Assignment No. 3: Subject: Computer Network Subject Code: CS-326

Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering &
Technology
Longowal,Punjab(148106)
Assignment No. 3
Subject: Computer network
Subject Code: CS-326
Semester: 6th (Jan-June 2020)
Date of Submission: 09/05/2020
Submitted To: Submitted By:

Mrs. shivani jain Name: Ananya
Assistant Professor ICD-17 Section CD
CSE Department Regd. No. 1712855
Question:- study and working of
switch?
Write following points of switch:-
1. What is switch?
2. Types of switch?
3. Working of switch?
Switch:-
A network switch (also called switching hub, bridging hub, officially MAC
bridge is networking hardware that connects devices on a computer network by
using packet switching to receive and forward data to the destination device.
A network switch is a multiport network bridge that uses MAC addresses to
forward data at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model. Some switches
can also forward data at the network layer (layer 3) by additionally
incorporating routing functionality. Such switches are commonly known as
layer-3 switches or multilayer switches.
Types of switch:-
1. Unmanaged switches :-
These are the switches that are mostly used in home networks and small
businesses as they plug-in and instantly start doing their job and such
switches do not need to be watched or configured. These require only small
cable connections. It allows devices on a network to connect with each
other such as a computer to a computer or a computer to a printer in one
location. They are the least expensive switches among all categories.
2. Managed switches –
These type of switches have many features like the highest levels of
security, precision control and full management of the network. These are
used in organisations containing a large network and can be customized to
enhance the functionality of a certain network. These are the most costly
option but their scalability makes them an ideal option for a network that is
growing. They are achieved by setting a simple network management
protocol(SNMP).
They are of two types:-
 (I) Smart switches:
These switches offer basic management features with the ability to create
some levels of security but have a simpler management interface than the
other managed switches. Thus they are often called partially managed
switches. These are mostly used in fast and constant LANs which support
gigabit data transfer and allocations. It can accept configuration of VLANs
(Virtual LAN).
 (II) Enterprise managed switches:

They have features like ability to fix, copy, transform and display
different network configurations along with a web interface SNMP
agent and command line interface. These are also known as fully
managed switches and are more expensive than the smart switches as
they have more features that can be enhanced. These are used in
organisations that contain a large number of ports, switches and nodes.
1. LAN switches –
These are also known as Etherrnet switches or data switches and are used to
reduce network congestion or bottleneck by distributing a package of data
only to its intended recipient. These are used to connect points on a LAN.
2. PoE switches –
PoE switches are used in PoE technology which stands for power over
Ethernet that is a technology that integrates data and power on the same
cable allowing power devices to receive data in parallel to power. Thus
these switches provide greater flexibility by simplifying the cabling
process.
Working of switch:-
In computer networking, Switch (also
called switching hub, bridging hub, and more correctly called a network switch)
and Bridges are the Layer 2 interconnect devices that can be used to preserve
bandwidth in the network by applying a segmentation strategy. Switches are
used to re-send packets to a specific segment of the network using hardware
MAC addressing (same as bridges). Since the switches are hardware-based, they
can send packets faster than bridges.
Once the number of users began to push the limits of a single computer network
segment, there was a need to create a new segment to link two computer
networks together a device called bridges accomplished this. basically the
bridges have 2 ports, one for each computer networks, bridges actually inspect
the data that passes through them and make decisions about whether to send it
to the other computer network or not. Switch takes data from one network
device and forwards it to the destination node based on MAC address.
This decision is based on the MAC address in Ethernet networks and on the ring
no. in Token Ring Networks. Because of this behavior (specifically that bridges
read and act on the data in the Layer 2 headers of each frame), hence Bridges
are layer 2 devices or Data-link layer function.
As networks become larger, and the amount of data transmitted by each

computer increased, segmenting networks became even more important. 2 port
bridges were no longer sufficient then switch began as multiport network bridge
that uses hardware addresses to process and forward data and are considered
layer two devices.
The switches have the functionality of the hubs to which they add the primary
ability to dedicate the entire bandwidth exclusively to any communication
between their ports. It achieved because the switch does not act as a multiport
repeater, but only sends data packets to that door to which they directed. This is
possible because the equipment sets up routing tables with the MAC addresses
(OSI level 2) associated with each of its doors. This technology makes it
possible for each of the doors to have the total bandwidth for its use. These
devices usually work with bandwidths of 10 and 100 Mbps, and doors with
different bandwidths can coexist on the same equipment. The doors of a switch
can serve both personal workstations and network segments (hubs), being for
this reason widely used as elements of network segmentation and traffic routing.
In this way, it achieved that the internal traffic in the different network segments
connected to the switch affects the rest of the network, thereby increasing the
efficiency of bandwidth usage

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 (II) Enterprise managed switches:

As networks become larger, and the amount of data transmitted by each

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