K.S.

Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode – 637 215

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
TUTORIAL -1 ANSWER KEY DATE: 03-1-19

1. Solution: Let (MVA)B = 100 MVA

(kV)B = 220 kV

To find out (kV)B in LT side of Transformer T1

(kV)B on LT side of (kV)B

 LT voltagerating  33
Transformer T1 = on HT side x   = 220 x  33 kV
 HT voltage rating  220

To find out (kV)B in LT side of Transformer T2

(kV)B on LT side of (kV)B

 LT voltagerating  11
Transformer T2 = on HT side x   = 220 x 11 kV
 HT voltage rating  220

2
 (kV ) b old   ( MVA) b new 
By using the formula Zp.u.(old) x  x   we can found out new values for all the
 (kV ) b new 
   ( MVA) b old 
equipment which is as follows
2
 25  100
New p.u. reactance for generator = j 0.2 x   x   j 0.5 p.u.
 33   40 
2
 33 100
New p.u. reactance of Transformer T1 = j 0.15 x   x   j 0.375 p.u.
 33  40 
2
 200 100
New p.u. reactance of Transformer T2 = j 0.15 x   x  j 0.5 p.u.
 220  30 
2
11 100
New p.u. reactance of motor = j 0.3 x   x   j 0.6 p.u.
11  50 

(kV ) b2 (220) 2
To find Base impedance of Transmission line = Zb =  484 
( MVA) b 100

Z actual 0  j 50
Zp.u. = =  (0  j 0.10331) 
Z base 484
 Reactance Diagram

2. Solution: Base mega voltampere (MVA)b(new) = 250 MVA

Base kilo volt (kV)b(new) = 11 kV

Reactance of Generator ‘G’

Since the generator rating and the base values are same the generator p.u.
reactance does not change.

p.u reactance of generator = 15% = .15 p.u.

Reactance of Transformer T1

The transformer T1 is a three phase transformer bank formed using three identical
single phase transformers with voltage rating 20 / 76.211 kV.
2
 (kV ) b old   ( MVA) b new 
The new p.u. reactance of Transformer T1 = Xp.u.(old) x   x  
 (kV ) b new   ( MVA) b old 
2
11  250
= 0.05 x   x   0.041666 pu
11  300 
Reactance of Transmission line:

Reactance of transmission line = 1.2 ohm / kM

Total reactance of transmission line = 1.2 x 2.5 = 30 ohm

HT voltagerating
Base kV on HT side of transformer T1 = Base kV on LT side x
LT voltage rating

76.211x 3
= 11 x  132 kV
11

(kV ) b2 (132) 2
Base impedance Zb = =  69.696
( MVA) b 250

Actual reac tan ce 30

Per unit reactance of Transmission line =   0.43044 p.u.
Base reac tan ce 69.696

Reactance of Transformer T2

LT voltagerating
Base kV on LT side of transformer T2 = Base kV on HT side x
HT voltage rating
 6 .6
= 132 x  6.6 kV
132
2
 (kV ) b old   ( MVA) b new 
The new p.u. reactance of Transformer T2 = = Xp.u.(old) x   x  
 (kV ) b new   ( MVA) b old 
By above using equation
2
 132   250 
Zpu(new) = 0.05 x   x   0.05 pu
 132   250 
Note: We can also consider secondary voltage as base value.

Reactance of Synchronous Motor M1, M2, and M3

2
 6.6   250 
The new p.u. reactance of motor M1 = j 0.1 x   x    j 0.25 p.u
 6.6   100 
2
 6.6   250 
The new p.u. reactance of motor M2 = j 0.2 x   x    j 0.6667 p.u
 6.6   75 
2
 6.6   250 
The new p.u. reactance of motor M3 = j 0.25 x   x    j 0.8333 p.u
 6.6   75 

Reactance diagram

3. Solution: We shall make some further simplifying assumptions

i) Line capacitance and resistance are neglected so that it is represented as a series reactance so
that it is represented as a series reactance.
ii) We shall assume that the impedance diagram is meant for short circuit studies. Current drawn
by static loads under short circuit conditions can be neglected. So loads ‘A’ and ‘B’ are
neglected.
Let us choose (MVA)B = 30 MVA

(kV)B = 33 kV (Tr. Line)

= 11 kV (Gen. 1 side)

= 6.6 kV (Gen. 2 and Gen 3)

 The per unit reactance of various components are calculated as follows,

j1.6 j1.6 x30

1. Generator 1 : 2
 = j 0.3967 p.u.
(11) / 30 121

j15.2 j15.2 x30

2. Transformer 1 : 2
 = j 0.4187 p.u.
(33) / 30 1089

j 20.5 j 20.5x30
3. Transmission line : 2
 = j 0.56474 p.u.
(33) / 30 1089

j 16 j 15.2 x30
4. Transformer 2 : 2
 = j 0.418 p.u.
(33) / 30 1089

j1.2 j1.2 x30

5. Generator 2 : 2
 = j 0.826p.u.
(6.6) / 30 38.44

j 0.56 j 0.56 x30

6. Generator 3 : 2
 = j 0.3856 p.u.
(6.6) / 30 38.44

The reactance diagram of the system is as shown in figure. (Values marked are in p.u.)

4. Solution: Let us take common base value as 150 MVA, and 33 kV as given in the problem.
(MVA)b = 150 MVA and (kV)b = 33 kV

(a) Reactance of Generator

2
 (kV ) b old   ( MVA) b new 
The new p.u reactance of generator (G) = Xp.u.(old) x  x  
 (kV ) b new   ( MVA) b old 
 
2
 22  150
= 0.2 x   x   0.16666 p.u.
 33   80 
` (b) Reactance of Transformer 2, 3 and 4

HT voltagerating
Base kV on HT side of transformer T1 = Base kV on LT side x
LT voltage rating
 110
= 33 x = 165 kV
22

66
Base kV on HT side of transformer T2 =33 x = 99 kV
22
2
 22  150
Transformer 1 = j 0.1 x   x   j 0.06666 p.u.
 33  100
2
 22  150
Transformer 2 = j 0.15 x   x   j 0.125 p.u.
 33   80 
2
110 150
Transformer 3 = j 0.125 x  x   j 0.104167 p.u.
165  80 
2
 66  150
Transformer 4 = j 0.2 x   x   j 0.14815 p.u.
 99   90 
(c) Reactance of Motor

LT voltagerating
Base kV on LT side of transformer 3 & 4 = Base kV on HT side x
HT voltage rating

6. 6
For transformer 3 = 165 x  9.9kV
110

6.6
For transformer 4 = 99 x  9.9kV
66
2
 6.6  150
The new p.u reactance of motor (M) = j0.175 x   x = j 0.29166 p.u.
 9.9   40 
(d) Impedance bases for lines 1 and 2

(kV ) b2 (165) 2
Zb(Line1) =  181.5
( MVA) b 150

(kV ) b2 (99) 2
Zb(Line2) =   65.34
( MVA) b 150

Actual impedance 40
Zpu(Line1) =   0.2204p.u.
Base impedance 181.5

Actual impedance 60
Zpub(Line2) =   0.9183p.u.
Base impedance 65.34

The load apparent power at 0.85 PF lagging is SL = 40   31.788 MVA

 Load impedance in ohm is

VL2 (6) 2
ZL = 
SL 40  31.788

36
=  0.9   31.788  0.765  j 0.4741
40  31.788

(9.9) 2
Base impedance Zb(Bus 2) =  .0.6534
150

0.9 31.788
Load impedance (in p.u) = 1.3774 31.788  (1.1708  j 0.7256 p.u.)
0.6534
Reactance diagram

The reactance diagram for the above system is shown below.

5. Solution: Let us choose (MVA)b = 20 MVA

(kV)b = 6.6 kV (Generator 1, Transformer 1)

= 115 kV (Tr. Line)

= 11.5 kV (Generator 2, Transformer 2)

2
 6.6   20 
reactance of Generator G1 = j 0.10 x  x  j 0.2 p.u.
 6.6   10 
2
 6.6   20 
reactance of Transformer T1 = j 0.15 x  x  j 0.3 p.u.
 6.6   10 
2
 13   20 
reactance of Transformer T2 = j 0.10 x  x  j 0.0851 p.u.
11.5   30 
2
11.5   20 
reactance of Generator G2 = j 0.10 x  x  j 0.1 p.u.
11.5   20 
Transmission line
 20
AF = j 75 x  j 0.1134 p.u.
(115) 2

20
AC = j 100 x  j 0.15123p.u.
(115) 2

20
CF = j 200 x  j 0.30246 p.u.
(115) 2

20
BF = j 150 x  j 0..227 p.u.
(115) 2

20
BC = j 50 x  j 0.0756 p.u.
(115) 2

The entire system is represented per phase, the new points of the generators being connected to ref. bus
(values marked are in p.u.)

Prepared by & Course Programme coordinator Approved by

& Module coordinator

Dr. T. Venkatesan Dr. T. Venkatesan HoD/EEE