58
Page 20 of 58
Page 21 of 58
 Horticulture Supply chain Flowchart

The above horticulture supply chain flowchart shows the steps

carried out for the supply chain of horticulture sector

Starting with the energy production which takes place in farms, cold
chains, polyhouses etc cultivation of plant material is the initial step to
begin with which grows to become a crop. The crop is then processed
with chemicals and treatments to keep it healthy with the help of
material production. Side by side the waste disposable also takes place as
as to control the yiest and bacteria which may infect the plants and
destroy them.

Once the processing is done, packing takes place which is different

for all different types of plants. Distribution is done according to the
shipper and consignee. The retail purchases the crop and sell them in the
market. Ones disposal are wasted.

Page 22 of 58
 About Uttrakhand

Uttarakhand, a state in northern India crossed by the

Himalayas, is known for its diverse climatic zone where it is
divided into 4 regions. Tarai region, mid-hill region, high-hill
region and plain region. The has the Jim Corbett National Park
which shelters Bengal tigers and other wildlife animals.

Uttrakhand Land Coverage pie chart

Page 23 of 58
 :

Review of Literature

Seria Paper Title Author Objectiv Findings GAP

l No. e
1. Uttarakhand [ CITATION To take What all This research
Mod09 \l 1033 ]
State up the are the shows the activities
Cooperative value activities of processing fruits
Federation: addition which add and vegetables and
Can it Help activities value to retailing but not the
the for the government

Page 24 of 58
 Horticulture processin processing schemes to support
Farmers? g of fruits of horticulture.
and horticultur
vegetable e growth
s
2. Baseline [ CITATION To collect Study on In this, collection
Tut13 \l 1033 ]
Data on data on the of data of the
Horticultural area, problems horticulture crops
Crops in productio encounter was done to give
Uttarakhand n and ed by the solution on
yield of grass-root estimation of crops.
horticultu officials The paper does not
ral crops while look into the
and collecting government
compare data on schemes to help the
with the the farmers to grow
baseline horticultur horticulture crops.
data al crops The paper focuses
collected and on Uttrakhand
by the problems region specifically
Horticult in but does not seek
ure estimation for benefits and
departme of problems of
nt, horticultur cultivation in
Uttrakhan al crops Uttrakhand.
d.
3. Biodiversity [ CITATION To Present This paper shows
Kum09 \l 1033 ]
in evaluate conditions the conditions of

Page 25 of 58
 Uttrakhand the of the present crops
Himalaya present horticultur and mainly focuses
region condition e and on biodiversity but
s of medicinal not seeking the
resources plants in advantages of
as a form Uttrakhan government
of natural d schemes for the
vegetatio development of
n, farmers and crops.
agricultur
al crops,
horticultu
ral
farming,
herbs, tea
garden
practices
and
economic
developm
ent of the
Uttaranch
al
Himalaya
.
4. Development [ CITATION To Area wise This paper focuses
Mit08 \l 1033 ]
Strategy for improve productivi on the growth of
the Hill social ty of crops crops area wise in
Page 26 of 58
 Districts of condition and reason Uttrakhand and
Uttarakhand s in the of revenue conditions in the
state and for state which is
to have developm necessary to
Agricultu ent of improve indicators
ral areas in like health
productiv Uttrakhan conditions, water
ity and d availability,
movemen electricity,
t from sanitation, and
traditiona infrastructure like
l to roads, markets, and
modern telecommunication
farming s and the help from
for the government on
developm development
ent of the aspect. This paper
state seeks for
development of
region where as we
are looking for help
from government
in horticulture only.
5. A [ CITATION To Year wise This paper focuses
Sur15 \l 1033 ]
SCIENTOM observe distributio on the growth of
ETRIC authorshi n pattern, horticulture in india
ANALYSIS p pattern relative from 2010 to 2014
OF THE and To growth where as our paper
Page 27 of 58
 “INDIAN find rate, focus on the region
JOURNAL relative doubling of Uttrakhand that
OF growth time, to initiatives taken
HORTICUL rate and geographi by government for
TURE” doubling cal development of
(2010-2014) time for distributio horticulture supply
publicatio ns and chain.
ns collaborati
on
research in
field
Horticultu
re
6. Horticulture [ CITATION To know The major Basically this paper
Hor97 \n \l
in India & its the status constraints is a study on the
1033 ]
production, of in cultivation in India
Marketing horticultu limitation in early days. This
and re status of paper does not
processing. of India production focus on the
in detail, , Exports government
Its plantation schemes and is also
exports & s, Data of not limited to
imports when and Uttrakhand but is
and how where and India wide.
to how much
Overcom crop is
e the cultivated
problems in a year.
Page 28 of 58
 faced in
Horticult
ure sector
in earlier
times.
7. Super market [ CITATION To The fruits This research paper
Das12 \l 1033 ]
supply chain explore and mainly focus on the
of the ways vegetable fruits and
Horticulture or super commoditi vegetables and not
in India : Its markets es reaches broadly the
model, effect models the final horticulture. This
& policies that will consumer paper gave a lot of
integrate through knowledge about
the small various the horticulture
and SC supply chain In
marginal channels. india and how it
farmers Exports can be resolved and
with are told to accelerated more
supply be done and more according
chain for better to the farmers need.
system in response. It is not on the
India Private study of
retail Uttrakhand or on
markets government
are always schemes but is a
beneficial. study of supply
chain as a whole.
This paper was best
Page 29 of 58
 to my Logistics
Knowledge.
8. IMPACT [ CITATION To access How This research paper
Cha11 \l 1033 ]
STUDY of the much the is of the
NATIONAL impact on West government
HORTICUL horticultu Bengal schemes of West
TURE re in Horticultu Bengal. This paper
MISSION terms of re was a good
SCHEME IN increase Governme example of
WEST in area of nt comparison of the
BENGAL productio schemes Uttrakhand
n, help the government
populatio farmers to schemes and West
n and grow the Bengal schemes
productiv crops and that help the
ity of maintain farmers for their
crops and them, growth. In 2011
also to subsidy Uttrakhand used to
identify provisions lack behind for the
how , Profits, better government
much the GDP of schemes for
West various Horticulture
Bengal food whereas west
governme commoditi Bengal was in a
nt scheme es, growth growth stage from
has rate every then.
helped in year in
horticultu Bengal
Page 30 of 58
 re sector due to
for schemes,
income of Area wise
farmers cultivation
and also charts and
To their
suggest growth
17. Supply chain [ CITATION To find Finding This particular
Ana15 \l 1033 ]
of fruits and out issues the main paper gives a vast
vegetables in Supply areas of knowledge of the
Agribusiness chain of issues and Supply chain in
in fruits and challenges Uttrakhand region.
Uttrakhand: vegetable in the This is a similar
Major issues s in growth of paper to the topic.
and Uttrakhan fruits and It focuses on the
challenges d and to vegetables famers awareness,
Suggest in pre-harvest and
mitigatio Uttrakhan post-harvest
n d region, schemes and the
strategies cold chain issues related to it.
for issues, It identifies the
challenge infrastruct issues faced in this
s in this ural sector. Only
sector. issues, difference is that it
Packing & does not have the
technologi depth of the
cal issues government
and also schemes and is
Page 31 of 58
 seeking compressed to
the fruits and
knowledg vegetables supply
e of the chain whereas this
farmers topic is related to
awareness the whole
of Horticulture sector.
financial
help by
Governme
nt
18. Sustainable [ CITATION To This paper This paper depicts
Bha11 \l 1033 ]
Agriculture identify clearly the value chain
for the shows the analysis of the
Increasing problems value Horticulture
Efficiency of of the chain in particularly
Tomato & stakehold terms of Tomotoes in the
Horitculture - ers of handling, state of
Value Chain Value value Uttrakhand.The
in chain and addition paper shows how
Uttarakhand, To also and much the farmers
2011 check the packing tend to grow and
margin at and also what they get
which the found out instead. This paper
farmer the does not focus on
suffers in different government
the levels of schemes and
makr.et value supply chain but
Page 32 of 58
chains. focuses on the
The flow value chain
chart in between the farmer
this paper and the end
shows the consumer. It can be
amount of said that Valur
chains that chain is the part of
form Supply chain
between Management that
the farmer adds much more
and end value to the product
consumer i.e. the incurred
costs.

Page 33 of 58
 Objectives

 To identify existing government schemes to improve

Horticulture supply chain in Uttrakhand region.
 To identify gaps or issues in existing scheme implemented
for improving Horticulture supply chain in Uttrakhand.

Research Methodology

 Type of Research: This research will be conducted on the

basis of gaining knowledge and knowing the uses of
schemes by the government. Two types of research models
used are Exploratory and Descriptive research where
Exploratory research tries to understand a subject of study in
a preliminary way. Research designs for exploratory work
usually depend on direct observation of a small selection of
what is to be studied and on the other hand Descriptive
research include the case study, naturalistic observation,
surveys, archival research, longitudinal research, and cross-

Page 34 of 58
 sectional research. Experiments are conducted in order to
determine cause-and-effect relationships.
 Source of Data: The research will be both Primary as well as
secondary. Primary research was done by doing to the farms
and collecting data and information whereas secondary data
was gathered from National Horticulture Board operational
guidelines books issued by the government.
 Sampling: Primary research will be done in some farms of
the rural areas of Uttrakhand in which some questions were
asked about the Pre-harvest of the Jarbera flowers, Orchards
and Honey bee. The process of growing crops and the
schemes or subsidies that the State government and the
Central government provide to the farmers to support them
in their farming/field work and also the post-harvest schemes
by the government for helping the suppliers to reach the
market. Farmers are hence motivated by the government
schemes to grow more.

Page 35 of 58
  Flow diagram:

Introduction/ List of NHB List of UK

Background schemes Horticulture dept.
Schemes

Horticulture
Supply Chain
Objectives Literature Review Flowchart

Research Data Analysis Annexure/Questionnair

Methodology e

Conclusion

Page 36 of 58
Problems in Horticulture Supply chain in Uttrakhand

A total of ten problems in horticultural production in

Uttrakhand were identified and, poor access to inputs, high fuel
costs, pests and diseases, high input costs, insufficient
infrastructure, lack of finance, shortage of skilled labour, and
breakdown of irrigation systems were found to be the
main production problems.
• At a time when there's considerable farm unrest within
the country, there's a paradigm shift happening in Indian
agriculture within the shape of a horticulture revolution.
• Data from the ministry reveals that the assembly of
horticultural crops in 2016-17 outstripped food product output
for the fifth year during a row.
• The proven fact that the record horticultural harvest of 295
million tonnes has been gathered from just one-fifth of the
world under food product may be a significant aspect.
• It is additionally noteworthy that this surge has crop

Page 37 of 58
 up without the type of state support and funding that triggered
the cereals-based revolution within the 1960s and 1970s.
• Horticulture has received merely 3.9 to 4.6 per cent of the
broad agriculture sector’s annual plan outlay since the Ninth
Five-Year Plan.
• However, if the costs of horticultural produce are allowed to
slip unabated, the way they need done this year, the uptrend in
output could also be difficult to sustain.
• Uttrakhand has approximately 35 cold storages. The region
needs additional 20.40 Lakh MT of cold storages

DATA ANALYSIS

PRIMARY DATA ANALYSIS

The following data was collected from the Farmers primarily

without hurting the sentiments of the farmers. The below data
clearly divides how much the farmers use the government schemes,
subsidies, Storage areas, transport etc .

Raw data or primary data could be a term for data collected at

source. This kind of data is obtained directly from first hand
sources by means of surveys, observations and experimentation
and not subjected to any processing or manipulation and also called
primary data. Sources of primary data are the observation and
therefore the questionnaire method. A questionnaire consisting of
10 questions was prepared to gather data from the farmers of two

Page 38 of 58
different age bracket: Age 16-30 years (teenagers and young
adults) and therefore the other age group is 31-45 years (adults).

Types of Horticulture plantation in Uttrakhand

In the survey done for the types of crops grown in Dehradun it has
been seen that Fruits & vegetables growth is 41.2% of the total
growth, Flowers are growth in 41.2% in Dehradun, Mushrooms are
growth in 11.8% of the total growth because the care and
infrastructural costs are very high for mushrooms whereas
medicinal & Aromatic growth is far less than the above with just
5.8% of the total. Tuber crops does not grow in Dehradun as per
the survey done.

Page 39 of 58
Proper Facility of Storage

In the questionnaire it was asked by the farmers if they had the

proper facility of storing their crops healthy in which 76.5% had
the proper facility to store the crops according to its needs whereas
23.5% of the farmers who are too poor and unaware does not have
a proper facility of storage. Due to proper facility the crops remain
unhealthy at times and is not suitable for the market in harsh
conditions.

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Uttrakhand Rajya Sector Yojna mostly used in state

This question was the most interesting question among all the
others as this question was accurately matching to the research. In
this as the graph shows 8.3% people use the 7 Years crop exam
yojna, 8.3% people use the borewell sthapan yojna, 8.3% people
use the fasal beema yojna,

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8.3% people use the NABARD, 8.3% people use the NHB yojnas,
8.3% people use the Pradhan Mantri fasal beema yojna but the
highest used Yojna is NHM which is 16.7%.

How the farmers got awareness of the above Yojnas

After seeking for the Yojna responses, the questions were asked
that how the farmers came to know about the Yojnas in which
28.6% farmers got to know from their friends and families, 21.4%
got to know from Newspapers and magazines, 28.6% farmers got
to know from the local Government candidates and lastly 21.4%
farmers got to know from the Government sites. The local
candidates of the Government in gram panchayats also may a

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major role in advertising the schemes, subsidies and benefits from
government to the farmers who cannot use technology.

Transportation of Crops

As we all know transportation is the major cost incurred during any

operation, so farmers were aksed how do they transfer their crops
from one place to another where 58.8% farmers use their own
transport and 41.2% farmers who do not have their own transport
take the help of the outside logistics partners to deliver their crops
according to the market demand.

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Product for the Crop

In the survey the farmers were being asked what kind of product
doi they use for their crops to produce them healtly. After the
survey it was found that 94.1% for the farmers use the Agro-
Chemicals while 6.9% of the farmers use the animal/cattle feed. No
farmer uses that consumer goods for the crops.
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Use of Uttrakhand Government schemes

The chart shows that the farmers think the uttrakhand government
schemes are best for all the services that the government gives to
the farmers to grow more and more crops. 52.9% go for all the
services which 23.5% farmers go mainly for buying of raw

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materials/chemicals, 11.8% of the farmers go for production and
lastly 11.8% of the farmers go for Logistics and supply chain.

Pre-Harvest or Post-Harvest schemes

The farmers gave their opinion that the government schemes are
more useful in the pre-harvest of the crops where the production
actually takes places rather than the post-harvest cropping that
happens after the production like the packing, labeling,

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transportation etc. 70.6% of the farmers gave for pre-harvest where
as 29.4% of the farmers gave for post-harvest.

Pre-Harvest VS Post-Harvest

Storage area

Only 17.6% of the farmers use Public warehouses or storage areas

for their crops, majorly 82.4% farmers use their own private
storage areas.

Wastage of crops

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The wastage of crops on monthly basis data shown by the farmers
that less than 5% wastage is of 41.2% where as 28.8% farmers
voted for 5% to 20% of crops gets wasted in a month due to
weather or storage or improper care

Financial Impact due to Covid-19 Lockdown

The questionnaire contained nowadays major situation of

lockdown due to covid-19 (Corona Virus). There is only some
amount of profit rest is more of loss. 11.8% have less profit
compared to normal days, 11.8% have no profit no loss after the
lockdown strikes, where as taking about the losses- 41.2% farmers

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are having loss on their crops and 29.4% are going through heavy
losses.

Use of Government schemes during Lockdown

Farming being the essential service according to the government of

India, still there is a market downfall for the farmers as their supply
is going inappropriate. 64.7% farmers believe that the government
schemes are not useful in such critical times when they actually
need support where as 34.3% of the farmers still see a hope in

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Government and say that the schemes are useful at this point of
time.

Logistics in Lockdown

The major issue LOGISTICS is a concern among everyone due to

government rules, so the farmers were asked if there are facing
challenge in supplying their materials for one place to another. The
outcome was that more than half i.e. 52.9% farmers said that there
is no logistics supply in this situation of lockdown where as the
ones who use essential service logistics partners who have the
permission are comfortable in supplying i.e. 47.1% of farmers.

Overall Satisfaction from Uttrakhand Government

Horticulture Schemes

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So the questionnaire concluded with the overall opinion of the
farmers whether they are satisfied or not with the Uttrakhand
government horticulture schemes in which the farmers could easily
express themselves as 52.9% of the farmers are satisfied overall
after their schemes whereas 35.3% of farmers are neutral which
means not satisfied but also now dissatisfied.

Hence, The questionnaire survey collected gave us all the ideas that
how much the production is used/wasted by a farmer, their storage,
logistics/supply chain management of the crops, the pre-harvest
and post-harvest activities of the farmers and the support they get
from the Uttrakhand government and farmer’s satisfaction level.

CONCLUSION

The study conducted here on the provision of supply chain of

horticulture sector in Uttarakhand suggest that there's an improper
supply chain management, lack of non-public infrastructure and
also crop processing units which are resulting in maximum wastage
of crops and which are resulting to huge losses of horticulture
department and hardworking farmers in Uttarakhand and India

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as an entire system the complete supply chain of horticulture in
Uttarakhand is in issue with the problem of post-harvest activity
losses and wastages thanks to the long and fragmented chain,
dependency on intermediaries, poor road infrastructure, not so
good mandi system, inadequate infrastructure facilities, high cost
of packaging, poor quality of distribution, weak link in supply
chain etc. which resulting to poor price realization of growers on
one hand and exorbitant prices paid by consumers on the
opposite end. Highly down supply chain and cold chain
infrastructure is that the major impediment within the path of
speedy growth of horticulture sector in Uttarakhand. Uttarakhand
horticulture sector is a very growing sector and presents a
large opportunity for the agriculture business and therefore
the development of the agricultural areas through putting in the
cold chain infrastructure, polyhouses and food processing units.
However there may be various challenges regarding the
provision chain as discussed above which constitutes serious
impacts for horticulture sector and are affecting the
expansion of the event of Uttarakhand state. As Uttarakhand
economy relies on agriculture, there's a necessity to develop proper
supply chain models which can play a crucial role in increasing
the time period and successively reduce the losses and wastages in
horticulture & increase in farmer income, generate employments
opportunities for local farmer peoples, and improve the livelihood
of the farmers which ends up in the event of Uttarakhand and
Indian economy as an entire.

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On the other hand taking about the schemes of the government, it
has been helpful to some of the farmers in majority but not to the
way too rural farmers who are not even aware about the schmes
and subsidies of the govt. Government is trying their best to help
the farmers in all aspects be it any crop of horticulture but still
some farmers’ face issue with the government schemes. The gaps
in the govt schemes are mainly that farmers are not aware of so
much schemes. The Uttrakhand government schemes mainly
focuses on pre-harvest more than the post-harvest like the supply
chain so the farmers are not helped in terms of supply.

Where Uttrakhand Government schemes lacks?....

 Mainly Post-harvest activities

 Awareness to the interior rural areas
 Helping hand in the Lockdown situation nowadays
 No focus on a particular crop to make it state’s crop

What Government can do?

 Increase the schemes for post-harvest activities as the
government schemes lack for the after plantation schemes or
subsidies. Its main focus is on pre-harvest. Government
should take initiatives for like packaging, transportation,
advertising etc.
 Awareness activities in the rural areas must increase to make
the farmers aware of the number of schemes which can be
useful for them.

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  The most critical and needful activity nowadays is the
government help to the farmers in the lockdown situation.
The survey also shows that the farmers are having huge
losses even being an essential service of cultivation.
Government schemes prevention of losses must be done so
the very poor farmers do not suffer in hunger and can supply
their crops in the region. This critical situation needs help
from the government schemes because even in survey the
farmers refused that the uttrakhand government schemes are
not useful in this situation.

This is the most important point in the conclusion is that in such

lockdown situation in Covid-19, food and horticulture being an
essential supply to the nation is also going in a huge loss and the
farmers are complaining that the government schemes in this
critical situation is not working out good for them. Hence, The full
dissertation shows the critical situation of farmers in Uttrakhand
and how they are being helped by the State government.

Bibliography
Bharadwaj, R., Sikka, B., Sharma, M., Ashutosh, S., & Singh, N. (2011). Sustainable
Agriculture for Increasing Efficiency of Tomato & Horitculture - Value Chain in
Uttarakhand, 2011. International Conference on Technology and Business
Management , 26.

Page 54 of 58
G.L., k. (1997). Horticulture in India & its production, marketing and process. Indian
counsil of agricultural research , 1-573.

Gilati, H. (2009). uttarakhand farerds. delhi: smkjvbf.

Kali, C. S. (2011). IMPACT STUDY OF THE NATIONAL horticulture mission in WEST

Bengal. Agro Economic Research Center , 166.

Kumari, P., & Tewari, L. (2009). Biodiversity in Uttrakhand Himalaya region.

Department of Botany, D. S. B. Campus, Kumaun University Nainital-263002,
Uttrakhand, India , 113-125.

M.B., D., & T.K. (2012). Super market supply chain of Horticulture in India. KRISHI , 1.

Mittal, S., Tripathi, G., & Sethi, D. (2008). Development Strategy for the Hill. INDIAN
COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS , 217.

Modi, P., Mishra, D., Gulati, H., & Murugeshan, k. (2009). Uttarakhand State
Cooperative Federation: Can it Help the Horticulture Farmers? Institute of Rural
Management, Anand (IRMA) , 53-61.

Neeraj, A., & Saurav, N. (2015). Supply chain of fruits and vegetables Agribusiness in
Uttrakhand: Major issues and challenges. ResearchGate , 57.

Suresh, C., Hema, R., & Sanskarasubramanyam, N. (2015). A SCIENTOMETRIC

ANALYSIS OF THE "INDIAN JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE"(2010-2014). Asia Pacific
Journal of Research , 86-97.

Tuteja, U. (2013). Baseline Data on Horticultural Crops in Uttarakhand. Agricultural

Economics Research Centre , 1-122.

[ CITATION shm10 \l 1033 ]

ANNEXURE / QUESTIONNAIRE

Page 55 of 58
Q1. What is the type of Horticulture plantation do you have ?

o Fruits & Vegetables

o Flowers
o Mushrooms
o Medicinal & Aromatic
o Tuber crops

Q2. Is there a proper facility for keeping the production healthy ?

o Yes
o No

Q3. Which Uttrakhand Rajya Sector Yojna do you use often for
production of Crop ?

Ans. ----------------------

Q4. How did you get to know about the above Yojna ?

o Friends & Families

o Newspaper/Magazines
o Government Sites
o Local Government candidate

Q5. How do you transport your produce ?

o By your own
o Outside Logistics Partner

Q6. Which product do you buy for crop?

o Agro-Chemicals (Fertilizers, Seeds, Pesticides etc.)

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 o Consumer goods (Refines oil, Canned products etc.)
o Animal/Cattle feed (Cattle feed, pig feed, Poultry, etc)

Q7. Which Uttrakhand Government schemes are usually more

useful?

o Buying of raw materials/chemicals

o Production of crops/infrastructure
o Logistics/ Supply chain
o All of the above

Q8. Which Uttrakhand Government Scheme is more useful?

o Pre-harvest Schemes
o Post-harvest Schemes

Q9. Which storage area do you use?

o Private
o Public

Q10. How much percentage of crop is wasted on monthly basis?

o <5%
o 5% - 20%
o >20%

Q11. What production impact are you suffering due to Lockdown

situation nowadays (Covid-19)?

o Profit

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 o Less Profit
o No profit/No loss
o Loss
o More loss

Q12. Are the government schemes useful in such Lockdown

situations also being it an essential service?

o Yes
o No

Q13. Is the Logistics/Supply of Crops possible nowadays to critical

areas?

o Yes
o No

Q14. What is the overall satisfaction level regarding the

Uttrakhand Government schemes?

o Highly satisfied
o Satisfied
o Normal
o Dissatisfaction

Highly dissatisfaction

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