Arabic Grammar - Level 01 - English Book

Quranic Arabic
Program
Level 1: Basic Arabic Language
Muhammad Mubashir Nazir
At end of this level, you will be able to understand the

religious Arabic used in the routine life.
www.mubashirnazir.org
This book is the beta version. Quality review is in progress. Certain spelling, grammar or language
mistakes are possible in this book.
Table of Contents
Description Page
Introduction 3
Level 0 6
Lesson 1: Arabic Alphabets 7
Lesson 2: Half Alphabets 14
Lesson 3: Arabic Vowels 21
Lesson 4: Long Vowels 25
Lesson 5: Two Special Sounds 30
Lesson 6: The Sound of ‘N’ (Tanween) & Some Special Characters 34
Lesson 7: Double Letters (Tashdeed) 45
Lesson 8: Read Sentences 52
Lesson 9: Start Writing Arabic 63
Lesson 10: Practice Yourself 64
Level 1: Learn the Basic Arabic Language 65
Lesson 1A: Parts of Speech 66
Lesson 1B: Basic Hymns 70
Lesson 2A: Gender 75
Lesson 2B: The Prayer 80
Lesson 3A: Case

90
Lesson 3B: What is Piety? 92
Lesson 4A: Number

98
Lesson 4B: Allah, There is no god except Him! 105
Lesson 5A: Pronouns 113
Lesson 5B: Intentions, Begging & Praising Others 130
What’s next? 135
Bibliography 136
Quranic Arabic Program 2 Level 01

Introduction
Dear Reader:
Assalam o alaikum!
Thanks for selecting “Quranic Arabic Program” to learn the Arabic Language. We will take you through a
series of lessons. At the end, you will be able to understand the Arabic Language Insha Allah. This program
contains an easy approach to learn the Arabic Language. This program covers the language of Islamic
Literature but it is name the “Quranic Arabic Program” because the Quran resides at the central position in
this program.
People learn Arabic Language due to two reasons: To understand the Quran, the Hadith and classic Arabic
Literature; or to speak and write in the modern Arabic to communicate with Arabs. This course is targeted
towards the former objective. Although people with the second objectives can also get benefit of this
program.
Due to its systematic nature, Arabic is one of the easiest languages of the world. It has well-defined rules
and a developed language structure. If you are familiar with these rules, you can learn this language in a few
weeks.
To understand the Quran and the Hadith, it is essential to learn the Arabic Language used in the Quran, the
Hadith and the Islamic literature. We will focus on its linguistics, philology and figurative speech.
Study Methodology
Study Methodology is very simple. Study one lesson daily. Solve all the exercises provided under “Test
Yourself”. Do not read the answers before attempting the questions. Once you solve the exercises, compare
your answers with the answers provided to you. In a few weeks, you will find that your Arabic Language
skills are improving.
The Boxes
Following boxes are provided to you for your ready reference. They contain very important information for
you.
Rule of the Day

Build Your Personality Grammar and language rules will be
Objective of our course is not only provided in this box.
teaching the Quranic Arabic. We are
also concerned about transforming our Do you know?
personalities according to Quranic Facts about the Arabs, their Language,
teachings. This box will provide you the Islamic literature and history will be
tips for Personality Development. provided in this box.
Face the Challenge! Worth Reading

This box will challenge you which will help Links to good articles will be provided in
you in developing your language skills this box.

Introduction
The Program is organized as follows:

• Level 0: The objective of this level is to enable you to read the Arabic script.
• Level 1: The objective of this level is to enable you to understand the religious Arabic used in the
routine life.
• Level 2: This level is designed to improve your language skills. You learn basic grammar and enhance
your vocabulary. After completing this level, you become able to understand 30-40% of the Islamic
literature in Arabic by using a dictionary.
• Level 3: This level enhances your skills further. You read advanced concepts of grammar. Your
vocabulary becomes vast. After completing this level, you become able to understand 75-80% of the
Islamic literature in Arabic by using a dictionary.
• Level 4: You complete your studies of Arabic Grammar at this level. At completion of this level, you
become able to read 100% of the Islamic literature in Arabic by using a dictionary.
• Level 5: This is the last level of this program. You study the advanced concepts of “Arabic Eloquence”
at this level. At the end of this level, you become able to appreciate the fine rhetorical concepts in the
Arabic language. It enables you to understand the Islamic literature in Arabic without consulting a
dictionary frequently.
Level 1 – 5 are also divided into two streams. “A” series deal with the rules of Arabic Grammar &
Eloquence. Enough exercises are provided to you to learn the Grammar & Eloquence rules.
The objective of “B” Series is to build your vocabulary. Passages from the Quran, the Hadith and selected
writings of Arab scholars are provided to you. You have to learn the words and styles and then translate the
passages into English. You need not to cram these words. The lessons and the exercises are designed in a
way that you will automatically learn the grammar rules, words and Arabic styles. At this level, we shall not
provide you the answers for the B Series.
This program is not designed to teach you day-to-day conversation in the Arabic language. This program is
also not designed to teach you how to write in Arabic language. But this program will help you in achieving
these two objectives. You need an Arabic speaking environment as well as a teacher to achieve these two
objectives. Nevertheless, the program is basically designed to teach you comprehension in the Arabic
language.
Ask Your Questions

If you are facing difficulty in any lesson, feel free to ask your questions. Send an email at
[email protected]. Feel free to share your views and valuable comments. Scholars of Arabic
language are strongly requested to please identify any mistakes in this book. Any constructive criticism will
be highly welcomed.
Important Note
This book is the beta version of this program. Quality review is in progress.
Certain spelling, grammar or language mistakes are possible in this book.

Introduction
Set-up Your Resources

Enable the Arabic Language in your computer. Follow these steps:
For Windows Vista Users
• Open "Regional and Language Options" from Control Panel
• Press “Keyboards and Languages” tab.
• Press “Change keyboards…” button
• Press “Add” button
• Select “Input Language: “Arabic“
For Windows XP Users
• Choose Language tab.
• Check the "Install files for Complex Script and right-to-left languages (Including Thai)".
• Press Apply to proceed
• Press Details button.
• Press Add button.
• Select the “Arabic (Saudi Arabia)” in Input Language drop down list.
• Select the default “Arabic (102)” keyboard.
• Press “OK” and then “Apply”.
The system may ask you to provide Windows CD during this process.
Warning: If you are using an unlicensed version of Windows, it may corrupt.
Download the following resources from this link to continue this program:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/Courses/Arabic/Level01/AR000-01-Contents-E.htm
• The Holy Quran
• Arabic Font
• A Dictionary: Download the Sakhr Arabic-English Dictionary and install it in your computer. After
that, do the following steps:
• In Regional Options change the standard format to Arabic (Saudi Arabia), and the location to be
Saudi Arabia
• Press the 'Advanced' card (The third card up) and then change the language to Arabic (Saudi
Arabia), then ok and restart your computer.
• Check that Sakhr Dictionary is working.
• Go back to the Regional Settings and change the settings to your normal settings.

Level 0
Level 0: Learn the Arabic Script
At end of this level, you will be able to read the

Arabic script. If you already read the Arabic
script, you can directly start with the Level 1 but
it will be useful reading boxes in Level 0.

Lesson 1: Arabic Alphabets
All languages consist of alphabets. Each alphabet

is a sound coming out of a specific part of our Build Your Personality
mouth. These alphabets combine each other to
Make it your habit to start all your tasks
form a word. Different words are arranged in a
by provoking the name of your God.
specific sequence to form sentences and sentences
make the speech. Therefore, study of all
languages start with the alphabets. Carefully look
at the shape of each letter and listen its sound.
Arabic has 29 alphabets which are as follows:
Letter Name Description
Alif Its sound is like ‘A’ as in ‘CAR’.
% Ba
Equivalent to ‘B’ as in ‘BOOK’. It has one dot under the dish-like
shape.
$ Ta
Similar to ‘T’ but it is a lighter sound produced with the tip of the
tongue between the front teeth. It has two dots above the dish-like
shape.
# Tha
It does not have an exact equivalent in English. It is produced with
the tip of the tongue between the front teeth. It has three dots above
the dish-like shape.
" Jeem
Equivalent to ‘J’ as in ‘JAPAN’. It has one dot inside the duck-like
shape.
! Ha
It has no equivalent in English, but comes closest to the ‘H’ sound. It
is produced by narrowing the middle of the throat. It has no dot.
It has no equivalent in English, but comes closest to the ‘KH’ sound

Kha
as in “KHAN”. It has one dot above the duck-like shape.
Face the Challenge! Face the Challenge!

Tell the difference between the shape of Tell the difference between the shape of
.
Note: These lessons are based on the work of Qari Fateh Muhammad Pani Pati.

& Daal
Similar to ‘D’ but in a lighter sound with the tip of the tongue
between the front teeth. The sound is like ‘TH’ as in ‘THAT’.
It has no dot.
' Zaal
It has no equivalent in English. Its sound is like ‘Z’ produced
with the tip of the tongue between the front teeth. It is written
by putting one dot above ‘Daal’.
Ra Equivalent to ‘R’ as in ‘ROAD’. It has no dot.
( Za
Equivalent to ‘Z’ as in ‘ZIG Zag’. It is written by putting a dot
above ‘Ra’.
) Seen Equivalent to ‘S’ as in ‘SAY’. It has no dot.
* Sheen
Equivalent to ‘SH’ as in ‘SHALL’. It is written by putting
three dots above ‘Seen’.
+ Swaad
It has no exact equivalent in English. Its sound is like ‘S’ by
making lips slightly rounded. It has no dot.
, Dwaad
It has no exact equivalent in English. Its sound is like ‘D’ by
making lips slightly rounded. It is written by putting a dot
above ‘Swaad’.
Rule of the Day

Alphabets are different sounds produced by
different parts of your mouth.
Face the Challenge!

Tell the difference between the shape of . Compare
it with the difference between other letters

- Twa
It has no exact equivalent in English. It is produced like ‘T’ by
touching the tongue tip to the back of the upper teeth, The lips
are somewhat rounded. It has no dot.
.
It has no exact equivalent in English. It is produced like ‘Z’ by
touching the tongue tip to the back of the upper teeth, The lips
Zwa
are somewhat rounded. It is written by putting a dot above
‘Twa’.
/ A’in
It has no equivalent in English. It is produced from the middle
of the throat. We will denote it by putting an inverted comma
after a vowel like A, I or U.
0 Ghain
It has no equivalent in English. It is produced from the upper
part of the throat. Its sound is like that of gargling. We will
denote it by ‘GH’. It is written by putting one dot above A’in.
3 Fa
Equivalent to ‘F’ as in ‘FAT’. It has one dot. It is written in a
long dish-like shape with round head.
2 Qaaf
Almost equivalent to ‘Q’ as in ‘QUICK’. It is produced with
the back of the tongue touching the back of the mouth. It has
two dots. It is written like ‘Fa’ but in a round shape.
1 Kaaf Equivalent to ‘K’ as in ‘KICK’.
Face the Challenge!

Tell the difference between the
shape of

Do you know?
People of different areas speak the same language
differently. The difference exists in pronunciation,
words, phrases and styles.

9 Laam Equivalent to ‘L’ as in ‘LONG’.
8 Meem Equivalent to ‘M’ as in ‘MORNING’.
7 Noon Equivalent to ‘N’ as in ‘NICE’.
4 Ha Equivalent to ‘H’ as in ‘HOLIDAY’.
Waow Equivalent to ‘W’ as in ‘WINDOW’.
6 Hamzah
It has no equivalent in English. It is produced with inner part of
throat with a small break.
5 Ya Equivalent to ‘Y’ as in ‘York’.
Face the Challenge!

Listen the sounds of .
What is the difference?
Face the Challenge!
Listen the sounds of . What
is the difference?
Face the Challenge!
Listen the sounds of . What
is the difference?

Test Yourself
Now solve the following exercise. You have to write the name of each alphabet against its name.
Along with writing, also pronounce the letter as you have already listened from the downloaded
sounds. Each letter contains one mark. After doing the exercise, check the answers with previous
pages and then calculate your score. If your score is less than 80%, do the exercise again.
Letter Name Letter Name Letter Name Letter Name
2 )
8 3 7 7
8 ! 9
0 ! ,
! 7
4 -
# + , +
8 , . ,
3 9 / /
) 0 & 6

% % :
" - ) 6
9 ( % '
2 $ * :
1 ! #
# & " *
3 ! # #
' * %
' 0 / &
4 + * 2
) ( $ .
* 6 1 '

( / .
0 % $ 0
/ & 9
- $ 6
- . ,
: ) 7 4
3 2 "
( . 9
: 8
( 4 +
6 + 1 1
' 1 : 7

Lesson 2: Half Alphabets
As English Alphabets have capital and small letters, most of Arabic

Build Your
Alphabets are written half when joined with other alphabets.
Personality
Unlike English Alphabets, Arabic alphabets are joined with each other.
Meet your God!
They are not written in full form. Unlike English, Arabic is written
Performing prayer is
from right-to-left. Read this table from right-to-left.
not only a physical
Look at the following tables to recognize the form of alphabets in the exercise, it is visiting
beginning, middle or end of each word. We have added a letter % in your Lord.
red color at the start and end of each letter to display different forms of
each letter. Original letter is displayed in black color, so concentrate on
the black letter.
End of the Word Middle of the Word Start of the Word Letter
| B; | ; %B; | %;
%
C; %C; |
; @; ; %
; | I; ?; $
; ; E #
H; > "
G; = !
F; < D
; %; %& &
; %; %' '
End of the Word Middle of the Word Start of the Word Letter
; %; %
R; %R; %( (
d; Q; [ )
c; P; Z *
b; ; Y +
a; ; X ,
`; O; W -
_; N; V .
; M; U /
^; L; T 0
]; K; 3
\; J; S 2
Start of the
End of the Word Middle of the Word Letter
Word
v; j; 1
u; i; 9
t; ; n 8
s; ; 7
h; %h; %
r; g; m 4
| B; |6% %B; | %6%
| e; | C; | %C; | %l 6
q; f; |%e;
p; | o; ; k 5
Face the Challenge! What Face the Challenge! What are
happens to : when it is joined with different forms of 4 when it is
other letters? What happens to 6 ? joined with other letters?

From above, we can derive the following rules:

• When letters are joined, they change their form.
• The beginning letter is usually written in half. Do you know?
• Letters in middle of a word are also written in half but they are Arabic letters in joining
joined with their preceding word. form are compressed
• Letter at the end of a word is usually written in full but it is and stretched to form an
joined with its preceding word. excellent art. See the
• Most of the letters are written in half form if they come in a photo of an artistic
combination. masterpiece and identify
the alphabets used.
• Few exceptional letters change their shape when they come in a
word. These letters are following:
• which can carry a small 6 as l or w

• $ which sometimes changes to x at end of the word
• 1 which can come as 5 or y Rule of the Day
Each language is developed by its
• 4 which can come as rm or 4 native people. They follow certain rules
in their language. Sometimes, they
• : which can come as 5 or y break a rule. While learning that
language, a non-native person has to
• which can come as z follow the native people whether they
follow a rule or break it. For example,
• Some letters do not change their form at all: They are: in English, ‘but’ is read as ‘batt’
• & whereas ‘put’ is read as ‘put’. We have

to follow the native people.
• '
•
• ( Do you know?
A text editor like MS
• 6 Word can automatically
select the half or full
form while typing
Arabic.

Test Yourself
Now solve the following exercise. The table is from right-to-left. Identify the alphabets used in
the following words. Each word contains one mark. After doing the exercise, check the answers
and calculate your score. If your score is less than 80%, do the exercise again.
Letter Letter Letter Letter

Word Word Word Word
Used Used Used Used
uM xK[ &% ;l

\[ x?S KY l
S u?S Y Dl
S \@W 7'l
m yS J@W nl
xRm tQS hW l
m @~ d@U u<
sn ?~ 9U x;
l Q~ \iU uM
K~ U \iD
]l hK~ @ U ~'
skl @ x}T
r; xR| Qn @S
6 g x{ [


Word Word Word Word
Used Used Used Used
ti[ \& r 6
&Z mZ 9S m
;Z ;U 9hS
;hY U 7 D
8MW \[T &&
;U Y ] k
6OU !h hX
6T 'hUl d 9
;? l n vin
n 3 3hD qZ
[@ 4k 6n oLW
Q 9Jk uk hLW
;n ; 8hk W
U?n ;Q 4k &U
/On @[ [ oiU
ZMn [ _ U


Word Word Word Word
Used Used Used Used
kS M; o 'Kn

cO; t gn
oM[ t?@ @
` I l
tM IQ D h@E
?k 7S }Y 9h[
Qk &; }Y &hgZ
v' kn Qk &hMS
ckS @iT 4h
PU ;w dMQU tEl
x&6hn n %Pk tl
UhXhn OS \m ;
r k(hn )WS IOP @D
fnhk &Yn 7hiDk \
Il S 7h Y gZ
m sn $Mn tNU

Lesson 3: Arabic Vowels
Dear Reader!
Now you know the different forms of Arabic Letters very well. In
this lesson, we will discuss the Arabic Vowels. It is an interesting Build Your Personality
fact that there are some special characters used as vowels. They are Develop the sense that your
called “Harakaat” ($). Arabic has four vowels named Fathah God is monitoring you and
(?), Kasrah (xQ), Dhammah (X) and Jazm (8R ). These you will be accountable for
your deeds.
vowels are used with other characters. When a vowel is used with a
letter, it is said that the letter is carrying that vowel. For example, if
the letter, MEEM has a FATHAH, we will say that MEEM is
carrying a FATHAH.
• The sound of Fathah is like ‘U’ as in ‘But’, ‘O’ as is ‘SOME’, ‘U’ as in ‘SHUT’, ‘U’ as in ‘CUT’. It is
written as a small bar over its carrying letter as in $
. While writing Arabic words in English, we will
denote it by ‘A’.
• The sound of Kasrah is like ‘I’ as in ‘IN’, ‘I’ as in ‘DISCUSS’, ‘I’ as in ‘IT’ or ‘E’ as in ‘ENABLE’. It is
written as a small bar under its carrying letter as in $
. While writing Arabic words in English, we will
denote it by ‘I’.
• The sound of Dhammah is produced by round the lips. Its sound is like ‘U’ as in ‘PUT’, ‘U’ as in
‘BULL’, ‘U’ as in ‘PULL’. It is written by a diagonal 9-like shape written on its carrying letter as in $
.
While writing Arabic words in English, we will denote it by ‘U’.
• When a letter carries a Jazm, that letter is silent. Its sound will be like ‘T’ as in ‘PUT’, ‘S’ as in ‘DISK’
etc. It is written as $
or simply without writing anything on the letter. Jazm is not allowed on the first
letter of a word. It can come on subsequent letters. We have written somewhere and omitted in at
many occasions to display the both options.
Do you know? Rule of the Day

Many people do not pronounce certain letters Unlike other languages, Arabic words
correctly. For example, most of Egyptians also contain a vowel at the end. As a
cannot pronounce " correctly, some Arab tribes result, there are certain rules in Arabic
do not pronounce 2, Pakistanis & Indians do not to join a word with the next one.
pronounce ! and /, Indonesians do not
pronounce 3. There are certain people who are Face the Challenge!
trained to recite the Quran correctly. They are Type Arabic letters (if you can) and try
called “Qaree (Reciter)”. to put all four vowels over them by
computer.

Read the table from right-to-left. Also download the sounds and listen. The sounds are also written in
English. As you have learnt that a letter carrying a Jazm cannot come at start of a word, therefore, we
have added a letter ‘Ba’ is written before the original letter to produce the Jazm sound. It is written in
red color. You have to concentrate on black letters.
With Jazm With Dhammah With Kasrah With Fathah Letter
ba ; uu l| ii w | aa * l |
bab ; bu % bi % ba % %
bat I
; tu $
ti $ ta $
$
bath ; thu #| thi # tha # #
baj H ; ju "
ji " ja " "
bah G ; hu ! hi ! ha ! !
bakh F
; khu khi kha
bad ; du & di & da & &
badh ; dhu ' dhi ' dha ' '
bar ; ru
ri
ra
baz R ; zu ( zi ( za ( (
bas d
; su )
si ) sa )
)
bash c
; shu * shi * sha * *
basw b
; swu + swi + swa + +
***

With Jazm With Dhammah With Kasrah With Fathah Letter
badw a
; dwu ,
dwi , dwa ,
,
batw `; twu - twi - twa - -
bazw _; zwu . zwi . zwa . .
baa’ ; a’u /
a’I / a’a /
/
bagh ^ ; ghu 0 ghi 0 gha 0 0
baf ]
; fu 3
fi 3 fa 3
3
baq \ ; qu 2
qi 2 qa 2
2
bak v
; ku 1 ki 1 ka 1 1
bal u ; lu 9| li 9 la9 9
bam t ; mu 8 mi 8 ma 8 8
ban s ; nu 7| ni 7 na 7 7
bah r ; hu 4 hi 4 ha 4 4
baa B ; au l| ii w aa l 6
bau h ; wu wi wa
bai
yu 5
yi 5 ya 5
5

Test Yourself
Try to read the following words. Write these words in English. Focus on all four vowels.
Word Word Word
u M d
@U D l

S 9 U 7 ' l
u ?S u M n l
S
?~| l

m u ?S| u M
S \ i D
M ; K ~| ~ '
I
Q u M |
I
M l s n n
I
M l l S s n
u g n l P l t
g P k @U l @Y
$
P @M l

Lesson 4: Long Vowels
Dear Reader!
You are now aware about four vowels or Harakaat of Arabic i.e. Build Your Personality
Fathah, Kasrah, Dhammah and Jazm. Sometimes, the sound of Backbiting involves discussing
first three vowels becomes long. It is like using ‘OO’ as in
other’s weaknesses in his / her
‘FOOL’. Jazm cannot be stretched long. Arabs have developed
absence. Quran describes it as
special characters for these long vowels.
heinous as eating the flesh of
Like short vowels, long vowels also are also carried by your dead brother.
alphabets. These vowels are called long fathah, long kasrah and
long dhammah.
• The sound of Long Fathah is like ‘AA’ as in ‘BAAN’. It is written as an Alif after the letter carrying
a short Fathah e.g. ;. In the books published in India & Pakistan, it is denoted by a small vertical bar
over its carrying letter as in %. While writing Arabic words in English, we will denote it by ‘AA’.
• The sound of Long Kasrah is like ‘EE’ as in ‘FEET’. It is written as a silent 5 after letter carrying a
short Kasrah e.g. p. In the books published in India & Pakistan, it is denoted by a small vertical bar
under its carrying letter as in $. While writing Arabic words in English, we will denote it by
|
‘EE’.
• The sound of Long Dhammah is like ‘OO’ as in ‘SHOOT’, ‘UI’ as in ‘FRUIT’, ‘OO’ as in ‘BOOT’. It
is written a silent after the letter carrying short dhammah e.g. h;. In the books published in India &
Pakistan, by a single inverted comma, diagonal 6-like shape written on its carrying letter as in ‘%.
While writing Arabic words in English, we will denote it by ‘OO’.
• If two Alif come together, it is written as .

Rule of the Day
Face the Challenge! The sound of long vowels is stretched double
Try to write all three long vowels on as compared to short vowels.
the words. Also try alternative styles to
write the long vowels.
Worth Reading
Personality Development Program. A series of tools to
develop your personality.
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/Personalityenglish.htm

Read the table from right-to-left. Also download the sounds and listen. The sounds are also written in
English. As you have already learnt that a letter carrying a Jazm cannot be stretched, so we are not including
it here.
With Dhammah With Kasrah With Fathah Letter
‘Uoo | |l Eee | 5w | Aaa |

Boo ‘% | h; Bee % | p;| Baa % | ; %
‘Too $ | h Tee $ | p | Taa $ | $
‘Thoo # | h|E Thee # | pE Thaa # | E #
‘Joo " | h Jee " | p
| Jaa " | "
Hoo ‘! | h Hee ! | p| Haa ! | !
Khoo ‘ | hD Khee | | pD Khaa | D
‘Doo & | & Dee & | 5& | Daa & | & &
Dhoo ‘' | |' Dhee ' | 5' | Dhaa ' | ' '
Do you know?
All languages change over a long period of time. New words and styles are added. Some old
words and styles become obsolete. Common Arabic is not an exception to this rule.
The distinguishing feature of Arabic is that the language of 1400 years ago is still alive. The
Quran is recited everywhere. Its words are used in day-to-day conversation. Muslims have
preserved the poetry and prose of the period in which the Quran was revealed in order to
preserve the Quranic Arabic. Any Arab or Non-Arab having a good literary sense can become
an expert in the Quranic Arabic.

Roo ‘ | Ree | 5 | Raa |

Zoo ‘( | ( Zee ( | 5( | Zaa ( | ( (
Soo ‘) | h[ See ) | p[
| Saa ) | [ )
Shoo ‘* | hZ Shee * | pZ
| Shaa * | Z *
Swoo ‘+ | hY Swee + | pY
| Swaa + | Y +
Dwoo ‘, | hX Dwee , | pX
| Dwaa , | X ,
Twoo ‘- | h|W Twee - | pW | Twaa - | W -
Zwoo ‘. | h|V Zwee . | pV | Zwaa . | V .
A’oo ‘/ | hU A’ee / | pU | A’aa / | U /
Ghoo ‘0 | h|T Ghee 0 | pT | Ghaa 0 | T 0
Foo | ‘3 | h| Fee 3 | p
| Faa 3 | 3
Qoo ‘2 | h|S Qee 2 | pS | Qaa 2 | S 2
Koo ‘1 | h| Kee 1 | p
| Kaa 1 | 1
Koo ‘9 | h| Kee 9 | p | Kaa 9 | 9

Moo ‘8 | hn Mee 8 | pn

| Maa 8 | n 8
Noo ‘7 | h Nee 7 | p
| Naa 7 | 7
Woo ‘ | Wee | 5
| Waa |
Hoo ‘4 | hm Hee 4 | pm
| Haa 4 | m 4
Uoo ‘6 | 6 Aee 6 | 56
| Aaa 6 | 6 6
Yoo ‘: | hk Yee : | pk
| Yaa : | k :
Test Yourself
Word Word
s n s n | s n l
: : | :l
3
kw ]

|
| r; r ;
& & & ‘&
u U [w u M[ w
Word Word
t ? Q
Q ;n
v
' v
'
9 S u|S
& h M S| M S
[ Q
_
| _
| K
m Z g Z
;U @U

gn
& h g Z ;
& & @D
& h M Y h [

Lesson 5: Two Special Sounds
Dear Reader!
In previous lessons, you have learnt the use of short and
long vowels. Long vowels were three i.e. : . The Build Your Personality
Being envious or jealous kills a
two letters : are used in another special form of person. An envious person does
not harm anyone except him.
vowels. If the letter before either of these two letters,
carries a fathah, a special sound is generated.
• The sound of coming after a letter carrying fathah is like ‘OU’ as in ‘SOUND’, ‘OW’ as in
‘BOWL’, ‘OU’ as in ‘SCOUT’. On the contrary, if the letter before carries a dhammah, it
becomes a long vowel producing a sound like ‘OO’ as in ‘FOOT’, ‘OO’ as in ‘SHOOT’.
While writing Arabic words in English, we will denote it by ‘AU’.
• The sound of : coming after a letter carrying fathah is like ‘I’ as in ‘SITE’, ‘IE’ as in ‘DIET’,
‘I’ in ‘GRIND’. On the contrary, if the letter before : carries a kasrah, it becomes a long
vowel producing a sound like ‘EE’ as in ‘FEET’, ‘EE’ as in ‘SHEET’. While writing Arabic
words in English, we will denote it by ‘AE’.
Rule of the Day

Sometimes, native people do not follow Face the Challenge!
rule. It is called ‘Shaz’ or ‘Exception’. Try to use these two letters by placing
In Arabic, it is very rare. A rule has different letters carrying a fathah on
only one or two exceptions whereas in them.
English, number of exceptions is too
high.
Do you know?
The language to read the Quran is standard around the globe. Arabs in different
regions speak Arabic in different ways. They have different pronunciation, different
vocabulary, different styles etc. But while reciting the Quran, all of them read it in a
standard way. Muslims from other countries also learn the standard accent to recite the
Quran in the standard accent.

Read the table from right-to-left. Also download the sounds and listen. The sounds are also
written in English.
With : With Letter

Aae5l l
Aau
Bae p; Bau h; %
Tae p Tau h $
Thae pE Thau hE #
Jae p Jau h "
Hae p Hau h !
Khae pD Khau hD
Dae 5& Dau & &
Dhae 5' Dhau ' '
Rae 5 Rau
Zae 5( Zau ( (
Sae p[ Sau h[ )
Shae pZ Shau hZ *
Swae pY Swau hY +
With : With Letter

pX hX ,
pW hW -
pV hV .
pU hU /
pT hT 0
p h 3
pS hS 2
p h 1

p
h 9
pn hn 8
p h 7
5
pm hm 4
56 6 6
pk hk :
Test Yourself
Word Word
/
hXhn s kl
8 hk
D
c
kS| k
x| & 6hn 3
hD
7 h?k( W

gY
U

U 9| hS
d

u| k ]

8 hS !
h
Worth Reading
Treasure’s Map: A treasure is available to all of us and we are in search of it. How to find it.
Read this article at http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE01-0005-Treasure.htm

Lesson 6: The Sound of ‘N’ (Tanween) & Some Special Characters
Dear Reader!
Build Your Personality
In this lesson, we will introduce a special sound. By
Focusing on minor religious issues and
default, Arabic Nouns end at a sound of ‘N’ or 7. This ignoring major religious commandments
7 is not written. It is denoted by double fathah bars, is an unbalanced attitude which must be
avoided.
double kasrah bars and double dhammah.
• Double Fathah produces a sound like ‘NE’ as in ‘DONE’, ‘UN’ as in ‘SHUN’, ‘ON’ as in ‘TON’.
While writing Arabic words in English, we will denote it by ‘EN’. An Alif is added after double
fathah.
• Double Kasrah produces a sound like ‘IN’ as in ‘BIN’, ‘IN’ as in ‘TIN’. While writing Arabic words
in English, we will denote it by ‘IN’.
• Double Dhamma ‘’ or produces a sound like ‘UN’. While writing Arabic words in English, we
will denote it by ‘UN’.
Face the Challenge!
Some Special Characters Try to use three forms of tanween by
Arabic also has some letters which are as follows: placing it at three or four letters.
• z | y: It sounds like 6. There is a small shock in the voice

• : It sounds like double alif i.e. ‘Aaa’. ~ is called “Maddah”. When it is carried by any letter, its sounds
is long. If there is a 6 or a silent letter after it, the sound becomes very long e.g. five times long.
• x: is in a round format. Its sound is like $ but if it is silent, it sounds like 4.

• and 6 have the same sound. In Arabic, an Alif is always considered silent. It is not possible to have any
movement on it. If there is a movement on an Alif, it is not a real Alif, it is a Hamzah. In the books
l
published in Arab countries, a Hamzah with fathah or dhammah is sometines written as and that with
w
kasrah is written as . If there is a tanween before Alif, the Alif will be silent. If a Silent Alif is at the
beginning of the first word of a sentence, it will give sound, otherwise it will be silent and the last letter
of its previous word will be directly joined with the letter coming after it. It is called a “Hamzah Wasli”
piY xRm.
• 5 | :: Sometimes, a : without two dots is written at end of a word but it is silent. It sounds like an
Alif. The 5 with two dots is read as normal. For example, oiU
will be pronounced as “A’la” while piU
will be pronounced as “A’li”.

written in English.

Un In
En
Bun % Bin % Ben ; %
Tun $ Tin $ Ten $
Thun # Thin # Then E #
Jun " Jin " Jen "
Hun ! Hin ! Hen !
Khun Khin Khen D
Dun& Din & Den & &
Dhun ' Dhin ' Dhen ' '
Run Rin Ren
Zun ( Zin ( Zen ( (
Sun )
Sin ) Sen [ )
Shun * Shin * Shen Z *
Swun + Swin + Swen Y +

Dwun ,
Dwin , Dwen X ,
Twun - Twin - Twen W -
Zwun . Zwin . Zwen V .
U’n /
I’n / E’n U /
Ghun 0 Ghin 0 Ghen T 0
Fun 3
Fin 3
Fen 3
Qun 2
Qin 2 Qen S 2
Kun 1 Kin 1 Ken 1
Lun 9
Lin 9 Len 9
Mun 8 Min 8 Men n 8
Nun 7 Nin 7 Nen 7
Wun Win Wen
Hun 4 Hin 4 Hen m 4
Un 6
In 6
En 6 6
Yun 5
Yin 5 Yen k 5
Test Yourself
Now solve the following exercise. The table is from right-to-left. Some vowels may not be
displayed by the computer. Use your judgment at such occasions. Read the following words.
Each word contains one mark. After doing the exercise, check the answers by listening and
calculate your score. If your score is less than 80%, do the exercise again.
Word Word
‫ ة‬K [ ;
K Y
Y D
\ @W 7 '
J @W n
: is like Alif hW| l
d
@U u ;
9 U ‫; ة‬
\i U u M
U \ i D
@ U ~ '
Rule of the Day
Majority of Arabic nouns have a tanween by default.

Word Word
x @T
\ [ ‫? ة‬S

S u ?S
S

m y
S|
‫ ة‬R m t Q S
: is silent m @~
s n
?~|
: is like Alif
Q ~
K ~
]
is silent h K| ~|
s k is silent @|
|r; ‫ ة‬R |
Do you know?
The Quran is the only book in the world which is memorized by millions of people. Almost
every Muslim memorizes some parts of the Quran to recite it in his / her prayer. There are
people who memorize the complete Quran. They are called Haafizw _.

Word Word
r 6
9 S q
9 h S
7 D
&‘&
]
k
!h h X
d
9
n v
i n
3
h D qZ
6 n oLW
u k hL W
8 h k W
‘4k & U

Letter Used Word Letter Used Word
t i[ \&
&Z m Z
;Z ;U
;hY
U
8 MW \ [ T
;U Y
6 OU
6 T| 'hU l
;? l
n 3
k
[@ 4 k
Q 9| Jk
;n ;
U?n ;Q


k S 'Kn
tk gn
n @
`n
t M h @E|
?k 9 h[
Q k & hgZ
v
' & hMS|
c
kS| 4 h
PU t El
x&‘6hn t l
UhXhn ;
r k(hn
@D
fn hk \

o M;
t w c
O;
t ?@ w oM[
l I
|

D I
Q
@Y 7 |S
}Y &;

Q k k n
@i T| w
d
M Q U ;w
%
P k n
\ m O S
I
O P | [WS
7 h|iD k & Yn

x @T
Q n @S
6
g
@i| T| [
[ oiU
_
s U
/On @[
ZMn [
I
l gZ
m w t NU
7 h Y S
$
Mn s n
p Lk S
hL @ S

KO v
Qn
s O[

I
T OP
7 h dK
7 hJQk MJ
7 h|iM K Qk
7 h|j k oJ;
l 7 U
xY en PU
I
MO?[w :gk
An exception,
“Majreyha”
m n
| \iU
$
M n 3
D
U J a
J l
6 y
@k

Lesson 7: Double Letters (Tashdeed)
Dear Reader! Build Your Personality

Sometimes, a letter comes twice in a word. In Arabic Ostentation is doing some good
deeds with an intention to show
script, instead of writing that letter twice, it is written once others. The good deeds with
¡
ostentation are not acceptable
and a symbol is placed over the letter. It is called by God.
“Tashdeed”. These letters are pronounced by pressing
your voice. Face the Challenge!
Some Rules about Tashdeed Try to combine fathah, kasrah &

dhammah with tasheed.
Arabic also has some letters which are as follows:
• The sound of Meem 8 and Noon 7 is produced from inner part of your nose, if they carry a
tashdeed.
• The sound of Ra and Laam 9 is produced with full mouth, if it carries a tashdeed with
fathah or dhammah.
• Sometimes, two letters alif and laam 9 are added before a word. If there is a tashdeed on a
9, then the 9 is ignored and sound is directly attached to the next letter. It is in
letter after
case of 14 alphabets. They are called “Huroof Shamsi”. For example, d ¢P will be
pronounced as d
P
Z .
• In case of other 14 alphabets, is clearly pronounced. They are called “Huroof Qamari”. For
example, J will be pronounced without any merger as J . The detail of these letters is
as follows:
9
.
-
,
+
*
)
(

'
&
"
#
$ Shamsi
5
6
4

7
8
1
2
3
0
/

!
% Qamari
Do you know?
The Quran is neither poetry nor prose. It has its own style. Quranic recitation is a separate art. It
generates excellent acoustics. Some people make it as their full time career. Many people listen
Quranic Recitation instead of listening music. These reciters are called “Qaaree”.

l
written in English. We are adding a in the beginning to produce tashdeed.
No tasheed No tasheed No tasheed

Abbu ¡% l Abbi £%l Abba ¢%l %
Attu ¡ $
l Atti £$l Atta ¢$l $
Aththu ¡ #
| l Aththi ¥#l Aththa ¤#l #
Ajju ¡ "
l Ajji £"l Ajja ¢"l "
Ahhu ¡ !l Ahhi £!l Ahha ¢!l !
Akhkhu ¡ l Akhkhi £l Akhkha ¢l
Addu¡ & l Addi £&l Adda ¢&l &
Adhdhu ¡ 'l Adhdhii ¥'l Adhdha ¤'l '
Arru ¡
l Arri £l Arra ¢l
Azzu ¡ (
l Azzi £(l Azza ¢(l (
Assu ¡ )
l Assi £)l Assa ¢)l )
Ashshu ¡ * l Ashshi £*l Ashsha ¢*l *
Aswswu ¡ + l Aswswi £+l Aswswa ¢+l +

Adwdwu ,l Adwdwi £,l Adwdwa ¢,l ,

Atwtwu ¦-l Atwtwi ¥ -l Atwtwa ¤ -l -
Azwzwu ¦.l Azwzwi ¥ .l Azwzwa ¤ .l .
A’’u /l A’’i £/l A’’a ¢/l /
Aghghu ¦0l Aghghi ¥ 0l Aghgha ¤ 0l 0
Affu 3l Affi £3l Affa ¢3l 3
Aqqu 2l Aqqi £2l Aqqa ¢2l 2
Akku 1l Akki £1l Akka ¢1l 1
Allu ¦9l Alli ¥9l Alla ¤9l 9
Ammu 8l Ammi £8l Amma ¢8l 8
Annu ¦7l Anni ¥7l Anna ¤7l 7
Awwu l Awwi £l Awwa ¢l
Ahhu 4l Ahhi £4l Ahha ¢4l 4
Aaau ¡6l Aaei ¥6l Aaaa ¤6l 6
Ayyu 5l Ayyi £5l Ayya ¢5l 5
Test Yourself
Now solve the following exercise. The table is from right-to-left. Some vowels may not be
displayed by the computer. Use your judgment at such occasions. Read the following words.
Each word contains one mark. After doing the exercise, check the answers by listening and
calculate your score. If your score is less than 80%, do the exercise again.
Word Word
x ¢hS| ( £;
x¢ u £
$
£M[ 2
¢Y
I
n ¢S & ¢U
I
;¤ ¢S
I
£( %
¤
$
£[ t ¢M
$
£| §sN| k
$
£[ §a k
I
i ¥OU ¢
$
£h| ¢tE|
Rule of the Day: Note that in case of tashdeed with fathah, both are written above the letter
but fathah is above tashdeed. In case of tashdeed with kasrah, both are written above the
letter but kasrah is under the tashdeed. In the Arabic books published in India & Pakistan, the
kasrah is written below the letter.

Word Word
7 h ¡i| k ¢sg k kl

p@ ¢sg i U
U t m £Q
o¤h £@
;¢h £S
¢E £PU
S¢QT ¥ n
K n 7 ¢kl
¦9' l 1 £kw
¢?M n o¤i
x & ¢ n 5
£kw

¢? n ¢j n
$
OP¢ ¢ n
Do you know?
Like English, Arabic is also written in many fonts. In some fonts, tashdeed with kasrah is
written in a style that the tashdeed is above the letter whereas kasrah is under the letter. In
Times New Roman, tashdeed and kasrah both are written above the letter.

Word Word
d
¢P $
;Q
¦uO $
J;¢Q
¢H© $
¢; n
5 n [ p U l6
¢pD ; p;U
s£? u¢gn
u £[ d¢ ª |
s£[ d¢ j|
£t -£
¤7w I
£@
¢ ¨ IOl
£ o¢Q n
I
¤JP w s
$
UR 6 ¢Q
t ¢ G
@ §
Word Word

S ¤ $
E¦K¢
£Z 9| ¢M
)
¢ ª ¦X
:¦¢Rk ¢;&
¤¤k v
¢
¥E¢n 1 h§
u| £n¢Rn 7 h «
o h § l s ¥
7 h §X 7 h §¥iU
$
¥Y ¤7l
n s k¤
¢D¢ ¤w
Rule of the Day
If there is a tashdeed after the long alif , its sound becomes 5 times longer.

Lesson 8: Read Sentences
Dear Reader!
Congratulations! Now you can read most of the words used in

Quranic Arabic. It is the time to start reading sentences. Like all Inheritance Law is defined by
other languages, Arabic sentence is a combination of words. the Quran. Those who do not
give the women their share
Each word in a sentence is pronounced as it were single.
trespass the limits imposed by
But unlike other languages, there are some rules in Arabic to Allah.
join words with each other. It is not in case of all words.
Rules about Joining Words

• Sometimes, two letters alif and laam 9 are added before a word. If that word is the first word in a

sentence, we will assume that there is a fathah on . For example, G?K will be read as Al-Fath. Alif is
considered silent in all cases. If it is appearing at start of a sentence, some movement is used over it,
otherwise it is always silent. If an Alif carries a movement, it is considered a Hamzah. It is written l in
case of a fathah or a dhammah. In case of a kasrah, it is writtten as w.
• If a word with 9 is in middle or end of a sentence, will be ignored and the previous word will be
directly joined with 9. For example G?K s n will be read as Minal-Fath.

• Two silent words cannot be read. In that case, the first one will be given a movement.
• If there is a silent 7 or tanween at the end of a word, in some cases, it will be merged with the first letter
of next word. The rules are as follows:
• If the first letter of next word after a silent 7 is one of these four letters 7

9
8

: the
silent7 will be merged in them with a sound produced by inner part of your nose. See the
examples: I
Jk s n (Main-Yaqnut not Man Yaqnut), n s n (Mimmaa not Min Maa), s n
(Miun Waladin not Min Waladin), ¬KO s n (Minnutfatin not Min Nutfatin). v
¬£; s ¬n
(Mirrabbika not Min Rabbika), v s n (Milladunka not Min Ladunka). For memorizing, you
can call them 7hink 3.
• If the first letter of next word after a silent 7 is any other letter, the silent 7 will not be merged.

Rules about Joining Words

• If there is a tanveen at the end of a word and there is an 9 at the start of the next word, it will be read as
in the example: :¤ x R
| (Lumazati Nillazi not Lumazatin Allazi), o| & U (A’ada Nilaulaa not
A’aadan Alaulaa). In the Arabic books published in India & Pakistan, usually a small 7 is place between
such words to denote this change. So the words are written as :¤ 7 x R | , o| 7 & U while it is
not placed in case of books published in the Arab countries.
• If there is tanveen or a silent 7 at the end of a word and there is a % at the start of the next word, the 7
8
will be converted into . For example M ; s n will be read as Mim Ba’di not Min Ba’di.
• The last letter of the last word of a sentence will be silent. If there is an 5 just before the last letter
of the last word, the sound 5 of will be very long. For instance 7 will be Al-Rahmaaaaan,
7 h|i Mk will be Ya’maloooooon, s M will be Al-A’alameeeeen. In this case, the last letter is made
silent.
• There is a: (without dots) placed at the end of a word. It is read as . If the word is joined with some
other word, it is written as e.g. 4 X

oX
4 M n
o M etc. It is called “Alif Maqsoorah”.
Listen and Practice!
Now listen the following passages of the Holy Quran again and again while keeping the written text in front
of you and observe the rules mentioned above. After listening, recite yourself. Try to memorize these
passages.
K xh[
t ¢ sO ¢P s n
; 'hUl
t ¢ s ¢
tQ;
(3) s k£ 8 h k v
n (2) t ¢ s ¢ (1) M £% r ¤i
s k¤ -
Y
(5) t J?Q -
£ m (4) M ?Q 1 ¢kw @M 1 ¢kw
(7) ¥¢ t g i U %
hL T (6) t g i U I M l

o xh[
t ¢ s ¢
tQ;
(3) oiS n v §; v U ¢& n (2) o[ 'w u ¤i (1) o§
t l (5) oX ? v §; v OM k 3
h Q
(4) o² s n v
D x| D ³
o T B U 1 (7) :g ·X 1 (6) : ?k 1 k
M ; ¢nl (10) g u ¢Q ¢nl (9) g J t ? ¢nB (8)
(11) # £ v £;
!P xh[
t ¢ s ¢
tQ;
1 g V a
J l 5¤ (2) 1 ( v U M X (1) 1 Y v ! P t l
Qk Q M n ¤7w (5) Qk Q
M n ¤7C (4) 1 ' v M (3)
(8)
T v
£; ow (7) I T 'C (6)
Worth Reading
How to get rid of Poverty? Read this article at
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0004-Poverty.htm

? xh[
t ¢ s ¢
tQ;
J i D J (3) n ² i @ m (2) [ h|W (1) 7 h?k¢R £?
s k¤ ¤w (5) i [ u K [ l 4 & & ¢tE| (4) h J s Q l p 7 Q»
M ; v ;¥j k (6) 7 h n T l t g i $ ¢ h|i U h n
(8) t j B; r ¤i d
l (7) s k£;
\iM xh[
t ¢ s ¢
tQ;
v §; l S (2) \ i U s n 7 Q» \ i D (1) \ i D 5¤ v £; t [ ; l S
¤7w ¤ (5) t i M k t n 7 Q» t ¤iU (4) t i J ; t ¤iU 5¤ (3) 8 ²
(8) oM § v £; ow ¤7w (7) o L ?[ 4 7 l (6) oLO 7 Q»
:g oiU 7 7 w I kl l (10) o¤iY 'w @U (9) og k 5¤ I kl l
¤7B; t i M k t l (13) o¤h % ¤ 7 w I kl l (12) :hJ ¢?; n l l (11)
;' Y (15) Y ¢ ; K Q
r ? k t s f ¤ (14) :k r ¤i
r M O ¤ (18) ;¢R / [ (17) rk& / i (16) fW D
(19) % ?S
[

J xh[
t ¢ s ¢
tQ;
J | i (2) J | i n 1 & l n (1) J i p 4 R l ¢w
¥u| s n t g £; 7 ' C; g ! § | j 9| ¢R (3) g Z ] l s n D
(5) K i O n o¢? p m 8 [ (4) n l
@ xh[
t ¢ s ¢
tQ;
t g B o¢? ¥jK n P % ?j u m l s n K s k¤ s j| k t
(3) £S ?| g (2) x ¢gO n KY h|i? k r ¤i s n 9 h[ (1) | £@
n (4) | £@ t g 6 n M ; s n ¤w % ?j h|l s k¤ 2 ¢K n
he k x ¢ hJk 6 K s k£ r i
n r ¤i @M ¤w n l|
% ?j u m l s n K s k¤ ¤7w (5) £J s k& v ' x ¢R
¤7w (6) ¢k @ §Z t m v f l| g s kD t ¢ g p P

U t m z R (7) ¢k @ D t m v f l| $
¢ h|i U h n s k¤
r ¤i p X ;l g s kD g² g? s n 5 7 U $ ¢ t g £;
(8) r ¢; p P D s v
' r U hX t g U

RR xh[
t ¢ s ¢
tQ;
9 S (2) gJEl , ² I D l (1) gR( , ² I R ( 'w
(5) g o l v ¢; ¤7B; (4) m @D l # | £ fn h k (3) g n 7| Q»
D x ¢' 9 J n u M k s (6) t g U l ?Z l )
¢
k fn h k
(8) 4k Z x ¢' 9 J n u M k s n (7) 4k
$k&M xh[
t ¢ s ¢
tQ;
(3) @Y $ L (2) S $ k h (1) @X $ k& M
(6) & h j r £; 7 Q» ¤7w (5) M r ; s O [ h (4) MJ r ; 7 EB
'w t i M k l (8) kP
£
r ¢w (7) gP
v
' oiU r ¢w
fn h k t g ; t g ¢; ¤7w (10) § p n u £ (9) h@J| p n M ;
(11) @

UJ xh[
t ¢ s ¢
tQ;
)
¢ 7| h|jk 8 h k (3) | U J n 1 & l n (2) | U J n (1) | U J
I i J| E s n ¢nB (5) * h|K s g M 9| @
7| h|j (4) # h|@ *
K
k m r §nB| (8) r k(hn I
¤KD s n ¢nl (7) X P U p h g (6) r k(hn
(11) n (10) r m n 1 & l n (9)
Ej? xh[
t ¢ s ¢
tQ;
¤ ¢tE| (3) 7 hi M 3 h [ ¤ (2) ;J t ( o¢? (1) E|j¢? t | gl
¢tE| (6) t
7 ? (5) J t i U 7 hi M h ¤ (4) 7 hi M 3 h [
(8) t M¢ s U fn h k ¢s|BQ
? ¢tE| (7)
J s U g ?
Do you know?
There are some differences in the Arabic Scripts used in the Indian Sub-Continent (South Asia) and
that used in the Arab Countries (Middle East). Some of them are as follows:
• In the Middle East, the Hamzah with Fathah or Kasrah is written as “ w

l” while that in South Asia
is written as “
”. For example, in the Middle Eastern script 7
Qw
u| M l while in the South
Asian script, it will be 7 Q
u| M .
• In South Asia, straight fatha & kasrah and reversed dhamma is used while in the Middle East, it is
not used. For example, in South Asia, words & &
u M[
tm; are written in this format
while in the Middle East, they are written as &
&
uU[w
tm ;w.
• The symbol of silence in the South Asia is

while that in the Arab Countries is “%
”.
M xh[
t ¢ s ¢
tQ;
h|i U h n s k¤ ¤w (2) Q D pK 7 Q» ¤7w (1) M
(3) @ ¢; hY
h £\
; hY
h $
¢
xR¾ xh[
t ¢ s ¢
tQ;
r n ¤7l
Q k (2) 4 & ¢U n 5¤ (1) x R | x R m ¥uj| u k
(5) | O
n 1 & l n (4) O p ¤7 @ ¤ (3) 4 i D l
(8) x Y hn t g i U g¢w (7) x f ² oiU i ¤O p?¤ (6) x| S h r ¤i
(9) x & ¢ n U p
uK xh[
t ¢ s ¢
tQ;
p t m u M
k t l (1) u K % Y B; v §; u M ] : t l
u £[ s n x ; t g n (3) u ;;l W t g i U u [ l (2) u i
(5) 9 h|B n ] M t g i M
(4)

ckS xh[
t ¢ s ¢
tQ;
¢% @M i (2) ] ¢ 6 ?£P i t g kw (1) c k S| 3
k»
(4) 3 h D s n t g n /
h s n t g M W l 5¤ (3) I @ m
7hU xh[
t ¢ s ¢
tQ;
§a k (2) t ? §/ k 5¤ v
(1) s k£; % ¥j k 5¤ I kl l
t g Y s U t m s k¤ (4) ¥i i u kh (3)
j Q
8 MW oiU
(7) 7 hU 7 hM k (6) 7 6k t m s k¤ (5) 7 hm[
Ehj xh[
t ¢ s ¢
tQ;
?;² h m v
fZ ¤7w (2)
v
£; ¥u
(1) Eh j 1 O U l ¢w
(3)

7j xh[
t ¢ s ¢
tQ;
n 7 ;U t ?l (2) 7 @M n @U l (1) 7 j g§kl k u S|
t j| (5) @U l n 7 ;U t ?l (4) t §@U n ;U l (3) @U l
(6) s k& p t j| k&
xh[
t ¢ s ¢
tQ;
h l r ¤i s k& p 7 h|iD k )
¢ I
kl (1) G ? K r ¤i
6 'w
(3) ;¢h 7 r ¢w 4 K L ?[ v
£; ; G £@Q
(2)
¾ xh[
t ¢ s ¢
tQ;
oi [ (2) Q n r |n r U o T l n (1) ¢ g p;l k I
¢@
s n u @ m p (4) O ¢ r l n (3)
g $ '
(5) Q n

+D» xh[
t ¢ s ¢
tQ;
r s j| k t (3) hk t i k t (2) ¢ r ¤i (1) l r ¤i h m u S|
(4) l h|K|
\iK xh[
t ¢ s ¢
tQ;

S 'w \ [ T £Z s n (2) \ i D n £Z s n (1) \ i K £% ; '| hUl u S|
(5) Q 'w [ £Z s n (4) J M p $
E¤K¢ £Z s n (3)
) xh[
t ¢ s ¢
tQ;
£Z s n (3) ) ¢ r w (2) )
¢ v i n (1) ) ¢ £% ; '| hUl u S|
¢
s n (5) )
¢ Y p )
h [ h k 5¤ (4) ) ¢
)
h[ h
(6) ) ¢

Lesson 9: Start Writing Arabic

Congratulations! Now you can read many sentences of The Quran asks us to be just
and fair in our dealings. While
Arabic language. This is the time to start writing in Arabic dealing with other people,
language. The Microsoft Arabic Keyboard is as follows: always ask yourself whether you
have dealt fairly and justly?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 À = <-
, + # 2 3 0 / 4 ! " & \
* ) 5 % 9 $ 7 8 1 - Enter
y 6 z : x ( . Shift
' Space
With Shift
! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ + <-
» w ‘ ÷ × Ð > < |
[ ] ² l ¬
/ : ” Enter
~ { } Ä ’ , . È Shift
¡ Space
• Keep your left-hand fingers at * ) 5 %. Also type 9 with your pointing finger.
• Keep your right-hand fingers at $ 7 8 1. Use your pointing finger to type . Type - with
your little finger.
• Now start your typing with the middle line.
• Keep your fingers at the middle line and try to type the upper line.
• Keep your fingers at the middle line and try to type the lower line.
• Once your fingers are familiar with each letter, start typing the letters in an alphabetical
order.
• Start typing different Arabic words used in this book and then start typing passages.

Lesson 10: Practice Yourself

Try to develop the love of Allah. Think
This is the last lesson regarding reading the Arabic script. about His blessings e.g. air, water,
After that, you will start learning the Arabic language. To eyes, hands etc. and be thankful to
Him.
improve your Arabic reading skills, do the following:
• Download the Holy Quran.

• Download the complete recitation of the Holy Quran along with English Translation.
Recitations of many reciters are available on the internet. Simply search ‘Quran Recitation
with English’ on any search engine and you will find many recitations. You can select the
recitation of your favorite Qaaree.
• Daily listen a passage of the Holy Quran along with reading the text. After that, recite it
yourself. Then listen again that passage. It will rectify your mistakes and improve your
reading skills.
Do you know?
The art of reciting the Holy Quran is called x l
S . Reciting it according
to the defined rules in correct pronunciation is called kh
. This
course provides you only the fundamentals of Tajweed. If you want to
learn more, listen more and more recitation and join a class conducted
by an expert Qaaree.
Rule of the Day

The Quran was not revealed with an objective of reciting without
understanding. It is obligatory on the Muslims to understand the
Quran which is the last version of the Guidance provided to us by the
Almighty Allah. Continue to next levels of this course to learn the
Quranic Language.
Do you know?
Quranic Translation is a human work which may be subject to the
element of human error. Learn the Quranic Arabic yourself so that you
can differentiate between the right and the wrong translations of the
Holy Quran.

Level 01
Level 1: Learn the Basic Arabic

Language
At end of this level, you will be able to

understand the religious Arabic used in the
routine life.

Lesson 1A: Parts of Speech
Dear Reader!
All languages have certain rules. Languages are
developed by its native people. Based on their speech, Love the creatures of Allah because
experts of grammar derive the language rules. Allah also loves His creatures. Do
Language always precede the rules. It never happened not tease any human being or a
that a nation decided its rules first and then developed living organism.
a language.
Arabic is not an exception. Arabic has well-defined rules which are applied consistently to all of its
words and sentences. As you will see in next levels that these rules are so established that a spread sheet
program can automatically derive hundreds of word from a single word.
Al-Hamdulillah you are now able to read the Arabic sentences. From this part, we are starting the
Arabic language. We shall work in two dimensions i.e. the Grammar and the Language. We shall
discuss the grammar in the A series. The language will be discussed in the B Series. This is a modern
technique of learning the Arabic language. The exercises are designed in a manner that you will
automatically learn the language by solving these exercises.
This lesson belongs to the A Series, therefore, we are starting with the fundamentals of Arabic
Grammar.
Sarf & Nahv (hÜ 3Y)
Arabic grammar is divided into two parts i.e. 3Y and hÜ. Sarf contains the rules for deriving words
from a single source word whereas Nahv consists of the rules for structuring sentences. The concepts
from both areas are arranged in an easy-to-complex sequence. Our study methodology is ‘learn through
practice’. We do not insist on memorizing the rules. We focus on practicing the rules which
automatically results in learning the rules.
Arabic Parts of Speech

In Arabic, a word is called _K or i which can be classified under three basic parts of speech i.e.
nouns, verbs and other words.
• Noun (t[): Noun is the name of a person, thing, city, etc. For example
%U
n
Ýl

7OZ
9
t
7Ý
vkZ
Ý
%? etc.
• Verb (uM): Verb describes an act of doing something. For example oiY (blessing be upon), ul
(He ate), %Z (He drank) etc.
• Other Words (3): These words join nouns and verbs. For example % (with), 9 (for), sn
(from), (except) etc.
Instead of using English terms, we will use the Arabic terms i.e. 3
uM
t[ to describe these
terms.
We are providing a diagram depicting different types of these parts of speech. Next lessons will be
based on this classification.

i
&U 9hYhn xZw X

Special Nouns t[
¢en ¤ n Classification 1
Classification 2
xj Mn Classification 3
n \?Pn Classification 4
IKY uK 9hMKn uU Classification 5
L@n 3V
3
n T 3
n %Mn p @ n Classification 6
uM
kRn pU; &¢n pU; kRn pE|E &¢n pE|E Classification 1
og nl / n pXn Classification 2
9hg
n 8h|iM n Classification 3
9n ]Un (hgn GY

Classification 4
]K bS 3h l
Others ]OU 3

Our Course Plan to discuss the parts of speech is mentioned here. The sequence of our next
lessons is from easy to difficult. Level & Lesson No. is written on the right side.
Face the ¢en ¤ n t[ Level 01 / 2A

Challenge!
p @ n %Mn t[
Compare Arabic
parts of speech Level 01 / 3A
with English
parts of speech.
t[ Level 01 / 4A
Level 01 / 5A
&U 9hYhn xZw X
t[ Level 02 / 3A – 8A
Rule of the Day

xj Mn t[ Level 02 / 1A
All languages
From Easy to Difficult
consist of nouns,
verbs and Others ]OU 3 Level 02 / 9A – 14A
huroof.
n \?Pn t[ Level 03 / 1A
kRn pU; &¢n pU; kRn pE|E &¢n pE|E uM Level 03 / 2A
og nl / n pXn uM Level 03 / 3A – 10A

Level 04 / 1A – 5A
Level 03 / 3A – 10A
9hg
n 8h|iM n uM Level 04 / 1A – 5A
IKY uK 9hMKn uU t[ Level 03 / 11A – 12A
L@n 3V
9n ]Un (hgn GY

uM Level 04 / 6A – 12A
]K bS 3h l

Test Yourself
Read each word in the following table and classify them to 3
uM
t[. Freely consult the
vocabulary table.
Category Word Category Word
9
(I seek refuge) 'hUl (Great) @ l
(with) %
(Exalted) 7 @ [
(from) s n (The) 9
(Satan) sO ¢P (Praise)
(Damned) t ¢ (for) 9
(Name) t[ (No)
(Beneficent) s ¢ (god) r
(Eternally Merciful) t ¢ (except) ¤w
(One) l ¢
n
(and) (Prophet) 9| h [ ¢
(Self-Sufficient) ¢ (associate) v
k Z
(on, upon) oiU (your, you) 1
(Progeny, followers) 9 (O Allah!) ¢tg ¦i
oiU (Bless!) ¥uY


Lesson 1B: Basic Hymns
Dear Reader!
In B Series, we shall provide you a series of
Arabic sentences. You have to translate them into Suspicion is forbidden by the
English. Vocabulary sheet is provided below. Almighty Allah. It develops a
Arabic sentences are provided on the next pages. negative personality. Avoid
Rule of the Day
suspicion.
In almost all languages, each non-living item

is considered either male or female.
Explanation Word
Allah, the Arabic name of God
The greatest, the biggest, the magnificent @ l
Free from immorality and all types of physical and moral
filths 7 @ [
These two letters are added to a noun at the beginning in
order to specify it. It is a synonym of English word ‘THE’ 9
9 means ‘the’ and Ý means praise and thanks. Meanings Ý 9
©

of this phrase are ‘the praise’.
These are also two words. 9 means ‘for’ and is the

Arabic name of God. Meanings of this phrase are ‘for
9

Allah’.
No, not
A god, a superior being r
Except ¤w
Muhammad, the last Prophet of God. ti[ ‫ﮦ‬9 ‫ﮦ‬ÞiU ‫ﮦ‬u ÞiY ¢
n

Explanation Word
Prophet, Messenger 9| h [ ¢
Partner, an equivalent entity v
k Z
These are two words. As discussed above 9 means ‘for and
1 means you. Overall meanings ‘for you’. 1 9
v
I seek refuge, I seek protection 'hUl
These are two words. % means ‘with’ or ‘from’. Overall
meaning ‘from God’.

%

;
From s n
Two words i.e. 9 as discussed ‘the’ and 7OZ means
‘Satan’. Overall meaning ‘The Satan’. The entity who sO ¢Z 9
sO ¢P
spreads evil.
Two words i.e. 9 means ‘the’ and t means ‘rejected

one’. Overall meaning ‘the rejected one’.
t ¢ 9
t ¢
Two words i.e. % means ‘with’ or ‘from’, t[ means
‘name’. Overall meaning ‘with name’ or ‘in the name’.
t[ %

tQ
;
Two words i.e. 9 and 7Ý. Rahmaan is a name of God
which means ‘beneficent, gracious, kind, loving, caring’.
s ¢ 9
s ¢
Two words ie. 9 and t. Raheem is another name of God
which means ‘eternally merciful’.
t ¢ 9
t ¢
One l
Face the Challenge! Do you know?
What is the use of 9 in Arabic? Quran is not only the Book of Guidance. It is
also the benchmark for the Arabic language.

Explanation Word
And
Again two words. 9 you already know. Y means an
entity who is eternally independent from everything.
¢Y 9
¢
O Allah!, O God! ¢tg ¦i
Bestow your blessings ¥uY
On oiU
The progeny, this word is also used for the followers. 9
These are three words. % means ‘with’ or ‘from’. Ý means
4
‘praise’ and stands for ‘his’. Overall meaning, ‘with His |4 %

|4
;
praise’.
Shower blessings, bestow o¤iY

Two words. oiU means ‘on’ and 4 means ‘him’. Overall
meaning ‘on him’. This word is used for both ‘his’ and ‘him’.
4 oiU
r i U
Two words, 9 means progeny, children. It also includes the
followers. 4 means ‘his’. Overall meaning ‘his progeny’.
4 9
r
Salute, peace be upon him. t ¤i[
Face the Challenge! Rule of the Day: :

x at end of a noun
Identify some masculine & feminine nouns indicates that it is a feminine noun.
in Arabic from the vocabulary you learned.

Now write your translation in the “English” column.
English Arabic
t ¢ s ¢ t Q ;
@ l

7 @ [

¤w r

9| h [ ¢ ¢ n
v
v k Z
sO ¢P s n ; '| hUl
t ¢
¢
l
¢ n oiU ¥uY ¢tg ¦i
¢ n 9 oiU
|4 ; 7 @ [
ti[ r riU oiY

Reverse the Translation

Now translate the English sentences into Arabic. Freely consult the vocabulary table. Compare
your result with the previous page. Calculate your score. Repeat the test, if your score is below
80%.
English Arabic
(I start) In the name of Allah, the beneficent, the
eternally merciful.
(O Allah!) There is no partner for You.
Allah is free from all evils and filths.
Allah is free from all evils and with His praise ….
Allah is one. Allah is eternally independent.
Allah is the greatest.
Blessings of Allah be upon him (Muhammad) and

his progeny. Salute and peace be upon him.
I seek refuge in Allah from the rejected Satan.
Muhammad is Allah’s Prophet.
O Allah! Shower Your blessings upon Muhammad

and the progeny of Muhammad.
The praise is for Allah.
There is no god except Allah.

Lesson 2A: Gender

Most of the languages contain different words for Beware of insincere religious
masculine and feminine. In Arabic, separate words
are used for both genders.
and political leaders. They try to
manipulate you. Always trust on
In Arabic, the ‘masculine’ is called ¤ n your own judgment, not that of
(Muzhakkar) and the ‘feminine’ is called ¢e n your leaders.
(Muannath). By default, all nouns are considered
¤ n except the following:
• Real en: The nouns which are en in reality, for example xln w (woman), k (girl), 8 l
(mother), I
D l| (sister), I
; (daughter) etc.
• Words with x at their end: The words carrying a x are considered en , for example xhiY

(prayer), ¢ (garden), Q
(good). There are some exceptions to this rule e.g. KiD
(Caliph), n¤U (a big scholar). A masculine can be converted into feminine by putting a x at its
end.
• Words with 6 at their end: The words carrying a at their end are also considered en ,
for example 6 &h [
(a black woman), 6 ; (a white woman).
• Words with :at their end: The words carrying at their end are considered en , for
example :@
| (big), :L Y
(small), oN U (great).
• Non-Living Items: There is a large number of nouns related to non-living matter which is
neither male nor female. Native people used either of masculine or feminine words for such
things by assuming that a specific thing is masculine or feminine. For example, in Arabic, %
?
(book) is considered masculine whereas x
Z (tree) is considered feminine. Similarly d
Z
(sun) is feminine. We have to follow the native people to determine which items are ¤
n and
which ones are en. Gender of various items is considered differently in different languages.
• Remember that the following words will always be en: ,

l (Earth), %
(war),
(fire), 6 [
(sky), G
k (air), d
K (living organism).
• Countries’ names will also be en. For example
n (Egypt), 8 Z (Syria)
• Human organs in pairs will also be considered . For example
k (hand), u (foot), ' l
7 (ear), s U (eye) etc.

Lesson 2A: Gender
Test Yourself (1)

Write down against each words in the table below whether it is a masculine or a feminine. The
nouns for non-living matter, which are en, are already mentioned.
Gender Meaning Word
Brother l
Sister I
D l|
Father
Mother x
Father %
l
Mother 8|
Brother of mother 9 D
Sister of mother D
Brother of father tU
Sister of father ¢U
¤ n A man with bad character \ [
¢e n A woman with bad character J[
A good / handsome man s Q
A good / beautiful woman Q

Lesson 2A: Gender
Gender Meaning Word

An ugly ____ G
@S
An ugly ____ @S
A big _____ @
A big _____ x @
A short _____ L Y

A big _____ x L Y
This _____ m
¢e n This _____ 4 m
Paradise, Garden ¢
¢e n Hell t ¢ g
Bridegroom d
k U
Bride (In old Arabic, it is
used for both male & female)
)
U
Hard, tough, difficult____ k Z
Hard, tough, difficult____ xk Z
¢e n Market 2
h [
A long ______ ikh W

Lesson 2A: Gender
Gender Meaning Word

Yellow _____ K Yl
Yellow _____ 6 KY
Green ______ D l
Green ______ 6 D
Red _____ l
Red _____ 6
Blue ______ 2
( l
Blue ______ 6 S (
The most beautiful man s Q l
The most beautiful _____ o Q
Truthful ____ 2
& Y
Truthful _____ S& Y
Witness _____ m Z
Witness _____ xm Z
A liar _____ %
'
A liar _____ ;'

Lesson 2A: Gender
Test Yourself (2)

n are provided to you in the following table. Write down their en in the next column
en n en n

(Black)& h [ l (Good) s Q
(Green)
D l (Father)
(White) a
;l (Yellow) K Yl
(Brother) l (Ugly) G @S
(Blue) 2
( l (Observer) m Z
) 9
(Maternal Uncle D (Red) l
(Big) @ (Good) sQ
(Father) %l (Small) L Y

(This) m (Handsome) s Q
l
(Hard) k Z (Uncle) tU
(Pious)
m ( (Truthful) 2
& Y
(Immoral) \ [ (Liar) %
'
(Merciful) t d
k U
(Bridegroom)
(Leader) tU( (Worshipper) ;U

(Respected) (Helper)

Lesson 2B: The Prayer
Dear Reader!
In the previous lesson, we have learnt the basic hymns. In this Perform your prayers in a
lesson, we will learn the Arabic Language of our prayers.
way that you are watching
Mostly, our people perform their prayers without understanding it. your God. If it is not possible,
It is a very serious matter. We must learn the meanings of our then at least develop the
prayer. Without that, we will not be able to develop the sense that sense that your God is
we are meeting our Lord. In this lesson, we are including only the
watching you. Prophet
commonly read hymns of our prayer.
Muhammad
Translation
Translate the following sentences. The vocabulary is available here. You can read the vocabulary and
join the words to make sentences. Do not see the answers before attempting. Each sentence carries five
mark. After completing the exercise, see the answers.
Explanation Word
The greatest, the biggest, the magnificent @ l
These are two words. 7@[ means “Free from immorality and
all types of physical and moral filths”, 1 means “You”. Overall 1 7@[
v@ [

meaning, “You are free from all types of filths & weaknesses.”
O Allah! O God tgi

And
These are three words. % means ‘with’ and Ý means praise
and thanks, 1 means ‘you or your’. Meanings of this phrase 1 %

1
;
are ‘with Your praise’.
Face the Challenge! Rule of the Day

In Arabic, why words are written in In Arabic, fathah, dhammah and kasrah are
joined form? Compare it with English. used at the last letter of a word to indicate
different positions of a noun.

Explanation Word
Blessed 1@
Again two words. t[ means name and 1 means ‘you or
yours’. So the full phrase is ‘your name’.
1 t[
v[
High, exalted ßM
Two words i.e. means highness, majesty and 1 means
‘you or yours’. SO the full phrase is ‘Your majesty’.
1
1§
No, not, never
A god, a superior being r
Two words i.e. T means ‘other than’ and 1 means ‘you or
your’. So the phrase means ‘other than you’.
1 T
1T
These are also two words. 9 means ‘for’ and is the Arabic
name of God. Meanings of this phrase are ‘for Allah’.
9

Lord, Sustainer, Upholder %
These are two words. 9 means ‘the’ and Umeans all s M
worlds or universes.
Two words i.e. 9 and 7Ý. Rahmaan is a name of God

which means ‘beneficent, gracious, kind, caring’.
s
Two words ie. 9 and t. Raheem is another name of God
which means ‘eternally merciful’.
t
Do you know?
Arabs of 6th and 7th century (time of Quranic revelation) were fond of poetry and speeches. A poet
or a speaker used to enjoy a high rank in the society. There were poetry & speech competitions in
their major gatherings. Poetry master pieces were hanged with the Holy Ka’aba.

Explanation Word
Owner vn
Day 8hk
Judgment. The complete phrase sk
judgment’.
8hk means ‘the day of sk& 9
sk
For You only 1kw
We worship @M
We seek help M?Q
Two words i.e. mw means ‘guide’ and means ‘us’. So the
phrase means ‘guide us’.
m
m
The path -
The straight or the right. Full phrase
‘the straight path’ or ‘the right path’.
tJ?Q - means
tJ?Q
sk
These two words are added to a noun at the beginning in order
to specify it. It is a synonym of English word ‘THE’ or “Those
who”.
You favored, You blessed I

Ml
Two words i.e. oiU means on and tm means them. Phrase
means, ‘on them’ or ‘upon them’.
tm oiU
tgiU
Other than, not those who T

Explanation Word
Who earned anger of Allah, damned, cursed %hL
Who got astray, who got away from the right path. ¦
Please accept it. n
Two words i.e. % means ‘Lord, Sustainer’ and 5 stands for
‘my or me’. Phrase means ‘My Lord’.
5 %
p£;
The great tNM
He listened [
Two words i.e. 9 means ‘for’ and sn means ‘who’. Phrase
means ‘for whom’.
s n 9
s
Two words, Ý means praise and thanks and 4 means ‘his or
him’. Phrase means ‘His praise’.
4
4Ý
Two words i.e. % means ‘Lord, Sustainer’ and stands for
‘our or us’. Phrase means ‘Our Lord’.
%
;
These words, ‘for You’. 1 9
v
The highest, the greatest. oiU
The greetings, the salutations $?
The prayers xhi
Purified things or purified emotions $@O

Explanation Word
Peace 8Q
Two words, oiU means ‘on’ whereas 1 means ‘you or your’.
Phrase means ‘on you’.
1 oiU
viU
O (person)! To address someone. gk
The Prophet, here it means Prophet Muhammad. à
Blessings Ý
Two words i.e. $; means benedictions, blessings, whereas
4 means ‘his or him’. Phrase means ‘His blessings’. 4 $;
r;
Two words, oiU means ‘on’ and means ‘our or us’. So the
phrase means ‘on us’.
oiU
iU
Slaves of Allah. &@U
Pious ©
Bestow blessings uY
Progeny, also includes the followers 9
Two words, 1 means ‘like’. n stands for ‘what, which etc.’.
Phrase means ‘like which’
n 1

You bestowed. The word is linked with uY. IiY

Explanation Word
Prophet Abraham 8Q ‫ة‬hi ‫ﮦ‬ÞiU tm;w
Admirable Ý
Great, high, glorified, exalted
Give prosperity, bestow blessings 1;
You bestowed. The word is linked with 1;. Compare
I; with IiY
uY.

1;
I;
Again two words, t means ‘you or your’. Phrase means ‘on
you’. 1 is used for singular and t is plural.
t oiU
tjiU
Rule of the Day Face the Challenge!

Normal form of a noun is its “Subjective” How do you describe the subjective,
case. When a task is done on a specific noun, it objective and possessive cases in the
is its “Objective” case. If a noun belongs English grammar?
something, it is its “Possessive” Case. They
are called

respectively in Arabic.
Do you know?
The Quran challenged the Arabs to produce a chapter like that of Quran. The challenge was never
accepted by the best poets and speakers. All Arabs, whether Muslims or not, agreed that they were
not able to produce a single verse comparable to the Quran.
Labeed, one of the great poets of Arabia, left poetry after his conversion to Islam. Someone asked
him the reason. He said, “How can I do poetry after the Quran?”

English Arabic
@l

vá 1@ 1= ¢tg ¦i v@ [
.1
T r 1 § oM
. t ¢ sO ¢P s n

; '| hUl
.t ¢ s ¢

t Q
;
.M £%
©
.s k£ 8 h k v
n .t ¢ s ¢
.
M ?Q
1 ¢kw @M 1 ¢kw
.t J?Q
-
£ m

t g i U I
M l s k¤ -
Y

n .
¥¢ t g i U %
hL T
.tNM ¢p£; 7@[
.4 s
[
.© v
¢;
.oiU² ¢p£; 7@[

English Arabic
!
$
@£¤O x| h i¢
$
¢
¢?

§p@¢ g§k v
iU 8 ¢Q

‘r ;
.

& @U oiU iU 8 ¢Q

¤ r 7 g Zl
.‘r|h[ ‘4@U ¢

n ¤7l g Zl

9 oiU n oiU o¦iY
¢tg i
9 oiU t m;w oiU I
¦iY

t m;w
. n v
¢w

9 oiU oiU 1 ; ¢tg i
9 oiU t m;w oiU I
;

t m;w
. n v
¢w
.
Ý t|j i U 8 ¢Q


Now translate the English sentences into Arabic. Freely consult the vocabulary table. Compare your
result with the previous page. Calculate your score. Repeat the test, if your score is below 80%.
English Arabic
Allah is the greatest.
O Allah! You are free from all weaknesses. With

Your praise (I say that) Your name is blessed.
Your majesty is high and there is no god other than

You.
I seek refuge in Allah from the rejected Satan.
Allah in the name of, the most Beneficent, the

eternally Merciful.
Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, the most

Beneficent, the eternally Merciful.
Owner of the day of judgment. (O Allah!) You alone

we worship and You alone we ask for help.
Guide us towards the right path.
The path of those whom You have favored.
Neither the path of who earned Your anger nor of

those who astray.
My Lord the great is free from all weaknesses.
Allah has listened who has praised Him.
O our Lord! Praise is for You.

English Arabic
My Lord, The High, is free from all weaknesses.
The greetings, the prayer and the purified things are

for Allah.
O Prophet! Salutations and Allah’s blessings and His

benedictions be upon you.
Peace be upon us and on all pious slaves of Allah.
I declare that there is no god except Allah.
And I declare that verily Muhammad is His slave

and His messenger.
O Allah! Bless Muhammad and the progeny

(followers) of Muhammad.
As You blessed Abraham and the progeny

(followers) of Abraham.
Verily You are praised and exalted.
O Allah! Give benediction to Muhammad and the

progeny (followers) of Muhammad.
As You gave benediction to Abraham and the

progeny (followers) of Abraham.
Verily You are praised and exalted.
Peace and blessings of Allah be upon you.

Lesson 3A: Case

Dear Reader!
As in English, there are three states of a noun which Build Your Personality
is called the ‘case’ i.e. subjective, objective and
possessive cases. Similarly in Arabic, there are three Think from other’s point of view.
cases which are called

. It will broaden your intellectual
horizon and will help you
In English, different cases are denoted by changing
the sequence of words or adding words to it. In
understand and tolerate other’s
Arabic, it is denoted by a change in the %Ul of point of view.
the last letter of a word. Look at the following table.

t[
Possessive Objective Subjective Noun
sQ Q
s Q
s Q

h h h h
%
? ;? %
? %
?
• The Form (%Uw) of Last letter of 80-85% of Arabic Nouns change as per following detail.
• The (subjective case) is normally denoted by putting a rX at the last letter of a noun. It
is the default case. If the default case has a single dhammah, a single fathah and kasrah will be
placed in other cases. If the default case has a double dhammah, a double fathah and kasrah will be
placed in other cases.
• The (objective case) is normally denoted by putting a r? at the last letter of a noun.
Usually an Alif is added after the two fathah, if the last letter is not a round x or a hamzah 6.
• The (possessive case) is normally denoted by putting a xQ at the last letter of a noun.
• If an 9 is placed before a noun, its double movements are converted into single movements.
• A few nouns (appx. 1-2%) do not change their form. They remain the same in all cases. They are called
â@n. For example m (this) will remain the same in all forms
• Some nouns (apprx. 14-15%) change their form, but they are the same in and . They are called
3 n T. For example t m;w will be t m;w in its and form. They carry a rX in but
carry either a r? or a xQ in both and . They also do not carry a tanveen. You will learn
them by experience

Lesson 3A: Case

Test Yourself
The default case is given to you in the right column. Determine the and case for
these nouns.

o Mn
Possessive Objective Meanings Subjective
Muhammad ¢ n
A Prophet 9 h[
The prophet 9| h[
A thing q Z
The thing q| P
A sign, a verse k
The sign, the verse kÄ
A garden ¢
The garden ¢ ¨

A girl, a daughter I
;
The girl, the daughter I
@
A sky, a heaven 6 [
The sky, the heaven 6 ¢Q
Note that by adding an Alif-Laam 9 before a noun results in a single dhammah at the last letter.
If an 9 is not placed before a noun, it has double dhammah.

Lesson 3B: What is Piety?
Dear Reader!
From this lesson onwards, we will read the selected passages If we have the right to accept
from the Holy Quran, the Hadith and selected writings of Arab
a point of view based on
scholars. Look at the styles used in these passages and develop
some arguments, other
your language skills by translating these styles into English
language. people also have the same
right. Try to convince others
In addition to learning the language, also try to develop your
in a positive manner. Do not
personality in light of the attributes mentioned in these verses
and Ahadith. impose your views on others.
Tolerate the different views.
Translation
Translate the following sentences. The vocabulary is available here. You can read the vocabulary
and join the words to make sentences. Do not see the answers before attempting. Each sentence
carries five marks. After completing the exercise, see the answers.
Explanation Word
It is not d

The piety, righteousness ¢@
That 7 l
You turn (towards some direction) h«h
Two words, 4h is the plural of r which means ‘face’.
t means ‘yours’. Overall meaning ‘your faces)
t 4h
tj| m h
Towards u @S
The East 2
P

And, if is repeated several times, you can translate is as a
‘comma’ instead of repeating and, and, and


Explanation Word
The West %
L
But ¢sj
The piety, righteousness ¢@
Who s n
Believed, had faith in s n
Two words, % means ‘with’ and is ‘God’. Overall
meaning ‘with Allah’ or ‘in Allah’.
%
r¤i;
Two words, 8hk means ‘day’ and D means ‘the last’.
Overall meaning ‘the day of judgment’.
D Ä 8 h
The angels j
The book, the divine law. Usually this word is used for the
divine books i.e. the Torah, the Gospels and the Quran.
%
?j
Prophets. @ or 7h@ is the plural of ã.
£@¢
Gives o
Wealth 9
Two words, means ‘love’. 4 means ‘his or him’.
Overall meaning ‘in His (Allah’s) love’.
r £@

Explanation Word
Relatives o; J| 5'
Orphans on?
Poor people
Q
Two words, s; means ‘son’, u@[ means ‘way’. Overall
meaning ‘the son of the way’. This idiom is used to describe u @¢Q s ;
a ‘traveler’.
Poor people who ask for help

i ¢Q
Two words, ä means ‘in’ and ‘%S’ means ‘slavery’.
Overall meaning ‘in slavery’.
%
S£ p
He established, He performed regularly and collectively 8 Sl
Prayer x ¢
Give o
Zakat (the mandatory charity imposed by Islam on rich
people).
x ¢R
Those people who fulfill (their promises or contracts) 7 h|h
Three words, % means ‘with’, gU means ‘promise or
contract’, tm means, ‘their or them’. Overall meaning ‘with tm gU %
tm g M ;
their contracts’.
When 'w

Explanation Word
They promise m U
People who are firm and patient s k;¢
Pain, suffering 6 [B @
Adversity, loss 6 ¢¢
At the time of

War )
B @
They are v
f l|
Those who s k¤
Are truthful h|S Y

When these two words are combined, the make an exclusive
sense i.e. “Only those are the people who….”
t m v
f l|
God fearing, careful about right and wrong. It is plural. Its
singular is pJ?n.
7 h|J¢?
What is singular and plural? How do In Arabic, there are special nouns used to
you make a noun plural in English? describe pairs. It is called r .
Worth Reading
Pure Monotheism! What is the difference between Monotheism and Polytheism? Read this
article at http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE01-0009-Monotheism.htm

English p;U
¢@ d

%
L 2
P
u @S t j| m h h«h 7 l
¢@ ¢sj

j D Ä 8 h r ¤i; s n sn

£@¢ % ?j
:r £@ oiU 9 o
s ;
Q on? o; J| 5'
%
S£ p i ¢Q u @¢Q
x ¢R o x ¢ 8 Sl
m U 'w t m g M ; 7 h|h
)
B @
6 ¢¢ 6 [B @ p s k;¢
.7 h|J¢? t m v
f l| h|S Y
s k¤ v
f l|
(2:177 xJ@)
Do you know?
Arabic is the most structured language of the world. If you know the rules of deriving words, you
can produce hundreds of words from a single word. These rules will be described in detail at
Level 3 & 4.


Now translate the English sentences into Arabic. Freely consult the vocabulary table. Compare your
result with the previous page. Calculate your score. Repeat the test, if your score is below 80%.
English p;U
It is not righteousness (or piety)
That you turn your faces towards the East or

the West
But the (behavior of) righteousness is:
(That of a person) who believes in Allah, the

Day of Judgment, the angels, the divine
books and the Prophets.
And gives his wealth due to His (Allah’s)

love to:
(the poor) relatives, orphans, poor, (needy)
traveler, those who ask for financial help, and
those in slavery.
And establish the prayer and pay the Zakat.
And (the people) who fulfill their

responsibilities when they enter into a
contract
Those who are firm and patient during
suffering, adversity and at the time of war.
These are the people who are truthful and

these are the people who are righteous (and
pious).

Lesson 4A: Number

Dear Reader!
All languages have separate words for singular and Build Your Personality
plural nouns. Normally, plural nouns are derived Building a nation is a long process. If you
from the singular nouns. As in English, we add ‘s’ or want to build your nation, don’t expect the
‘es’ at end of each singular noun to derive its plural results of your effort in days.
noun.
In Arabic, the situation is not different. But the difference between the Arabic and other languages is that
there are three words are used to describe the number of a noun. They are called

.
• : means singular. For example u (a man), xlnw (a woman), ¢ (a garden) etc.
• : is used for two items, usually used to describe persons or things in pairs. For example 7 (two
men), 7nw (two ladies), 7? (two gardens) etc. The simplest way to make is to add an Alif +
Noon 7 at end of a noun, if the noun is in subjective case (). If the noun is in objective () or
possessive ( ) case, a Ya + Noon sk is added and the 5 is followed by a fathah. For example i
(two men), nw (two ladies), ? (two gardens) etc
• å: means plural. In Arabic, plural means three or more. For example 9 (3 or more men), $ lnw (3
or more ladies), $ ¢ (3 or more gardens).
There are certain rules to make a noun plural.
• For most of nouns, plural can be made by adding Wa + Noon 7 at the end of a masculine noun and Alif
+ Ta $ at the end of feminine noun. For example, 7
hi Qn (many Muslims), 7 h n en (many believers),
7 ;U (many worshippers), $
i Qn (many Muslim ladies), $
n en (many believer women), $
;U
(many worshipper women) etc.
• This is applicable in the subjective case (). If a masculine noun is in objective () or possessive
( ) case, a Ya + Noon sk is added and the 5 is followed by a kasrah. For example i Qn (many
Muslims), n en (many believers), s k;U (many worshippers).
• If a feminine noun is in objective () or possessive ( ) case, the last letter of the word will have a
kasrah in both cases. In , it will carry a kasrah instead of a fathah. For example $ i Qn (many
Muslim ladies), $ n en (many believer women), $ ;U (many worshipper women) etc.
Do you know?
Rule of the Day
The Quran changed the lives of Arabs. It
sk \ 7 is the symbol of r whereas sk \ 7 transformed unorganized and insurgent Arabs
is the symbol å. into the world’s largest super power of its
time.

Lesson 4A: Number å

There are many nouns, whose plural is not made by following these rules. It is called ¢Qj
n å.They are
derived from the speech of native people. For example,
?| (many books), 9 (3 or more men) etc.
They have fathah in objective () case and kasrah in possessive case ( ) at their end. There plural is
learnt by studying the dictionary or the Arabic Literature.
They are used at certain structures. The benefit of learning these structures is that you will consider the
word at anyone of these structure will usually be a plural word. Just put the letters instead of 9
/
3 and
get the ¢Qj
n å.
9 M l

& l
I
S $
Sl
]
kZ

3
Zl
O n Onl
9 h M |

v
i n 1 h|in
m Z ! & hgZ

iS
%
h|iS|
r 4 h
" & h
9 M

%
hE
%
E
u 9

@ # @

L Y
LY

i ; " & ;
u M |

%
? #

?|
K[ #
s K| [
K Y
#

]

Y

J kW !" 2
W|
kn " 7 n
6 M|

k( 6 (

n l 6 n l|
t U

6 i U
r K[
6 gK [
gZ ! " 6 g Z
u M l

g Z
g Z l
u
u l
d
K
d
K| l

U s Ul

; $
; l
6 M l

p
@
6 @l

@ #
$ 6 ¢@ l

kS
$ 6 ;
S l
æp T 6 Tl
§p 6 l
7 M|

)
7 [ |
i ; " 7 i;

S #
7 @
S|

u| M

U Y
U
R ( % 9| ( (

h

h
m h
m h
u| M

u
k S u| k& S
7 Oi [
W [
2
Y #

\
k& Y

kçD k( D
7 ?Q;
Q;
i M

'
?[|l x [l
i x n
v
i n
j n &
"

u| U Kn

Qn
% Qn
@?j n
#"
jn

N n " V n
u ?Jn
u| Jn &
"

u| UKn

!
?K n " G
Kn
i Jn " Jn
%
h?jn
!
jn &
"

Note that certain structures are 3 n T. It means that a skh cannot be used at their last letter. When
they are in possessive or objective case, their last letter will always carry a fathah. They are
|uM
6 M l
6M|
|uM
|uUKn
|uU Kn :
Plural of some nouns can be used at more than one structures. For example, the plural of ; is
h;
;

;l. For words having more than one meaning, plural in one meaning is used at one structure
while that in the other meaning is used at another structure. For example @U means a slave of a man or a
slave of God. In first meaning its plural is
@U while in the other meaning its plural is & @U .

Describe the difference between normal 7 \ 7 denotes whereas sk is the symbol
plural and Qjn å?
.


Test Yourself (1)
You are provided with singular nouns. Make and å for these nouns. Qjn å is already
provided wherever applicable, Fill in the blanks. Each line carries 6 marks.
o Mn

Plural Two / Pair Meanings Singular
| |

i Qn 7 hi Qn i Qn 7i Qn Muslim t i Qn

?| |
?|
?| Book %
?
7 J?n Pious person pJ?n
Believer s n hn
t V Ul t V Ul Greatest t N Ul
6 gK [ Foolish
person
rK[
Reformer G
i
n
WZ
W Z Satan, devil 7 OZ
One who
make disorder
Q
Kn
$
i| V| | $
i| V| $
i| V| Darkness i|V
Lightening on
\ U hY
the sky JU Y
during rain
$
¢ Garden ¢


o Mn

| |
Person who
goes astray
9X
$
hi Y
Prayer xhiY

%
h|iS| Heart
iS
,
nl Disease ,
n
h [ A chapter of
Quran
xh[
Worshipper ;U
gl River, canal g
7 ' Ear 7 '|
9 nl Example u n
Punishment %
U
LY
Small
L Y

Covering xPT
Person with
bad character
\ [
Light h


Test Yourself (2)

You are provided with feminine nouns. Make their and
in all three forms.
o Mn
| |
$
i Qn | $
i Qn $
i Qn ? i Qn 7? i Qn Muslim
female
i Qn
Worshipper
female
x;U
Prostrating
female
x [
Observing
female
xV
Fasting
female
Y
Believing
female
n en
Married
female
@£E
Devout
female
?S
Pious female Y
Truthful
female
S& Y
A female
protecting N
herself
Patient
female
x;Y
Humble
female
MZ D


Test Yourself (3)
You are provided with feminine nouns. Make their masculine nouns with their and
in all
three forms.
n en

Plural Two / Pair Masculine Feminine
| |

i Qn 7 hi Qn i Qn 7i Qn t i Qn i Qn
x;U
x [
xV
Y
n en
@£E
?S
Y
S& Y
N
x;Y
MZ D

Lesson 4B: Allah, There is no god except Him!
Dear Reader!
This lesson contains Quranic verses about Always remember that we have to meet our
Allah and His attributes. Allah is only one and
Lord. We will be accountable for our deeds.
He is actively controlling entire universe.
Translation
Translate the following sentences. The vocabulary is available after the sentences. You can read
the vocabulary and join the words to make sentences. Do not see the answers before attempting.
Each sentence carries five mark. After completing the exercise, see the answers.
Explanation Word
No, never, not
God r w
Except ¤w
He, Him h m
Living, self-subsisting §p

Eternal 8 h§J
Two words, DB means ‘seize’ and 4 means ‘his or him’.
4 | D B
4 | D B
Overall meaning, ‘seize him’.
Slumber [
Sleep 8 h
Two words, 9 means ‘for’ and 4 means ‘his or him’. Overall
4 9
r
meaning, ‘for him’.
Which, what, that n

In, inside, p

Explanation Word
Skies, heavens. Its singular is 6á which means a single sky or
$
h ¢Q
heaven.
The Earth ,
²
Three words, sn means ‘who, which’, ' means ‘that’, 5 means
‘that’. The full phrase 5 ' sn means that ‘who is the person that 5¤ ' s n
can….’
Intercede, recommend K P
k
Two words, U means ‘near’, 4 means ‘his or him’. Overall
4 U
meaning ‘near him’ or ‘in front of him’.
Three words, % means ‘with’, 7'w means ‘permission’ and 4 means

4 7'w %
r ' C;
‘his or him’. Overall meaning ‘with his permission’.
He knows t i M k
Between s ;
Two words, 5kl means ‘two hands’. tm means ‘them or their’.
Overall meaning ‘their two hands’. tgkkl ; n is an idiom which tm 5kl
t g kkl
means “whatever is in front of them”.
Two words, ]iD means ‘behind’. tm means ‘them or their’. Overall

tm ]iD
t g K i D
meaning ‘behind them’.
They can get access to….., they can comprehend to …. 7 h|Ok
Two words, % means ‘with’ and 6pZ means ‘thing’. Overall
6pZ %
6 p P
;
meaning ‘with any thing’.
From s n
Two words, tiU means ‘knowledge’. 4 means ‘his or him’. Overall
4 tiU
r i U
meaning ‘his knowledge’.

Explanation Word
Three words, % means ‘with’, n means ‘what or whatever’
and 6Z means ‘he likes’. Overall meaning ‘whatever He 6Z n %
6Z ;
likes’.
Extends [
Two words, p[ means ‘throne or chair’. It stands for the
controlling point of this universe. Overall meaning ‘His 4 p[
r §[ |
throne’.
Two words, &hfk means ‘fatigue’. 4 means ‘his or him’.

4 &hfk
4& h|fk
Overall meaning ‘fatigue him’.
Two words, _K means ‘protection’ or ‘guarding’. è means

è _K
g N| K
‘both of them’.
The most high, the exalted §pi M
The greatest, the supreme t NM
Compulsion, religious persecution 4 w
Religion s k£
Verily, this word is added to make a sentence empathetic.
With past tense, it gives the sense of Present Perfect Tense.
S
Made it clear, made it distinctive s ¢@
Guidance, the tight path Z §
From s n

Explanation Word
Error, the wrong path £pL
Two words, 3 means ‘so’, sn means ‘whoever, that’. Overall
s
meaning ‘so whoever’.
Denounce K| j k
Two words, % means ‘with’. $hTW means ‘force of evil’.
$hTW 9 %
$
h|T¤O;
In translation, the preposition % will be ignored.
Believe s n e k
Two words, 3 means ‘so’ whereas S means ‘verily’ J
Hold firmly v
Q
?[
Hand hold xU 9 %

x M ;
Firm, strong oJEh
Break, split 8 K

Two words, 9 means ‘for’ and m means ‘it’. Overall meaning
m 9
g
‘for it’.
Listener [
Knower t iU
Protector, friend §p

Explanation Word
Two words, sk means ‘those who’, h n means ‘believed’.
h n s k¤
Overall meaning ‘those who believed’.
Two words, " means ‘He brings out’, tm means ‘them or

tm "
t g
k
their’. Overall meaning ‘bring them out’.
Darkness $
i| N«
Towards ow
Light h§
Two words, ‘those who disbelieve’ or ‘unbelievers’. K s k¤

Two words, 6l is plural of é means ‘protectors’ or
‘guardians’. tm means ‘them or their’. Overall ‘their tm 6l
t m z l
guardians’.
Two words, 7h means ‘they bring out’. Overall meaning,

tm 7h
t g h
k
‘they bring out them (unbelievers)’
They v
f l|
%Yl means ‘friends or companions’. means ‘fire’. ¢ %
Y
l
Overall meaning ‘companions of fire’.
They t m
Two words, ä means ‘in or inside’. m means ‘it’. Overall
m ä
g
meaning ‘in it’.
Forever 7 D

English p;U
h m ¤w r w r ¤i
8 h§J §p

8 h [ 4 | D B
,
² p n $
h ¢Q p n r
r ' C; ¤w 4 U K P

k 5¤ ' s n
t g K i D n t g kkl s ; n t i M k
6 Z ; ¤w r i U s n 6 p P

; 7 h|Ok
4 & h|fk ,
² $ h ¢Q r §[ | [
t NM §pi M h m g N| K
s k£ p 4 w
£pL s n Z § s ¢@ S

What is a pronoun? If the name of a noun is used in a sentence, it is
not repeated again and again. Instead of name,
certain words e.g. he, she, they, you, I, we are
used. Search the name of these words in the
English Grammar.

English p;U
J r ¤i; s n e k $
h|T¤O; K| j k s
g 8 K oJEh x M ; v
Q ?[
t iU [ r ¤i
$
i| N« s n t g
k h n s k¤ §p r ¤i
h§ ow
$
h|T¤O t m z l K s k¤
$
i| N« ow h§ s n t g h
k
.7 D g t m ¢ %
Y
l v
f l|
(2:255-257 xJ@)
Do you know?
When Prophet Muhammad ti[ r riU oiY presented the message of Quran, the Arabs rejected
it. He continued his struggle to convey God’s message. At last, entire Arab nation accepted his
message. Within a period of 10-15 years, two super powers of the time i.e. Roman & Persian
empires surrendered and the Muslim empire was stretched from present-day Pakistan to Morocco.
Interesting fact is that there was a completed religious freedom in that empire.
Worth Reading
Character of Ancient Religious Scholars at Jerusalem. Read this article at
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0014-Jerusalem.htm


Now translate the English sentences into Arabic. Freely consult the vocabulary table. Compare your result
with the previous page. Calculate your score. Repeat the test, if your score is below 80%.
English p;U
Allah, there is no god except Him.
The living, the eternal.
He neither slumbers nor sleeps.
Whatever is in heavens and the earth belongs to Him.
Who can intercede in front of Him without His permission.
He knows what is in their hands and what is behind them (i.e. an

idiom which means that He knows all of their deeds)
They cannot compass anything from His knowledge except what
He likes (to disclose).
His throne (control of universe) is more vast than the heavens and
the earth. Guarding of both of them (heavens & earth) does not
fatigues Him. He is the exalted, the supreme.
There is no persecution in the religion.
Verily, the true path has been made clearly distinctive from error.
Whoever renounces the forces of evil and believes in Allah, has

grasped the firm hand-hold which will never break.
And Allah hears all and knows all.
Allah is the protector of believers. He brings them out of darkness

and leads them into the light.
Evil forces are the guardians of those who do not believe. They
bring them out of the light and lead them into the darkness.
(As a result) they become the companions of the Hellfire. They
will live there forever.

Lesson 5A: Pronouns
Dear Reader!
Pronoun is a word used instead of a noun. For Build Your Personality
example, we use the words ‘he, she, it, they, I, Develop the love of Allah. Think about His
we’ instead of the name of a person. blessings upon us. Also develop the love of
Like English, in Arabic, we have three positions His prophets. Think about our moral
of a pronoun. Either we are talking about a condition that would have been without the
person, or talking with that person, or a person is prophets.
talking about himself.
They are called the third, second and first person in English grammar. In Arabic, they are called
tij?n
X
T respectively. These cases have separate words for masculine and feminine
and for different number of people. The total number of pronouns should be 18 i.e. 3 x 3 x 2, but
thanks to Arabs, that they use only two pronouns for the first person tij?n.
Masculine and feminine does not necessarily mean human beings. If a non-living matter is
considered masculine or feminine, its pronoun will also be of the same gender. It is opposite to the
English language. We use the pronoun ‘it’ for non-living matter in the English. But in Arabic, we
use the masculine / feminine pronouns.
This is one of the most important topics in learning the Arabic language. We will conduct a lot of
exercises to clarify the concepts of pronouns. Look at the table on the next page.

What is the difference between “he, his, There are three possibilities to describe a
and him”? What is the difference noun: The person may be talking about himself
between “I, my and me”? (first person), talking about the audience
(second person) or talking about someone else
(third person).
Do you know?
The basic message of the Quran is to live a God-oriented life based on the ethical principals. We
are required to submit ourselves to Allah. The person who violates ethical principles does not live
a God-oriented life.
Worth Reading
Examining Others with Suspicion. Read this article at
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0005-Examiningothers.htm

Lesson 5A: Pronouns
LY ] Y &U
Subjective Case Person Gender Number
He h m T n

They both (male) m T n
They all (male) t m T n å
She p m T en
They both (female) m T en
They all (female) ¢sm T en å
You (male) I
l X n
You both (male) ?l X n
You all (male) t ?l X n å
You (a female) I
l X en
You both (female) ?l X en
You all (female) ¢s?l X en å
I (male or female) l tij?n en|n
We (male or female) s
tij?n en|n å

Lesson 5A: Pronouns
Test Yourself (1): Subjective Case

Complete the table. Frequently consult the table on the previous page.
English p;U
He is a Muslim man. t i Q
n h m
Both of them are Muslim men.
All of them are Muslims men.
She is a Muslim woman.
Both of them are Muslim women.
All of them are Muslim women.
He is a Muslim man.
Both of them are Muslim men.
All of them are Muslim men.
She is a Muslim woman.
Both of them are Muslim women.
All of them are Muslim women.
I am a Muslim man.
We are Muslim men.
I am a Muslim woman.
We are Muslim women.

Lesson 5A: Pronouns
Test Yourself (2) : Subjective Case

Complete the table. Frequently consult the table on the previous pages.
English p;U
He is a pious man. G
Y h m
Both of them are pious men.
All of them are pious men.
She is a pious woman.
Both of them are pious women.
All of them are pious women.
He is a pious man.
Both of them are pious men.
All of them are pious men.
She is a pious woman.
Both of them are pious women.
All of them are pious women.
I am a pious man.
We are pious men.
I am a pious woman.
We are pious women.

Lesson 5A: Pronouns
Test Yourself (3) : Subjective Case

English p;U
He is a believer man. s n en h m
Both of them are believer men.
All of them are believer men.
She is a believer woman.
Both of them are believer women.
All of them are believer women.
He is a believer man.
Both of them are believer men.
All of them are believer men.
She is a believer woman.
Both of them are believer women.
All of them are believer women.
I am a believer man.
We are believer men.
I am a believer woman.
We are believer women.

Lesson 5A: Pronouns
Objective & possessive case of pronouns will be slightly different.

LY
Possessive Objective Subjective Person
His 4 Him 4 He h m T n

Their
both
m Both of
them
m They
both
m T n
Their t m Them t m They t m T n å
Her m Her m She p m T en

Their
both
m Both of
them
m They
both
m T en
Their ¢sm Them ¢sm They ¢sm T en å
Your 1 You 1 You I

l X n
Both
Yours
| Both of
You
| You
both
?l X n
Your t | You all t | You all t ?l X n å
Your 1 You 1 You I

l X en
Both
Yours
| Both of
you
| You
both
?l X en
Your ¢s| You all ¢s| You all ¢s?l X en å
My ê
: Me ê
: I l tij?n
Our Us We s
tij?n å

Lesson 5A: Pronouns
Test Yourself (4) : Possessive Case

English p;U
His book r ;?
Their book (two men)
Their book (3 or more men)
Her book
Their book (two women)
Their book (3 or more women)
Your book (a single man)
Your book (two men)
Your book (3 or more men)
Your book (a single woman)
Their book (two women)
Their book (3 or more women)
My book
Our book

Lesson 5A: Pronouns

English p;U
His house r ?;
Their house (two men)
Their house (3 or more men)
Her house
Their house (two women)
Their house (3 or more women)
Your house (a single man)
Your house (two men)
Your house (3 or more men)
Your house (a single woman)
Their house (two women)
Their house (3 or more women)
My house
Our house

Lesson 5A: Pronouns

English p;U
His talk r n
Their talk (two men)
Their talk (3 or more men)
Her talk
Their talk (two women)
Their talk (3 or more women)
Your talk (a single man)
Your talk (two men)
Your talk (3 or more men)
Your talk (a single woman)
Their talk (two women)
Their talk (3 or more women)
My talk
Our talk

Lesson 5A: Pronouns
Test Yourself (7) : Objective Case

English p;U
Said to him r S
Said to both of them (male)
Said to all of them (male)
Said to her
Said to both of them (female)
Said to all of them (female)
Said to you (a single man)
Said to both of you (male)
Said to all of you (male)
Said to you (a single female)
Said to both of you (female)
Said to all of you (female)
Said to me
Said to us

Lesson 5A: Pronouns

English p;U
Helped him 4

Helped both of them (male)
Helped all of them (male)
Helped her
Helped both of them (female)
Helped all of them (female)
Helped you (a single man)
Helped both of you (male)
Helped all of you (male)
Helped you (a single female)
Helped both of you (female)
Helped all of you (female)
Helped me
Helped us

Lesson 5A: Pronouns

English p;U
Listened him r M [
Listened both of them (male)
Listened all of them (male)
Listened her
Listened both of them (female)
Listened all of them (female)
Listened you (a single man)
Listened both of you (male)
Listened all of you (male)
Listened you (a single female)
Listened both of you (female)
Listened all of you (female)
Listened me
Listened us

Lesson 5A: Pronouns
Test Yourself (10) : Comprehensive

Fill in the blanks by putting the correct pronoun. Frequently consult the table on the previous pages.
English p;U
_____ is the One Who has created for _____
whatever is in the earth.
,
² p n t j| \ i D 5¤ h m
The Satan tempted _________. 7| O ¢P g ¤( B
So they used to learn (the art) from ______ 6 s ; r ; 7 h|S£K k n g n 7 h¤iM ?
r (
by _____ they used to discord between a
husband and _____ wife.
You blessed upon _____, not those You were

angry upon ______.
t g i U %
hL T t g i U I
M l
They ask _____ about the intoxicants and the g u S| Q

s U v
h|BQ
k

@ t Ew
gambling. Say, “In ______, there is a great
sin.
Verily, only ____ is the one Who accepts
repentance, the merciful.
t ¢ %
¢h¢? h m r ¢w
So there is no harm on ______ if they revoke
the divorce.
M ?k 7 l g i U !

And on the hereafter, _____ believe. 7 h S hk t m x DÄ;
That is the fire _____ fuel is men and stones. x|
)
¢ m& h|S p?¤ ¢
And for _____, there will be purified spouses
in _____.
( l g t g
x ¢gO n "
And what is revealed before _____. v
i @ S s n 9 R l| n
Do you want to exchange ______ is superior
for ______ is inferior.
D h m 5¤; o& l h m 5¤ 7 h| @ ?Q
l
So there is no harm on _____, if one goes
around _______ (i.e. Safa & Marwah).
g ; 3
¢h¤Ok 7 l r i U !

They said, “Are you appointing a viceroy in
___, who will cause mischief in ___ g Q
K k s n g u| M
l h|S
(earth)?”

Lesson 5A: Pronouns
English p;U
Verily, ______ are one perfect in knowledge
and wisdom.
t j
t iM I ¢w
l v
O Adam! Dwell ______ and ______ wife in
the garden.
¢
v
( I
l s j| [ 8 & k
So pray _____ Lord for ______. v
¢; /
&
He said, “O Mary! From where did this came
for _____.
m v
o¢l t k n k 9 S
And _____ is the truth testifying what is with
______.
t g M n S£ h m
n §\
In ______ hearts, there is a disease. ,
n t g ;h|iS| p
_____ throne is more vast than the heavens ,
² $
h ¢Q r §[ | [
g N| K 4 & h|fk
and the earth and protection of ______ does
not fatigue ______.
Which the earth produces, such as ___ green- g¤S gi J ; s n ,

² I @ ¢n
gi ; g[ U gn h|
herbs, ____ cucumbers, _____ garlic, ____
lentils and _____ onions.
Thus We made _____ fate an exemplary
punishment.
j m i M

And ____ sing Your praises and glorify
____.
v
)
£J 1
; G
£@Q
s

Certainly, the guidance provided by Allah,
_____ is the true guidance.
:g h m r ¤i :m ¤7w
Allah has put a seal on _____ hearts, on t g M [ oiU t g ;h|iS| oiU r ¤i t ?D
_____ ears and on ______ eyes. t m ;l oiU
O Mary! Surely Allah has exalted _____, 1 ¢gW 1 KO Y r ¤i ¤7w t k n k

M 6 Q oiU 1 KO Y
purified _____, and selected _____ (for His
service) over all the women of the world.
Remember when two parties from ____ r ¤i PK 7 l t j| n 7 ?K W I
¢m ' w
g §
meditated cowardice, but Allah was the
protector for ______.

Lesson 5A: Pronouns
English p;U
Certainly, Allah provides _____ with a good news G
Q r [ r n i j ; 1 £P@k r ¤i ¤7w
t k n s ; oQU
of a word from _____. _____ name will be
Messiah, Jesus the son of Mary.
O Lord! How can there be a son for _____. p 7| h|jk o¢l £%
He said, “_____ give life and cause death. I
nl| p l| l 9 S
He leaves ____ alone in ____ trespasses, so they
wander to and fro like a blind person.
7 hg M k t g L W| p t m § k
From ____, whoever will commit an open
indecency …..
£@n P
K; ¢sj| n $
B k s n
_____ will live in _____ forever. 7 D g t m
And from ______, He spread countless men and
women.
6 Q g n ¤;
Verily, _____ are the One who has knowledge of
the unseen.
%
hL 8 ¤U I
l v
¢w
_____ are Muslim women. $
iQn ¢s?l
_____ is the listener (everything) and
knowledgeable for everything.
t iM ¢Q h m
_____ are _____ attire and ____ are ____ attire. ¢sg )
@ t ?l t j| )
@ ¢sm
_____ are a woman. xlnw I
l
Beware! Surely _____ are those who cause
mischief.
7 Q
K t m t g ¢w l
And stay at _____ home. ¢sj| h; p 7 S
For each one of _____, 1/6 part (will be given as
inheritance).
)
§Q g n ¥uj|
And do not conduct a sexual intercourse with p 7 h|K U t ?l ¢sm Z @
Q
_____ while _____ stay (for 10 days in) the
Mosques.

Lesson 5A: Pronouns
English p;U
And the divorced women must keep _______ 6 S| EE ¢sg Q
K| B; s ¢; ?k $
J¤iO
waiting for three menstrual cycles. And it is
not lawful for _____ that they hide what ever
p r ¤i \ i D n s ?j k 7 l ¢sg u«
k
Allah has created in _____ wombs. ¢sg n l
____ will not be stretching ____ hand
towards you (to slay you).
v
w 5 k `
[ @; l n
Surely, _____ are a test, so do not disbelieve. K| j ? s
¢w
O Adam! Inform _____ about _____ names. t g [ B; t g f @l 8 & k
_____ are submitting for Him. 7 hi Q
n r s

And they did not harm ____, but they were
causing harm to ______.
7 hi N k t g Q
K| l h s j hi V n
Guide ____ towards the straight path. t J?Q £ m
-
_____ should help ______. ¢sg
I
l
The disciples said, “_____ are the helpers for
Allah’s (cause).”
r ¤i l s
7 h§k h
9 S
And the two from ____, who commit ____, ; 7 C m |' t j| n gB k 7 ¤i
g U hX U B i Y l
punish ______. So if they repent and
improve, then leave _____.
And ____ was not the one from those who
are rightly guided.
s k?g s n l n
So keep away from women during the a
p 6 Q£ h|R ?U
7 g O k o¢? ¢sm h; J
menstrual cycles and do not approach ____
until they are clean.
Verily, it is one of ____ tricks. Surely, ____

trick is mighty indeed.
t NU ¢s| ¤7w ¢s| s n r ¢w

Lesson 5A: Pronouns
English p;U
And ____ am not the one from the
polytheists.
s n l n
P
And ____ are not a follower of ____
direction for prayers.
t g ?i @ S ;?; I
l n
And if you have a doubt about what We have
revealed on _____ slave
@ U oiU ¢R ¢n
k p t ? | 7 w
Surely, _____ are the reformers. 7 hi ¢w
n s
This is the (food) which was given to ____
before.
u| @ S s n S ( 5¤ m
Then come, I give ____ the wealth and let
____ go in an honorable way.

[ ¢sj| £[ l| ¢sj| M £?n l| s M?
O ____ Lord! Do not make ____ accountable
if we forget or commit a mistake.
B O D l l Q 7 w D e ¢;
And do not place a burden on ____ as You oiU r ?i Yw i U u
i @ S s n s k¤
have placed ____ on those who were before
____.
O ____ Lord! Do not place a burden on ____

for which there is no strength in ___ to bear.
r ; S W n i £
¢;
And pardon ____, forgive ____, have mercy l K T ¢ U ]
hn I U
s k j 8 h J oiU

on ___, _____ are ____ Protector, so help
____ against the unbeliever group.
How can ____ be the king on _____? §\ l s

i U v
i r 7| h|jk o¢l
r n v
i ;
Whereas ____ deserve more the power than
_____.
So ____ and ____ Lord go to fight them. J v

§; I
l
m '
Thus, Allah promises the generous women l ¢sj| n $
Q
i ¢U l r ¤i ¤7C
among _____ the great reward. NU

Lesson 5B: Intentions, Begging & Praising Others

From this lesson, we shall start studying the Spend a percentage of your wealth in
Hadith of Prophet Muhammad ti[ riU oiY. Allah’s way.
Translation
Translate the following sentences. The vocabulary is available here. You can read the vocabulary
and join the words to make sentences. We are not providing %Uw on repeated words to develop
your habit of reading without %Uw. Do not see the answers before attempting. Each sentence
carries five mark. After completing the exercise, see the answers.
Explanation Word Explanation Word

What he intended :h n He described Hadith to us. E¢
So whoever s He said. 9 S
Was I
He informed me. p @D l
His migration r m That definitely he r ¢l
This world, worldly matters & He listened from s U [
He finds it / he will find it. g@ k He says / he will say, he is
saying
9| h|Jk
Woman (feminine of ynw) x ln I listened I
M [
He marries her / he will marry
her
g j k Definitely only this ¢w
He migrated m Acts, deeds 9| U ²
The upper hand i M With intentions $
¢£ ;
Better, the best D For each ¥uj|
Lower oiK Q Man, person 6 :n

Explanation Word Explanation Word

So he proceeded M Start! l;
Miqdad r U oX, one of oldest
companions
& J With whom s ;
So he bent Who belongs to your family 9| h M
His both knees r ?@ The charity S ¢
He was 7 Back, after doing something g V
Fat X Rich o T
He poured dust upon h| k He avoids / will avoid
begging
]
K M ?Q k
His face r g He protects / will protect him r ¤KM k
Pebbles 6 @ © He dispenses with / will
dispense with
s L ?Q k
What happened to you? Èv
BZ n He satisfies / will satisfy him r L k
When 'w The word _
| K¤i
You saw, (with 'w it means
“when you see”)
t ?kl Both of them said S
People who praise, plural of !n
Verily that ¤7l
So pour dust upon h| A man

Their faces (plural of r ) t g m h He made, he put u M
Dust %
§? He praises / will praise !
k

English p;U
:9 S 5 ©
| E¢
:9S 7| K [ E¢
:9S 5² M [ s ; o
k E¢
:§p ? t m ;w s ; ¢

n p @D l
:9| h|Jk p¥i +

S s ; J i U [ r ¢l
@ oiU r U
p X
%
¤Oª
s ; U I
M [
:9S
:9| hJk ti[ riU oiY
9 h [ I
M [

:h n 6 :n ¥uj| ¢w
$¢£ ; 9| U ² ¢w”

g@
k & ow r
m I
s
“.r w m n ßw r
g
g
j k x ln ßw l
(1
oh %?
:<)

Describe in a paragraph what have you Subjective pronouns () are used as a separate
learnt during Level 1?
word while objective / possessive pronouns \ )
( are attached at the end of a word.

English p;U
:uUáw s; o[hn E¢
:
m E¢
pX 8 R s ; t j s U
r;l s U
8Pm E¢
:9 S ti[ riU oiY £p@ sU
r U

oiK Q
s n D i M ”

|9h M s ; l;

o T g V s U S ¢ D

r K M k ]
K M ?Q
k s n
(1361
xhR %?
:<) “.
r L k s L ?Q
k s n
Do you know?
Arabic of 6th & 7th century is preserved in the Quran, the Hadith which are narrated to us in the
words of Prophet ti[ r riU oiY and the poetry and speeches of the period before /after Islam.
Worth Reading
The Problem of Aurengzeb Alamgir regarding the educational system of his time. Read this
article at http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE05-0001-Aurengzeb.htm

English p;U
_
| K¤i) ¢P; s; o¢ s ; E
: S (o¢ s ;
: K M s ; E
s ; 8 ¢m sU
tm;w sU
h n sU | @MZ E
Ð#©
.7 U !
k u M
¤7l

7 .r ?@ oiU
.& J M
. X
.6 @
©
r g p h|
k u M

9 h[ ¤7w :9J ÈvBZ n :7| U r 9 J
:9S ti[ riU oiY
."%
§? t g m h p h|
t ?kl 'w"
(3002
\S mR %?
tiQn)

What’s Next?
In Level 1, you have learnt the Arabic script and the religious Arabic language used in routine life. At
next level, you will start learn Intermediate Arabic. Some highlights are as follows:
• Proper & Common Nouns

• Arabic Phrases
• Pointing Nouns
• Arabic Sentences
• Linking Pronouns
• Arabic Numbers
• Fractional & Adjective Numbers
• Prepositions, Conjunctions, Interrogations, Exclamations and Other Huroof
• Directions & Relations
In addition to that, you will also see some advanced passages from the Quran, the Hadith, some
speeches and writings of ancient scholars and more.
So continue Level 2 for learning the Intermediate Arabic.
Worth Reading
Personality Development Program. A series of articles at
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/Personalityenglish.htm

Bibliography
Following sources are consulted during preparation of this book:
;M Li tiM k 7J

xh k; n[» Mn
;M Li tiM t k j 7| |J
tm;w s; s ¢ @U h?&
vkk s ; | ¢; M dl s; v
We
@U
Q mO ?n h?&
7(hK 5< 8nì
G n
u \
tiQn 8nì
G¢ n
.3 h?
g; s J W L ¢; M L i| )
&
n s; pQ 5n && l s [
t @U
p;M %&² h 3 tiU
ÞhQ ][hk s;
%
M m( l pmK sk
h 2@[l
h?
p; M £b¢ 6 hX p ¢; M T @ | [ & 7D s ]O
ní p;U 7[
)OM l s; @U 7D ?Q@U 5hhn
tiMn p;U
riU piY 9h[¢ O| D p nU» h
5Qnl s ¢@U _
3¢ %
?
I;E piU s; M[
ti[ MQ ]Oi @U
OQ@ ;M Li UhS
p Q piU s Q
h;l
%
M %
& l sn $?
n h?&
U ?n l h?&
p[[² h
5 [ h?&
7m( ) oKOn
Il s @U h?
;¢ x sn hY
]Oi@U
Z; snl oKOn 8 piU
GXh h
tmT )hnS pZ g l Q
| ¢; M L i| |[[² U hJ
pj@i M ; p h?
5Rijw p;U )hnS & h T@ tiU
[ H
n@ Y P )hnJ snl oKOn 8 piU
X
h | T @
5;R p Q on Q
)M " Q
k@ 7 @ pM p T@ mh
pZ g l
ê i
T@ [l

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Quranic Arabic

At end of this level, you will be able to understand the

Lesson 7: Double Letters (Tashdeed) 45

Lesson 8: Read Sentences 52

Lesson 9: Start Writing Arabic 63

Lesson 10: Practice Yourself 64

Level 1: Learn the Basic Arabic Language 65

Lesson 1A: Parts of Speech 66

Lesson 1B: Basic Hymns 70

Lesson 2A: Gender     75

Lesson 2B: The Prayer 80

Lesson 3A: Case 

Lesson 3B: What is Piety? 92

Lesson 4A: Number 

Lesson 4B: Allah, There is no god except Him! 105

Lesson 5A: Pronouns  113

Lesson 5B: Intentions, Begging & Praising Others 130

What’s next? 135

Quranic Arabic Program 2 Level 01

Rule of the Day

Face the Challenge! Worth Reading

Quranic Arabic Program 3 Level 01

The Program is organized as follows:

Ask Your Questions

Quranic Arabic Program 4 Level 01

Set-up Your Resources

Quranic Arabic Program 5 Level 01

Level 0: Learn the Arabic Script

At end of this level, you will be able to read the

Quranic Arabic Program 6 Level 01

All languages consist of alphabets. Each alphabet

Letter Name Description

 Alif Its sound is like ‘A’ as in ‘CAR’.

It has no equivalent in English, but comes closest to the ‘KH’ sound

Face the Challenge! Face the Challenge!

Quranic Arabic Program 7 Level 01

Letter Name Description

 Ra Equivalent to ‘R’ as in ‘ROAD’. It has no dot.

) Seen Equivalent to ‘S’ as in ‘SAY’. It has no dot.

Rule of the Day

Face the Challenge!

Quranic Arabic Program 8 Level 01

Letter Name Description

1 Kaaf Equivalent to ‘K’ as in ‘KICK’.

Face the Challenge!

Quranic Arabic Program 9 Level 01

Letter Name Description

9 Laam Equivalent to ‘L’ as in ‘LONG’.

8 Meem Equivalent to ‘M’ as in ‘MORNING’.

7 Noon Equivalent to ‘N’ as in ‘NICE’.

4 Ha Equivalent to ‘H’ as in ‘HOLIDAY’.

 Waow Equivalent to ‘W’ as in ‘WINDOW’.

5 Ya Equivalent to ‘Y’ as in ‘York’.

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Quranic Arabic Program 10 Level 01

Letter Name Letter Name Letter Name Letter Name

Quranic Arabic Program 11 Level 01

Letter Name Letter Name Letter Name Letter Name

Quranic Arabic Program 12 Level 01

Letter Name Letter Name Letter Name Letter Name

Lesson 2A: Gender 75

Lesson 3A: Case

Lesson 4A: Number

Lesson 5A: Pronouns 113

Alif Its sound is like ‘A’ as in ‘CAR’.

Ra Equivalent to ‘R’ as in ‘ROAD’. It has no dot.

Waow Equivalent to ‘W’ as in ‘WINDOW’.

• which can carry a small 6 as l or w

uM xK[ &% ;l

kS M; o 'Kn

• If two Alif come together, it is written as .

‘Uoo | |l Eee | 5w | Aaa |

Roo ‘ | Ree | 5 | Raa |

Moo ‘8 | hn Mee 8 | pn

With : With Letter

With : With Letter

No tasheed No tasheed No tasheed

Adwdwu ,l Adwdwi £,l Adwdwa ¢,l ,