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Comparative Analysis of Software Development Methods between Parallel, V-

Shaped and Iterative

Article  in  International Journal of Computer Applications · July 2017

DOI: 10.5120/ijca2017914605

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 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 169 – No.11, July 2017

Comparative Analysis of Software Development

Methods between Parallel, V-Shaped and Iterative

Suryanto Nugroho Sigit Hadi Waluyo Luqman Hakim

Department of Information System Department of Information Department of Informatics
STMIK Duta Bangsa Management Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta, Indonesia AMIK Taruna Probolinggo Malang
Probolinggo, Indonesia Malang, Indonesia

ABSTRACT determines a software that is produced according to a set time

Any organization that will develop software is faced with a and has a good quality.
difficult choice of choosing the right software development System Development Life Cycle or SDLC is a methodology
method. Whereas the software development methods used, used to perform software development. The concept of the
play a significant role in the overall software development SDLC is composed of several stages starting from the
process. Software development methods are needed so that planning stage, the analysis phase, the design stage, the
the software development process can be systematic so that it implementation stage and up to the system maintenance
is not only completed within the right time frame but also period. Different forms of software development models that
must have good quality. There are various methods of currently exist in building a framework or framework are
software development in System Development Lyfe Cycle based on the concept of SDLC. According to Rainer, Turban,
(SDLC). Each SDLC method provides a general guiding line and Potter [9], SDLC is a structured framework that contains
about different software development and has different following processes in which the system is developed.
characteristics. Each method of software development has its Choosing the right software development model allows
drawbacks and advantages so that the selection of software software developers to set development strategies. Each
development methods should be compatible with the capacity SDLC model has advantages and disadvantages to being
of the software developed. This paper will compare three considered when we are going to develop a software because
different software development methods: V-Shaped Model, of the influence of the model's characteristics. For that, we
Parallel Development Model, and Iterative Model with the need to compare the SDLC model before we determine the
aim of providing an understanding of software developers to usage of the SDLC model. In this paper, we will examine the
choose the right method. model of SDLC V-Shaped Model, Parallel Model, and
Iterative Model.
General Terms
Software Development Comparison, Software Engineering 2. BASIC THEORY
Keywords 2.1 Software
Iterative Model, Parallel Development Model, System According to Laudon and Laudon [6] argue that software is
Development Life Cycle, V-Shaped Model. 1. Command that when executed gives function and work as
desired.
1. INTRODUCTION 2. Data structures that allow programs to manipulate
The development of information technology has made a new information proportionately.
era in human life. As a result of the development of 3. Documents that describe the information and usefulness
informatics that people use software on every social activity of the program.
can be said software become one part of modern human Meanwhile, according to Pressman [8] software is an
civilization. Pressman [8] argues that software becomes a tool instruction that when executed produce the desired function
in decision making in the contemporary business world, and results. The software also means data structures that can
besides software, also serves as the basis of business services manipulate information
that have been made in the form of information systems to Of the two definitions above we can conclude that the
support business processes, such as transportation systems, software is a command that if executed will get results by the
medical, telecommunications, industry, and entertainment. wishes of users. The software is more logical than the
physical system element. Therefore, according to
Currently, an organization depends heavily on software Sommerville [10], software should have the following
because of the development of information technology. characteristics:
Software developed by the organization serves to assist in 1. Maintainability, the Software must be able to meet
performing a complex business process becomes easier, faster changing needs.
and efficient, also the results of data processing through the 2. Dependability, Software must be reliable.
software more accurate than the computer manually. 3. Efficiency, Software must be efficient in resource usage.
Software-dependent organizations must develop software, but 4. Usability, Software must be used as planned.
each agency is faced with the difficulty of determining which 2.2 Software Engineering
software development method to use. Software development
In the opinion of Pressman [8], software engineering is the
processes play a significant role in the overall software
process of making using the principles of engineering
development process; the software development method also
expertise to obtain a software that is economical, reliable and

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 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 169 – No.11, July 2017

can work efficiently. While Sommerville [10] argues that develop software. This is often regarded as part of the system
software is a law that deals with the engineering of all aspects development life cycle. Each software development process is
of making software from the system specification stage to the divided into several sound stages that allow a software
stage of system maintenance after going through the system
development company to manage the work efficiently to build
usage stage.
Of the two definitions above software engineering can be software products from the required functionality within a
interpreted as a principle in the manufacture of software particular time frame and budget. All software projects
ranging from the system specification stage to the stage of through the stages of requirements collection, business
system maintenance to obtain software that is economical, analysis, system design, implementation, and quality
reliable and efficient. assurance testing [5]

2.3 System Development Life Cycle 3. DISCUSSION

System Development Life Cycle or SDLC is a method by 3.1 SDLC Phase
which software can be systematically developed and will The SDLC development framework provides a sequence of
increase the likelihood of completing software projects within activities for system designers and developers to follow to
the time limit and maintaining the quality of software develop software. There are five stages in software
products as per the standards. development using SDLC, namely: planning, analysis, design,
The SDLC development framework provides a sequence of implementation, and maintenance.
activities for system designers and developers to follow to

Figure 1: SDLC Phase

A. System Planing The next stage is the application of the implementation of the
The planning stage in software development emphasizes more design of the previous stages and test. In the implementation,
on the feasibility study aspect. Activities include: the following activities are carried out:
1. Establish and consolidate the development team. 1. Creation of the database according to the design scheme.
2. Determine the purpose and scope of development. 2. Creation of applications based on system design.
3. Identify the problems that exist in system development. 3. Testing and repairing the application (debugging).
4. Detect and evaluate strategies to be used in system
development. E. System Maintenance
5. Determination of technology priority scale and application Performed by the designated admin to keep the system
selection. capable of operating properly through the system's ability to
adapt itself as needed.
B. System Analysis As for the implementation of SDLC, there are various
In the analysis phase, the developer will perform the methodologies that can be used. The use of the method will
following activities vary depending on the emphasis, whether on business
1. Conduct literature studies to find a similar case of existing processes or business support data.
research that can be handled by the system.
2. Brainstorming in the developer team on which case is 3.2 Software Development Method
most appropriately modeled with the system. Software development methods are needed so that the
3. Classifying problems, solutions, and opportunities that software development process can be systematic so that it is
can be solved with the system. not only completed within the right time frame but also must
4. Creating analysis and needs of the system. have good quality.
Sommerville [10] argues that the software development
C. System Design method is a representation of the software process. Each
At this stage, features and operations of the system are development method represents a software development
described in detail. Activities were undertaken are: process from a particular point of view.
1. Analyze the interaction of objects and functions on the The software development process model differs from the
system. software development methodology. According to Boehm [3],
2. Analyze data and create the database schema. a method controls through a stage (data specification,
3. Designing user interface. allocation of needs, control, etc.), while the model has an
interest in providing guidance in a certain order (several steps)
D. System Implementation

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 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 169 – No.11, July 2017

in carrying out the tasks that need to be done to complete a 3.4 V-Shaped Model
project software. V-Shaped Model called by Balaji and Murugaiyan [2]
"verification and validation model" is a modified version of
3.3 Comparison of Software Development the Waterfall model. Unlike Waterfall, this one model is not
Methods designed linearly. If in the waterfall model the process is run
Comparison of software development methods is done to linearly, then in V-model the process is done branched.
determine the characteristics of each software development Software development process in V-Shaped Model depends
process to facilitate software developers choose the model on verification in the previous stage. In V-Shaped Model
according to their needs. There are three models compared to gives the relationship between each development stage and
this paper: V-shaped model, parallel model, and iterative Testing stage.
model.

Figure 2: V-Shaped Model

3. The software was developed during the implementation

Excess of V-Shaped Model phase so that no initial prototype of the software was
In the opinion of Munassar and Govardhan [7], V Shaped produced
Model has advantages such as: 4. This model does not provide a clear solution to the
1. Straightforward and easy to use. problems found during the testing phase.
2. Each stage has a certain result.
3. The chance to succeed is higher than the waterfall model
3.5 Parallel Model
In the opinion of Ajah and Ugah [1], this model tries to
because the test is done from the beginning
overcome the long time interval between the period of
4. This model is well used for software projects on a small
analysis and delivery of the system. A general design for the
scale
whole system is done, and then the project is divided into a
Lacks of V-Shaped Model
series of different sub-projects that can be developed and
While the shortcomings of V-Shaped Model in the opinion of
implemented in parallel. This model tries to overcome the
Munassar and Govardhan [7] are:
weaknesses in the waterfall model so that the concept is made
1. Very rigid as waterfall model.
after all subprojects are perfect, then the final integration is
2. Flexibility is minimal and when will adjust difficult and
done so that delivery is done to the system.
expensive

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 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 169 – No.11, July 2017

Figure 3: Parallel Model

1. System integration has its difficulties. Failure or delay in
Excess of Parallel Model one subproject impacts the process of integrating the
Ajah and Ugah [1] argue that the excess parallel model is the entire system,
time required for system delivery is shorter when compared to
the waterfall because some stages have been made in parallel 2. There is a possibility of difficulty in handling if there is a
form thus reducing the duration of time. problem in the subproject simultaneously.
Lacks of Parallel Model
In the opinion of Ajah and Ugah [1] the parallel shortcomings
3.6 Iterative Model
According to Munassar and Govardhan [7] problems that
of the model are:
occur in the waterfall model create demand for software
1. Just like the waterfall design, this model also could not be
development models that can deliver faster results, require
separated from problems caused by long system delivery.
less information, and offer greater flexibility.
2. Sometimes subprojects are not independent; this is
With an iterative design, a project is divided into small parts;
because the design decision is made in one
This allows the development team to show the results of
3. subproject may affect others.
previous processing and gain valuable feedback from users of
4. The end of the project may involve significant integration
the system. Often, each iteration is a mini-Waterfall process
challenges.
with feedback from one stage and providing necessary
5. Not suitable for complex projects and necessary software
information for the next stage.
While Budi, Siswa, and Abijono [4] added the shortcomings
of the parallel model are:

Figure 4: Iterative Model

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 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 169 – No.11, July 2017

software development methodology component consists of

Excess of Iterative Model models, tools (Tools), and procedures. No model really suits
In the opinion of Budi et al. [4] the advantages of iterative all types of organizations, so it takes a further approach to
models are as follows: choosing which model is most appropriate to apply to a
particular group.
1. Feedback can be done continuously from the project
owner. 5. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
2. Some of the revisions to all specific applications and We express gratitude to God Almighty, Parents, Family, PJJ
functions. Aptikom Batch 5 and friends who helped and support so that
this work can be completed.
3. Work in software development delivered at the beginning
of the project 6. REFERENCES
[1] Ajah, I. A., & Ugah, J. O. Comparative Analysis of
Lacks of Iterative Model
Software Development Methodologies. International
Lacks of iterative modifications include:
Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and
1. Although not necessarily a problem for all projects, since
Software Engineering, 3(6), 2013
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