MODULE-14

DRILLING MACHINES AND ITS

OPERATIONS
By
M. Satyadev,
Assistant Professor,
RGUKT-Nuzvid.
Why to study this Module?
1. What is drilling?
2. What are the types of drilling machines?
3. What are the work holding and tool holding devices used in
drilling machine?
4. What are the type of operation performed on drilling machine?
5. What are the types of drill bits?
Introduction:
• Holes were drilled by Egyptians in 1200B.C about 3000 years ago.
• They used Bow Drill and it is the mother of present drilling
Machine.
• Drilling machines are typically used to produce cylindrical holes by
a tool which exerts vertical pressure on the work piece.
• Holes of different diameter ranging from 1mm to 40mm
• holes of varying length depending on the length of the diameter of
the drill, work piece requirement
Classification of Drilling Machines:
General purpose drilling machines of common use
1. Table top small sensitive drilling machine
2. Pillar type
3. Column drilling machine
4. Radial drilling machine.

Drilling machines for specific use

1. Hand drills (may not be considered as a machine)
2. Gang drilling machine.
3. Turret type drilling machine
4. Multiple spindle drilling machine
5. Micro-drilling machine
6. Deep hole drilling machine
7. Gun drilling machine.
Table top small Sensitive Drilling Machine:
• These are usually has very low capacity motor (<0.5kW)
• Hand operated with drill bits (<10mm) size
• Placed on a rigid table
• Single spindle type
Pillar Drilling Machine:
• These machines are similar to table top drilling machine but of larger
size and higher capacity (0.55-1.1kW)
• These are grouted on the floor (foundation required)
• Drill feed and the work table movement are done manually.
• These machines have tall tubular columns and are used for small
jobs with light drilling only.
Column Drilling Machine:
• It is a box-shaped column type drilling machine and it is strong, rigid
and powerful than the pillar drills
• Feed gear box enables automatic and power feed of the rotating drill
at different rates.
• Blanks are usually mounted on bed or table or in the vice.
Radial Drilling Machine:
• It is used for heavy works
• It has radial arm, along which drill head can swing and move vertically
up and down.
• The radial, vertical and swing movement of the drilling head enables
locating the drill spindle at any position
• Drill head is provided with additional swiveled or tilted.
Hand Drills:
• It is a portable drilling device which is mostly held in hand and
used at locations where holes are to be drilled.
Gang Drilling Machine:
It consists of 2 to 6 number of spindles with drill in a row to produce a
number of holes progressively or simultaneously through a jig.
Typically used to increase the productivity
Turret type Drilling Machine:
It has hexagonal or pentagonal turret which is used for repetitive works.
The turret having the drill bits are indexed and moved up and down to
perform different type of works.
Multiple spindle Drilling Machine:
• It has large number of drills which work parallely and simultaneously.
• The motion is transmitted to drills from the main spindle through set of
gears.
Deep Hole Drilling Machine:
• Very deep holes of L/D ratio 6-30, required for rifle barrels, long
spindles, oil holes in shafts, bearings, connecting rods..
• It requires special type of drill bits.
Column type Drilling Machine:

1. Base
2. Column
3. Table
4. Head
5. Spindle
6. Spindle drive
7. feed mechanism
Radial Drilling Machine:

1. Base
2. Column
3. Radial arm
4. Drill head
5. Spindle speed and feed
mechanism
Specifications of Drilling Machine:
1. Maximum diameter of the drills that can be accommodated
2. Size of the bed or work table (length x width)
3. Maximum gap between the bed and the spindle nose
4. Size and taper of the spindle hole
5. Power (kW)
6. Spindle speed: range, steps, rpm
7. Automatic feeds: range, steps, mm/rev
8. Maximum height
9. Floor space
Kinematic System of General purpose of Drilling Machine:

Cutting Motion
Feed Motion
Work Holding devices:
T-Bolts & Clamps:
Holding the work directly on the drilling machine table by means of T-
bolts and clamps. Drilling machine is provided with T-slots into which T-
bolts are fitted. Clamp is made to rest horizontally on the work surface
and a clamping block and the nut is tightened.
Drill-press vice:
This is used for holding small and regular shaped work pieces. The
work is clamped between the fixed and movable jaw.
Two types of press vice are used on drilling machine:
1. Plain vice
2. Swivel vice: The base of the vice can be rotated in a horizontal
plane.
3. Universal vice: The base of the vice can be swiveled at any angle
in horizontal and vertical plane.
Step blocks:
These are used in conjunction with T-bolts and clamps for holding the
work directly on the table.
The step block provides support for other end of the clamp.
Different steps of the step block are used for leveling the clamp while
handling work pieces of different height.
V-blocks:
These are used for holding round work pieces.
The work may be supported by two or three blocks and clamped
against them by straps and bolts.
These are accurately machined cast iron blocks.
Angle Plates:
The angle plates having two faces at right angle to each other.
These surfaces are provides with holes and slots for clamping
purpose.
Drill Jig:
These are used for holding the work in a mass production process.
It can hold the work securely, locate the work and guide the tool at any
desired position.
Jigs are specially designed for each type of work.
Holes may be drilled at the same relative positions on each of the
identical work pieces without marking the work individually.
Tool Holding Devices:
By directly fitting in the Spindle:
Drilling machines have the spindle bored out to a standard taper to receive
taper shank of the tool.
Tool is gripped because of frictional forces.
The tool is removed by pressing a tapered wedge known as drift into the
slotted hole of the spindle.
Sleeve:
The drill spindle is suitable for holding only one size of shank.
If the taper shank of the tool is smaller than the taper in the spindle hole,
a taper sleeve is used.
The outside taper of the sleeve conforms to the drill spindle taper and the
inside taper holds the shanks of the smaller size tools or smaller shanks.
Sockets:
When the tapered tool shank is large than the spindle taper drill, sockets
are used to hold the tool.
A socket consists of a solid shank attached to the end of cylindrical body.
The body of the socket has tapered hole large than the drill spindle taper
into which the taper shank of the tool may be fitted.
Three Jaw self centering Drill Chucks:
These are utilized for holding smaller size drills or any other tools.
A sleeve or socket can hold only one size of tool shank but a chuck can hold
different sizes of tool shanks within a certain limit.
Tapping Attachment:
Drilling Operations:
Drilling:
• Drilling is an operation of producing a cylindrical hole by removing
metal by a rotating edge of a cutting tool called drill.
• Before drilling the centre of the hole to be located on the work piece
by marking at right angles to each other and then a centre punch is used
to produce indentation at the centre.
• Drilling usually produces a rough and over sized hole due to vibration
of the tool.
Reaming:
• It is used to cut accurate way of sizing and finishing a hole which has
been previously drilled.
• The speed and feed are reduced to do this operation.
• The tool used for this operation is called reamer.
Boring:
• It is used to enlarge a hole by a single point cutting tool (boring tool)
• To finish the hole accurately and to bring it to the required size
• To correct the out of roundness of hole.
Counter Boring & Counter Sinking:
• Counter boring is the operation of enlarging the end of a hole
cylindrically.
• The enlarged hole forms a square holder with the original hole.
• Counter sinking is used to produce cone shaped enlargement of the end
of a hole.
Spot Facing:
It is an operation of smoothing and squaring the surface around a hole
for the seat for a nut or head of a screw.
Tapping:
• To produce the internal thread by means of cutting tool called a
tap.
• Tap has accurate thread cut on it and they act like cutting edge
during this operation.
Trepanning:
• It is an operation of producing a hole by removing metal along the
circumference of a hallow cutting tool.
• This is used for producing large holes.
Types of Drill bit: