CRITICAL JOURNAL REVIEW

MK. LEXICOGRAMMAR

PRODI S1 PBI-FBS

Skor nilai:

CRITICAL JOURNAL REVIEW

NIM : 2183121060

DOSEN PENGAMPU : M. Eko Isdianto, S. Pd., M. Hum.

MATA KULIAH : Lexicogrammar

PROGRAM STUDI S1 PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INGGRIS

FAKULTAS BAHASA DAN SENI – UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN

NOVEMBER 2019
Name of the Journal : Linguistic, English Education and Art (LEEA) Journal

Volume : Volume 1 Nomor 1, Desember 2017

Year of Publication : 2017

Page : 30-36

ISSN : e-ISSN :2597-3819 p-ISSN:2597-9248

Description

Title of the Journal : THE ANALYSIS OF WORD FORMATION PROCESSES IN THE

Author : Dian Luthfiyati, Abdul Kholiq, Intan Ni’matus Zahroh

Background :

According to Haspelmath and Sims (2010:2) morphology is the study of word formation,
including the ways new words are coined in the languages of the world. The way forms of words
are varied depending on how we are used in sentences. We must have knowledge about how to
form new words. We also recognize and understand new words that we never heard before. As
the language develops every time, there are new languages and terms emerge day by day in the
society. A new language and term use new words that we can relate to the one of linguistics
branches of the morphological aspect namely word formation process. In the process of word
formation, there are exploring some of the basic processes by which new words are created such
as derivation, prefixes and suffixes, etc. One of the language phenomenons is in the practice of
language used in online news, Jakarta Post Website. The Jakarta Post is one of the daily
Indonesian which is using English language. The Jakarta post presented with various of news,
such as sport, entertainment, education, etc. One of the language phenomenons is in the practice
of language used in online news, Jakarta Post Website. The Jakarta Post is one of the daily
Indonesian which is using English language. The Jakarta post presented with various of news,
such as sport, entertainment, education, etc. Word formation is specifically formed words with
the certain processes. According to Yule (2006:53-59) defines word formation processes as a
way of forming and creating new words from the use of old words. It is stated that there many
types of word formation processes. There are coinage, borrowing, compounding, blending,
clipping, backformation, conversion, acronym, derivation, prefix and suffix, and multiple
processes. In the process of word formation, there are explore some of the basic processes by
which new words are created specifically for derivation. According to Yule (2006:57) derivation
is the process of word formation to be found in the production of new English word. The process
of word formation through the addition affix (suffix), which can be either a prefix (prefix) or
suffix (suffix).

Problem :

The Jakarta Post is one of the daily Indonesian has language English. The Jakarta post presented
with various of news, such as sport, entertainment, education, etc. The problem of this journal is
to analyze word formation in “Jakarta Post Website”

Aim of the Research :

The purpose of this study is identifying the most common type of derivation words that is used in
the headline of ten education articles in „‟Jakarta Post Website‟‟ in October 2015 until April
2016. And to know the word formation in “Jakarta Post Website”.

Theories:

- Haspelmath and Sims (2010:2) morphology is the study of word formation, including the
ways new words are coined in the languages of the world. The way forms of words are
varied depending on how we are used in sentences.
- Yule (2005:57) the process of word formation in creation of new English words, this
process is called derivation.
- Haspelmath and Sims (2010:3) Linguists often describe alternations with a special set of
morphological rules, which were historically phonetically motivated, but affect
morphology.
- Haspelmath and Sims (2010:1) morphology is the study of the internal structure of words.
Somewhat paradoxically, morphology is both the oldest and one of the youngest sub
 disciplines of grammar. It is the oldest because, as far as we know, the first linguists were
primarily morphologists.
- The smallest meaningful constituents of words that can be identified are called
morphemes. In nut-s, both -s and nut are morphemes. Other examples of words consisting
of two morphemes would be breaking, hope-less, re-write, cheese-board; words
consisting of three morphemes are re-writ-ing, hope-lessness, ear-plug-s; etc (Haspelmath
and Sims, 2010:3).
- Yule (2006:53-59) defines word formation processes as a way of forming and creating
new words from the use of old words. It is stated that there many types of word formation
processes. There are coinage, borrowing, compounding, blending, clipping,
backformation, conversion, acronym, derivation, prefix and suffix, and multiple
processes.
- Yule (2006:57) derivation is the process of word formation to be found in the production
of new English word. The process of word formation through the addition affix (suffix),
which can be either a prefix (prefix) or suffix (suffix).

Methodology :

The researcher use a qualitative research method, which means the data will be analyzed
qualitatively. The researcher as the key instrument because the researcher himself collected,
described and analyzing the data found from only education headline ten articles in Jakarta Post
Website in October 2015 until April 2016. There are four data collecting technique: the first, the
researcher will read the source of the data, the second, the researcher select the selected article of
headlines, then the data are written on table that has been supplied and the last is the data
encountered are then classified in accordance with the appropriate category. After collecting the
data, the researcher analyzes the data.

Result about the Research :

From the data and analysis, the writer found 17 adjective derivation words. 26 noun derivation
words and 9 verb derivation words and total all of the derivation are 52 words. First article, there
are 2 adjective derivation, 5 words noun derivation and not verb derivation. Second article, there
are 1 word adjective derivation, 2 words noun derivation, and not verb derivation. The third
article, there are 4 words adjective derivation, 3 words noun derivation and not verb derivation.
The fourth article, there are 1 word adjective derivation, 1 word noun derivation, and 1 verb
derivation. Fifth article, there are 1 word adjective derivation, 1 word noun derivation, and 1
verb derivation. Sixth article, there are 1 word adjective derivation, 1 word noun derivation, and
3 words verb derivation. Seventh article, there are 3 words adjective derivation, 1 word noun
derivation, and 1 word verb derivation. From eighth article, there are 1 word adjective derivation,
4 words noun derivation and 1 verb derivation. Ninth article, there are 1 word adjective
derivation, 4 words noun derivation, and not derivation and the last from tenth article, there are 2
words adjective derivation, 4 words noun derivation and 2 verb derivation. This process of the
derivation is from base word and the addition prefix and suffix.

Conclusion :

Based on the research conducted in headline of ten articles Jakarta Post Website October 2015
until April 2016, it can be concluded that the new words which are formed through derivation
process from the base word with addition of affix and suffix or both.
Name of the Journal : A Journal of Culture, English Language Teaching, Literature &
Linguistics

Volume : VOLUME 5 NO 2 2018

Year of Publication : 2018

Page : 24-35

ISSN : PISSN 2356-0401 EISSN 2621-9158

Description

Title of the Journal : WORD FORMATION PROCESSES IN ENGLISH NEW WORDS OF

Author : Elisa Ratih, Rosalin Ismayoeng Gusdian

Background :

Word formation process is generally known as the phenomenon which is so close to human’s life
in the world. According to Trask (1997), word formation process is a way to construct new
words from existing materials. Meanwhile, according to Hacken and Thomas (2013), word
formation process is how to produce the new words based on the some rules. Besides, Plag
(2003) stated that word formation process is the process to create new words from other words.
From the explanation above, it can be concluded that word formation process is the way to
construct new words from the existing words based on some rules. Word formation process can
be productive and non-productive. Bauer (1983) stated that word formation process will be
productive if it is appropriate to use in the production of new materials. Meanwhile, the word
formation process will be called as non-productive if it is not appropriate to use in the production
of new materials. Therefore, it can be concluded that word formation process will be productive
if it can be used to produce the new words. Furthermore, Mustafa et al.(2015) stated that word
formation processes which are very common to use by Malaysian Facebook users are
abbreviation, blending, and the use of emoticons while they communicate in Facebook every
day. Then, Wei and Wenyu (2014) said, “The most frequently occurring word-formation process
of netspeak neologisms is compounding, subsequently, blending, affixation, old words with new
meaning, acronyms, conversion, and clipping”. However, from the studies above, the most
productive of word formation processes is still unclear. The new words will be listed in
dictionaries. One of them is Oxford English Dictionary (OED). Oxford English Dictionary is one
of dictionaries which is famous in the world. In 1928, this dictionary consisted over 400.000
words. In 2011, this dictionary consisted over 66.500 headwords. The new OED was
programmed to consist over 6.400 pages. It shows that OED contains many new words of
English in every year. Montero-Fleta (2011) used the OED in her study to find the words which
contain of suffix. Besides, Nishimoto (2014) also used OED to check the prefixed forms and
compounds. It shows that OED is one of the objects which can be used in investigating about
word formation processes.

Problem :

Studies investigated about word formation process in English new words of online dictionary.
Therefore, to fill this gap, this study will investigate the word formation process in English new
words of online dictionary which is OED online.

Aim of the Research :

The aims of this study were to identify the processes of word formation in English new words
and to know which word formation processes were the most productive one(s). The researcher
used qualitative research design in order to obtain the data from the document of OED online.
OED online is the online dictionary which consists of list of English new words.

Theories :

- Trask (1997), word formation process is a way to construct new words from existing
materials.
- Hacken and Thomas (2013), word formation process is how to produce the new words
based on the some rules.
- Plag (2003) stated that word formation process is the process to create new words from
other words. From the explanation above, it can be concluded that word formation
 process is the way to construct new words from the existing words based on some rules.
Word formation process can be productive and non-productive.
- Bauer (1983) stated that word formation process will be productive if it is appropriate to
use in the production of new materials. Meanwhile, the word formation process will be
called as non-productive if it is not appropriate to use in the production of new materials.
- Monitor (2017), a new word is created every 98 minutes or it can be said that a new word
is created about 14.7 words per day. It is also stated that approximate estimation of words
in English is 1,041,257.5 number of words by January 1, 2017.
- Harley (2006), new words are the words which are built by manipulating the existing
words. She also stated that the new words are built by some processes which are
affixation, blending, compounding which are more productive to create the new words.
- Pliatsikas et al. (2014) stated that the new words are based on derivational morphological
process. However, they found a disambiguation process between noun and verb stems.
- Xhina (2013) stated that the word formation process has two common processes which
are derivation and compounding in English and Albanian.
- Mustafa et al.(2015) stated that word formation processes which are very common to use
by Malaysian Facebook users are abbreviation, blending, and the use of emoticons while
they communicate in Facebook every day.
- Wei and Wenyu (2014) said, “The most frequently occurring word-formation process of
netspeak neologisms is compounding, subsequently, blending, affixation, old words with
new meaning, acronyms, conversion, and clipping”.
- Bizhkenova et al. (2017) stated that the most productive of word formation are prefix-
derivation, suffix-derivation, prefix-suffix derivation, konfixderivation, external
lexemes+internal lexemes, internal lexemes+external lexemes, konfix+internal lexemes
which are called as hybridization (the compounding of English stems into the German
words list).
- Montero-Fleta (2011) stated that the most productive of word formation processes in
scientific registers is suffixes.
- Montero-Fleta (2011) used the OED in her study to find the words which contain of
suffix. Besides, Nishimoto (2014) also used OED to check the prefixed forms and
 compounds. It shows that OED is one of the objects which can be used in investigating
about word formation processes.

Methodology :

This study was designed as qualitative research because it presents the data by describing the
processes of word formation in creating new words. Moreover, the qualitative research design
was chosen in this study because the aims of this study were to know what word formation
processes in English new words were and to know which word formation process is more
productive one(s). Besides, the researcher used case study as a design to analyze the word
formation processes in English new words of OED online. The researcher used Oxford English
dictionary online as the object of the research.

Result of the Research :

The findings of this study showed that there are some processes in creating English new words,
such as a) affixation, b) folk etymology, c) compounding, d) abbreviation, e) acronyms, f)
borrowing, g) blending, h) clipping, i) back-formation. Besides, there are also found the double
word formation processes, such as j) folk etymology + compounding, k) compounding +
affixation, m) blending + affixation, n) clipping + blending. The most productive process of
English new words in 2012 is affixation which is 43 words. The second process which is
dominant process in 2012 is compounding, which is 29 words. Then, folk etymology was found
as many as 9 words. Furthermore, blending was found as many as 7 words. Moreover, the less
productive processes are acronyms which is 5 words, clipping as many as 4 words, and
abbreviation as many as 3 words. Meanwhile, the unproductive process of English new words in
2012 is borrowing, which is 1 word only. The most productive process of English new words in
2013 is affixation, which is 48 words. The second process which is dominant process in 2013 is
compounding, which is 30 words. Then, clipping was found as many as 15 words, blending was
found as many as 7 words. Furthermore, the less productive processes are abbreviation which is
2 words, borrowing and folk etymology which is 1 word. Then, then productive process of
English new words in 2013 is acronyms. The most productive process of English new words in
2014 is affixation, which is 62 words. The second process which is dominant process in 2014 is
compounding, which is 20 words. Blending was found as many as 10 words, and clipping was
found as many as 6 words. Meanwhile, the less productive processes of English new words in
2014 are borrowing which is 2 words, acronyms, folk etymology, and abbreviation which are 1
word only. The most productive process of English new words in 2015 is affixation, which is 40
words. The second process which is dominant process in 2015 is compounding, which is 30
words.Blending processes was frequent found as many as 20 words. Clipping was found as many
as 7 words. Meanwhile, the less productive processes are abbreviation which is 1 word,
acronyms which is 3 words, and borrowing which is 2 words. Then, the unproductive process of
English new words in 2015 is folk etymology. The most productive process of English new
words in 2016 is affixation, which is 46 words. The second process which is dominant process in
2016 is compounding, which is 28 words. Blending processes were found as many as 19 words.
Meanwhile, the less productive processes are clipping was found as many as 7 words. Besides,
the less productive processes are back-formation was found as many as 1 word, acronyms as
many as 2 words, and borrowing as many as 2 words. Meanwhile, the unproductive processes in
2016 are folk etymology and abbreviation.

From the chart above, it can be seen that the processes of English new words in 2012-2016 are
coming from affixation (239 words), folk etymology (11 words), compounding (137 words),
abbreviation (7 words), acronyms (11 words), borrowing (8 words), blending (63 words),
clipping (37 words), and back-formation (1 word). Therefore, it can be concluded that the most
productive process in year 2012-2016 is affixation

Conclusion :

Based on findings and discussion, it can be concluded that there are some processes which found
in English new words of Oxford English Dictionary (OED) online, which are affixation, folk
etymology compounding, abbreviation, acronyms, borrowing, blending, clipping, and back-
formation. Moreover, the researcher found the interesting findings, such as double word
formation process in creating the new words, such as folk etymology + compounding,
compounding + affixation, blending + affixation, and clipping + blending. Then, the most
productive processin English new words is affixation process. It means that affixation is the
dominant process of creating English new words.