ASur

veyonSecur
it
yandPr
ivacyofAugment
edReal
it
y
Anjal
iMishr
a,Saumy akesarwani,Harshi
taMishra
B.Tech,
Depar
tmentofCS&IT,
Sam Hi
gginbot
tom Univ
ersi
tyofAgricul
tur
e,Technol
ogy&
Sci
ences Pr
ayagraj
,Utt
arPradesh,I
ndia

Abstract:
-Inthi
spaperwear ediscussing The pr imar y Val ue ofAugment ed r eal i
ty
aboutsecur i
tyandpri
vacyofaugment ed act ual i
tyi st heki ndi nwhat everconst ituent
real
it
y ,
Thispaperexpali
nsabout oft he numer ic wor ld combi ned i ntot he
augment edreali
tyi
saf i
eldofr
eali
tywhi ch humanbei ngconcept i
onoft her ealwor l
d,
deal
swi ththecombinati
onofreali
tywi t
h notas easi ly show ofdat a,butby t he
thecomput ergener
ated. i
nt egr at i
on ofi mmer sive sent i
ment ,what
are ant i
cipat ed as r egul arsect ion ofan
Keywor
ds:-Augment edReal
it
yandit
s atmospher e.The ear ly act AR scheme
component,Secur
ityandPri
vacyof whi chgi vei mmer si vemi xedact ual i
tyf eel
AugmentedRealit
y. foroper atorswer emade- upi nt henear ly
1990.
I
.INTRODUCTI
ON Educat ion al ong t echnol ogy can
Whenanew t echnol ogyent erst hemar ket, prov idesbet tersur r oundi ngt ot heuserf or
hugeexpect ati
onsar ise.Ev eni fcust omer s l
ear ni ngandal soencour agef ort hebr i
ght
don'tacqui r
et het echnol ogyorgadget ,the futur e and pr ov ide ef fect i
ve l ear ning
public i s nat urall
y cur i
ous t o per ceive procedur eofl ear ning.I tal sogi vest ocope
i
nnov ati
on.Tounder standt hepr efer
ences the r eadert hatAR l aw i s an i mpor tant
and t endenci es concer ning t echnology , subj ectt ost udybecauseARt echnol ogyi s
feasibili
ty mar ket anal ysis must be danger oust obeani mpor tantaspectoft he
per f
or med, wel l as wi de mar ket economy i nt he comi ng f uture.Thi si s
char acteri
zat i
on.  Augment edr eality(AR)i s becausei t
sadv ancedt echnol ogyenabl es
an i nteracti
v e exper ience ofa r eal
-wor l
d user st ocommuni cat ewi thAppl icationof
env i
ronmentwher et heobj ectst hatr eside virtualr ealityandr eal -
timewhi chcanl ead
i
nt her ealwor l
dar eenhancedbycomput er- fort hebet terexper i
encef oruser s.Mass
gener ated percept ual informat i
on, adopt ionofARt echnol ogyi sinev it
abl ef or
somet i
mes acr oss multi
ple three pr imar y r easons conv eni ence,
sensor y modal ities, i ncludi ng visual, creat ivity,capabi l
ity ,ARcanal sobeusedi n
auditor y
, hapt ic, somat osensor y and thef ut ur e.
olfactory.ARmusthav et hef oll
owi ngt hree we can concl ude t he Pr iv acy and
char acteri
stics:- Secur ity anxi et y associ ated wi th AR
 Combi nesr eal andv irt
ual sy stems t oget heras wel las t hose t hat
 I nteractiv einr eal time mov esup f rom t hehel pi ngt echnol ogi es.
 Regi ster edi n3D Resear cher sgav et hei deaofARsi ncet he
1960s,when I v an Sut her l
and descr i
bed a
transpar enthead- mount eddi splayshowi ng
3-di nfor mat ion.Si ncet he1990s,ARasa
resear char eacent erofat tent i
onongett he
bet terofdi sput erwi thdi splayt echnol ogy ,
tracki ng,andr egi str ati
ont opr oper lyal i
gn
realandv irtualobj ect s,useri nter facesand
human f actor s.AR t echnol ogy has been
Fi
g.1augment
edr
eal
i
ty
aroundf ordecades,suchast heHeadUp assembly, sequenci
ng and t
rai
ning
Display( HUD)i nav iat
ion.Intheconsumer operat
ions.
mar ketwor l
d,therear emor ethant went y
year shistoryofARgamesoncel lphones.
Howev er,wear abl
e AR dev i
ces are not
famousbecauseoft heirsizeandwei ght
const r
aints. There hav e been sev er al
attempt sint hi
sareasuchasGoogl eGl ass
and Mi crosoft Hololens not Long ago. Fi 3Pr
g.2. oject
ion-
basedAR
Googl e Gl ass is arelat
ivel
y simple,light
wei ght
,head- mount eddi spl
ayi nt
endedf or 4. Super i
mposit
ion-basesAR
dailyuse. I
t uses v isual percepti
on. The
augmentedimager estor
est hefi
rstimage
I
I.TYPESOFAUGMENTEDREALI
TY ei
therparti
all
yorf ul
ly.thi
ssortofARi s
oft
en employed int he medicalfieldto
1. Mar ker-
basedAR super
impose an X- ray ont
o a pat i
ent'
s
Marker-based AR t echnology has body.Itmaybeaccust omedenhancea
diver
seusesi nstepwi t
hmarketpurposes. hi
stori
calt
our.
Itdetect
st heitem bef
oreoft
hecamer aand
providesinformati
onabouttheitem onthe
screen.Itisal socall
edImageRecogniti
on
orRecogni ti
onbasedAR.

Fi
g.2.
4super
imposi
ti
on-
basesAR

I
II
.COMPONENTUSEDI NAUGMENTED
REALITY
1. Headmount eddispl
ay
Fi
g.2.
1mar
ker
-basedAR 2. Tr
ackingsystem
3.Mobi l
e comput i
ng power
(Hi
gh speed
2. Mar ker-l
essAR portabl
ecomput ers)
.
It
's a 1 of t he foremost widely
i
mpl ement edapplicat
ionswithinthei
ndust
ry. 1. Headmount eddi spl ay
i
t'salsor ef
erredtoasLocat i
on-basedARf or Head mount ed di spl ayhel ps us to
therat i
onaleforthesimpleav ai
labi
li
tyoft
he view the Gr aphics and t extcr eated by
feat
ur es withi
nt he cell
phone thatprovi
de Augment edr ealit
ysy st em.A t y picalHMD
l
ocat i
ondet ecti
on. hasei theroneort wodi spl aywi thlenses
and semit ranspar entembedded i nt he
helmetOrey eglass(i ti sal soknownas
datagl asses)orv i
sor s.Thesmal ldispl
ay
unitsaremi niaturizedandmayi ncl udeCRT,
LED, OLED.
Inheadmount eddi splay, displayt echnology
Fig.2.
2Mar ker
-lessAR i
soft wot y
pe
3. Pr oj
ect i
on-
basedAR 1.Moni tordi splay-si mpl estav ailablelit
tl
e
projector
-based augment ed r eali
ty fell
ingofbei ngimmer sedi nsur r
oundi ng.
use advanced pr oject
ion technology to 2. Head mount ed di spl ay -opt ical see
si
mpli
fythecomposi temanual t
askst hatare throughHMDv i
deoseet hroughHMD.
a part of a company 's manufacturi
ng,
 recognize the current locat
ion it can
constantlytr
ackthepositionofthepatter
n
i
nt her ealworl
denvironmentsot hati
tcan
easil
yandaccur at
elyfixthevi
rt
ualobjecti
n
thetracker.

1GPS-I tisasteersmanshi tdevi

ceusual l
y
carri
ed by per son,ani mal and mov i
ng
Fi
g.3.
1HMD vehicl
es thatuses t he globalPosit
ioning
system ( GPS)tot r
ack the locati
on and
AdvantageofHMD determine gadget mov ements. The
fl
exibil
it
yincomposi
tionst
rat
egies recordeddatacanei t herbest or
edwi t
hi n
widef i
eldofvi
ew. thetracki
ngunitOrcommuni catewit
hint he
real and v i
rt
ual v
iew delays can be i
nternetconnect ed dev i
ce using cell
ular,
mat hched. radioOrsatell
i
temodem.

Appl i
cat i
onofHMD TypesofGPS: -
ther
ear
ethr
eet
ypesofGPS
•Aviationandtacti
cal
,gr
ound 1.Datal
oggers
•Engineering 2.Datapushers
•Medi cineandresear
ch 3.Datapul
lers
•Gami ngandVi deo
•Spor t
s 2 HIBal lTracki ngSystem
•Trainingandsimulat
ion •I
Ti susedi nv erywidearea
•Highprecision
PerformancePar ametersofHMD- •Lowlatency
•I
nterpupil
arydist
ance •Smallli
ghtwei ghtsensor
•Fi
eldofv i
ew •Easyinstall
at i
on
•Resolut
ion supportmul tiplesensors
•Bi
nocularov er
lapetc. •Accurateev erywhere
•Nomet al Orsoundi nterf
ace
2. Tracki
ngSyst
em
I
tisusedt otr
ackuser
'slocat
ionwith 3. Mobi l
ecomput ing power (high speed
respecttosurr
oundi
ngs.Fort
histwotracki
ng por t
abl ecomput ers)
system i
sused- Augment ed r ealit
y i s a l atest
technologyandi sagr eatdealnow day s.It
1.Gl
obalposi
ti
oni
ngsyst
em (
GPS) i
sat tractingagr eatnumberandi ti sst i
ll
2.Hibal
ltr
acki
ngsyst
em waiti
ng f ort he bet terappl ication.Mobi l
e
tech al way s keeps mov i
ng t o t he
Augment ed Real i
ty( AR)and i tf eelst he
developer made f or needed and new
technology .Tr ending r esearch has gi ven
new v iew i nt ot he exi sti
ng ones ofAR
browser s,butal soi dentifi
est hepr obl ems
thatitmustov ercome.
Augment edr ealit
yi sgoi ngt obet he
Fi
g.3.
2tr
acki
ngsy
stem
greatestt er
mi nt hecomi ngwor ldofmobi l
e
i
nnov ati
on,wher euser sar eablet of eelt he
Augmented real
i
tyapp can r
ecognizethe
realwor l
dwi thcomput ergener ateddat aon
speci
ficpatt
ernimage ofthe augmented
i
t.I n t he now day s env ironment of
real
it
yt r
ackeronce t
he app i s abl
et o
augment edr eal i
ty( AR) ,thev i
ew whi chwe
seeandsmel lar egr owi ngint hegr eatar ea
thatitsmogst hel i
nebet weent heonet hat
i
s st i
llt herei nr ealwor ld and comput er
generated.
HowARbasedapponmobi leswor k? f
ig.
3.4mobi
l
ecomput
ing
Augment ed Real i
tyi s wor king v ery
smar tl
ywi tht abletsand,smar t
phonesand IV.SecurityAndPrivacyof
othersamedev iceswhi chuseGPSt racking. AugmentedReality
Theygi vecomput eri
zeddat ai nt hef orm of, Inthi
ssecti
on,wewi llexpl
ainnew Pr i
vacy
tags,vi
deos and gr aphics t hat get and Securi
ty dar
e pi n AR technologies,
overburden i nto r eal wor ld by v isual dif
fer
entways,andnewappl i
cati
onsof
equipment s.These ar e al so used head AR systems are known as securit
y and
mountdi splay s,as i ti s used i n Vi r
tual pri
vacypeoblems.Securit
yandPr i
vacyof
devices.Thei deaofbi ndingVR i ntor eal AR:
objectsi snotat raditi
onalconcept ,buthas
beeni npr acticef ormanyy ear s. Chal lenges
How Augment ed Real ity based Mobi l
e The AR t echnol ogies and appl i
cati
on we
Appswor k? cont empl atemayhav eanyoral loft hese
Wi t
ht heexpl osionofsmar tequi pment , proper ti
esi nor dert ot hesimpledef i
nit
ion
theneedsofARappshav ebeengoneup. ofst rollrealandv irtualobjectsinrealti
me
The t echnol ogywi t
h whi ch AR apps ar e system.
made can be def i
ned i nt or ecogi nit
ion- • A compl ex setofi nputdev i
ces and
based and l ocat i
on-based.The l ocation sensor st hatar eal way son( f
orexampl e
basedappl icational way swor kwi thcamer a camer a, GPS, microphoneet c.
.)
.
alongwi thmanyot hercomponent s,whi l
e • Many out put dev i
ces ( for exampl e,
theerecogni ti
onbasedappsuset hebui lt-i
n display,ear pieceet c..
).
capaci t
yof t hesmar tphonest ocodi fyt he •I ti s a pl atform t hatcan r un multi
ple
soundsandshapedt hroughdi gital patterns. appl i
cationssi mul taneously.
The sooner s t he mobi le appl i
cation •I thas t he abi l
ityt oi nt
eractwirel
essly
development company adopt s t he wit hotherARsy stems.
technology ,thebi ggeri st headv ant age.At
Promat ics,wehav eext ensiveknowl edgeof Here,we pr esenta setofsecur i
ty and
l
ocat i
on based apps. I ncl uding AR priv
acychal lenges thatcome wi tht hese
technologymi ghtupl ifttheexper ienceof novelt echnologi
esand t hei
rappl i
cations,
mobi l
eapssi gni f
icantly.Wear ecur rentlyin We or ganize these chall
enges along t wo
theprocessofadopt i
ngARi ntot hesomeof axes sy st
em scope and f unct
ionali
ty.On
themobi leappswear ewor kingon. one axi s,we consi der AR sy stems of
i
ncr easi
ng scope: si ngle appl i
cations,
mul ti
ple appli
cati
ons wi thi
n a single AR
platfor
m,and mul t
iplecommuni cati
ng AR
systemsshowi ntable.

fig.
3.3mobilecomput ing
Asiti sanenabl ingt echnology,AR is
abl
et otakeundertaki
ngbasedappl icat
ions
totheanot herlev
el.Wear eabl et omake
and seei nnovati
veanddi stinct
ivemobi l
e
appli
cat
ionst hatgivebi rt
ht o successfull
uti
l
ityofARi nmobi l
ei ndustr
y.
f
ig.
4.1Secur
it
yandPr
ivacychal
l
engesf
or
 AR on diff
erentdev i
ce and giv
es passwor d
assi
stance.Theonlyproof
-of-
conceptPl ace
We organize t
he chal
lenges on t he two -Rai
derat tack shows t hatsmar tphone
basi
ssystem scopeandf uncti
onali
ty.The sensors can be used to coll
ectneeded
chal
l
enagesi nthi
scategoryf i
rstappearat i
nformation to create thr
ee-di
mensi onal
thel
evelofsyst
em complexity
. modelsofindoorenvir
onments.
Chall
angeswi thmult
ipl
eappli
cations

Chal
langeswi
thsi
ngl
eappl
icat
ion Thisar t
icle,wet akeawi dev iew oftheAR
space,consi deri
ngbot hdirecttechnologies
Output ofARaswel ltheappl i
cat
ionsnecessar yt o
Usersmustpl acesi gni ficanttrustinAR supportt heseappl i
cati
ons.afterthemobi l
e
applicat
ionst hatchar terr eal-worl
dv isual, phone,dev i
ceshadbecome av ai
labl
et hat
auditory,orhapt i
cper cept ionswi thv i
rtual enhancesensi ng,datasharing,anddisplay ,
feedback Mor e gener al l
y, such an (seefigure)whichwi l
lenablemor ecompl ex
applicat
ion can t r
ick user si nto falsely ARsy stems.
beli
ev i
ngt hatcer t
ainobj ectsar eorarenot
presentint herealwor ldorexampl e,afut ure
spidfulappl i
cationmi ghtchar teranwr ong
speedl i
mi tont opofar ealspeedl imitsi gn
(orplaceaf akesi gnwher et her eisnone) ,or
i
ntent i
onallypr ovidean wr ong conv ersi on f
ig.
4.2Mul
ti
-appl
i
cat
ionAR
forreal-
wor ldtextinaf or eignl anguage.
Out put
Input inav erymul t
i-
appl icat ionARsy stem,
Augmentedr eal
ityappsaref aci
ngsame appl i
cationswi l
ldistribut eout putdev i
ces,
type input Sani t
izati
on and v alidr
ation i
ncl udingaudi oout put,hapt i
cf eedback, and
chall
enges as i mpor t
ant appli
cation For display.Conf lions use oft hese out put
exampl e, a conversion appli
cation t hat dev i
cescanr esul tinsecur i
t yconcer ns.as
parsest extint herealwor l
dmaybenot anexampl e,aMal i
ciousappl i
cat i
onof t
enl y
used by created crafted t
exton a si gn. attemptt o obscur econt entpr esented by
Importanti nputv al
idati
on technique ar e someot herappl icati
on( forexampl e,aur ally
appli
edbutt hedesigneroftheARsy stem cov eri
ng or v i
sual i
ng up an absol ut e
shouldbeawar eoft heneedoft henew translation wi t
h an incorrect
context. one) .
Nev ertheless,out put di stri
bution i s
i
mpor tantt opr oducedi ffer entf uncti
onal i
ty
Dat aAccess. i
nARsy stems.asanexampl e, ausermi ght
Topr ovidet heirvar iousf unct
ional
ity,AR needt osi milar l
yv iew cont entov erl
ai don
appl i
cat i
onssomet i
mesr equireaccesst oa their v iew of r eality f rom mul tiple
var i
etyofsensordat a,i ncludingaudioand appl i
cations,l ikedi rectionssuppl ied bya
video GPS dat a, f eeds, acceleromet er maps appl ication, a soci al f eed
readi ng, t emper ature,and mor e.Unl i
ke summar izingt heact ivi
tyofnear byfriends,
present day s cel lphone and deskt op thet rackcur rent lypl ayingi nav erymusi c
appl i
cat i
ons,compl exAR appl i
cati
onsar e appl i
cation,and so on.Thus,t he nai ve
requi red r i
ch,alway s-on sensi ng. f or solution,dur ing whi ch onl y 1 appl ication
exampl e-theappl i
cat ionwhi chscansand cont r
olst hedi splayatat ime( asi nAndr oid
det ect QR codes r equires continuous today ,fori nstance) ,isinsuf f
icient .
access t o v i
deo data, as uses an
appl i
cat i
ont hatautomat icall
ydetectswhen I
nput
someuseri sent eri
nganyt ypeofpasswor d User
swi
l
lli
kel
ynoti
nter
act
with AR sy stems usi ng t r
adit
ionali nput multi
ple appl icat
ions,we conv ince t he
met hodsl ikecl i
ckingonamouseorev en i
nteracti
onsbet weenmul t
ipl
eAR sy stems
using a t ouchscr een.Instead,user s may whichbel ongst ov arioususer s.Priorwor k
i
ncr easi
ngl yi nteractwi ththese sy stems i
nARpr oposesmi xesappl i
cati
onsamong
using subt lei nputt o hapti
csensor s( for multi
ple user s ofan AR sy st
em.These
exampl e,embeddedi ngloves),usingv oi
ce, appli
cati
ons i
nclude multipl
ayer
or wi th t he ai d of gaze- t
racki ng tel
epresence, gamesf orremot econv enti
on,
technologies.Wi ththesei nputt echniques and face-to-face mi xup.These t ypes of
andmul t
iple appli
cati
ons pose addi t
ionalpr iv
acy and
runningappl ications,i
twi l
lbenont r
ivialfor securi
tychallenges.
thesy st
em t or esolvewhichapplicationi sin
focusandshoul dthusreceiveinput. Out put
Multipleuser smayhav ev ariousv i
ews
Weemphasi zet hatfutureARsy stems of t he wor l
d whi ch is pr esented by
are l ikely to r un mul ti
ple appl i
cat i
ons respect ive AR sy stems. For exampl e,
concur rently,many oft hem r unning and various user s may see di f
ferent v i
rt
ual
l
isteningf orinputwi thouthav inganyv i
sible adv erti
sement ssuper i
mposedonr eal-
wor l
d
output . I mproper l
y desi gned f ocus bil
lboar ds,orv ari
ous users wat ching the
resolutionmaymakei teasyf ormal i
cious present ationmay show di ff
erentcont ent
applicationst ost ealuseri nputi ntendedf or basedont heirpr esentat
ionlevels( suchas,
anot herappl i
cat i
on( f
orexampl e,t ost eala oneusermayal soseet op-secretfootnotes
passwor di ntended f ort he logi n box of whi l
eot her sdonot )
.Suchv ari
ousv i
ewswi ll
anot herappl i
cation) .Forexampl e,aspi teful requireuser st omanagement almodel sof
application shoul d also r egister a whocanper cei vewhi chinformat i
on,least
similarit
iesi n-soundi ngv erbalkey wor das they acci dent al
ly r eveal per sonal
otherone, sensiti
v eappl i
cation,intentionally i
nf ormat ioni nt ended onlyf ort hemselves.
i
ncr easingi nputambi guit
y . Addr essing t his concer n wi ll need
i
nnov at
ionsi ni nterf
ace design f oraiding
Dat aaccess. user sint hist ask.
Asi nt radit
ionaloper atingsy stems,AR
appl i
cat ionswoul d wisht opr esentAPI sto Input .
oneot her,anduser smaywi sht odisperse A gr owt h in t he compl exit
y of AR
virtualobj ectsbet weenappl icationsandwi ll syst ems and appl icat ions wi l
lbe t i
ght l
y
hav e access cont rolimpl i
cations.A l ong binded wi thar i
se i nt he number and
l
ineofwor kwi llbedoneondeskt opand compl icationofsensori nput spr ovidedby
smar tphone sy stems has v i
sited to map enabl i
ngt echnologi es.Thi splent yofsensor
user act ions t o appl i
cation pr i
v i
l
eges i
nputf rom manyuser swi lli
nt ur
nl eadt o
(exampl esi ncludeMi l
ler21andRoesneret nov elcol laborati
v e sensi ng appl ications,
al.
28)Addi ti
onal l
y,ARsy stemsar enotl i
kel
y whi chcant hemsel v esf eeddat abacki nto
to di splay appl icati
ons i nt heirl abel
ed AR appl i
cations. For exampl e, Googl e
windows i nt hatway t hatpr esentday s already uses dat a col lected by user s’
deskt op oper ating sy st
ems do,so new smar tphonest oest imat et raffi
ccondi t
ions,
i
nt eract i
on par adigms ar e demanded t o whi ch i st hen r epor ted back t o user ’
s
enabl e user st o def i
ne appl icati
ons and phones.Thi st ypeofdat ai si mpor tantt o
point whi ch appl i
cati
on shoul d r ecei
ve enabl ef ut
ureARappl icat i
onsdi splayedon
distributeddat a. thecar ’swi ndshield,f orexampl e.Howev er,
thist ypeofaggr egat ei nputcanbeusedby
Chal
lengeswi
thmul
ti
plesy
stems mal icioususer st of oolt hedat acol lection
syst ems.Forexampl e,ar eview sitemi ght
Mov
ingunderasi
ngl
eARsy
stem r
unni
ng l
ev er age l ocati
on t racki ng t o measur ea
restaurant’
s admi rat
ion by not i
ng t he defensi ve di r
ect i
on f or AR i s to get
averagenumberofpeopl epr esentdur ing smar tphone sol ut ions. as an exampl e,
theday .Acannyr estaurateurmayt henpay permi ssi on mani fest s and al so the app
peoplet ost andint her estaur antwi thout storer ev iewpr ocesscanbedonewi t
hint he
buyingany thing.Ther estaurant ’
smeasur ed smal l ter m.
popularityrisesbuthasnor elati
onshipt o Resear cher shav ebegi nconsi der i
ng
i
tsqual i
ty.
AR t echnologi
est hatconst ant l
y oper ating sy stem suppor tspeci fi
ct o AR.
coll
ectdat awi l
ldri
vet headopt i
onofsuch AR appl icat i
ons and t he under l
ying OS
coll
abor ati
ve sensi ng appl icat i
ons; thus, natur allyf ol l
owt hepi pel ineshowni nFigur e,
these secur it
y concer ns wi ll gain i n sor esear chcanbecl assifiedaccor dingl y,
i
mpor t
ance. anddi f ferentr esear chmodel scanassume
diff
er ent boundar ies bet ween t he
Dataaccess. applicat i
onandt heOS.I nt hef ir
stst age,
Inaddi t
iontoshowi ngv ar
iouscont entto sensi ng,anappl icat ion( ort heOS)gat her s
diff
erentuser s,communi cati
ngARsy stems raw sensor ydat asuchasaudi o,video,or
willall
owuser st odist
r i
butev i
rtualcontent radiowav esr esear chher ei nv olvelimi ti
ng
withoneanot her.Forexampl e,ausermay whichsensedi nf or mat ioni scol l
ected( for
create a v i
rtual document wi t
hin t heir exampl e,pol i
tecamer as9,31)orl imiti
ngi t s
privat
eARsy stem andl aterchooset oshar e use ( for exampl e, r etent ion pol icies) .
i
tsdi splaywitht hesy stemsofot heruser s. Second,i nt her ecogni ti
onst age,machi ne-
Someshar ingmayev enbei mplici
t;i
magi ne l
ear ning al gor it
hms ext ract obj ects wi th
anARsy stem t hataut omaticall
yusest he high-lev elsemant ics:as an exampl e,t he
camer af eedsofnear byuser st oprov i
dea fi
gur eshowsaKi nectskel et on,af ace,t he
givenuserwi thar eal
-ti
me3Dmodelofhi m associ ated name,and v oice command
orher self
. tri
gger s.Rel atedr esear chi nv olveschangi ng
object s t o cause f alse negat i
ves ( for
The i mpli
citorexpl icitdi stri
buting of exampl e, CVDazzl e10) and pol i
ci es
datat hrough separ ate AR sy st ems can gover ni ng appl icat ion access t o object s.
enable v al
uable appl ications. Howev er
, Finally,t heappl icat ion( ort heOS)pr ov i
de
appropr i
ate access cont rolmodel s and ont opoft heuser ’ssenses,suchasv i
sion
i
nterfacesandal lowst heuser st omanage andhear ing.Resear chher ei nv olveswi thout
thi
s di str
ibuti
on.nowday s,user s already cover ingi nvariant st hatmustber espect ed
have di f
fi
cultyformi ng ment almodel s of toav oi dhar mi ngt heuserandbui l
dinga
theirpr i
vacy sett
ings on ser vices as on perfor mant“ t
rust edr ender er ”t hatrespect s
Facebook because oft he compl exi
ty of thesei nv ar i
ant s.
rel
ationships between dat a i tems and
people. Thev astamountofdat acol l
ected
byARsy stemsandt hei ntegrationofv i
rt
ual
objects wi t
ht he r ealwor l
d makes t he
problem mor edif
ficult.
f
ig.
4.3ARpi
pel
i
ne
Def ensiveDirecti
ons
Here, we expl ain v ar
ious def ensive Some AR def ensive directions wi l
l
directi
onsf orARt echnol ogi
es.First
ly,some consist of t echnical soluti
ons. Some
oft hesaf etyandPr ivacychal l
engeswhi ch chall
enges may i nvolve pol
icy,soci al,or
arer elat
edt ot heARt echnologi
esar eki nd l
egalappr oaches;asanexampl e,pot ent i
al
of l ike t hose whi ch ar e f aced by poli
cies f or by stander opt -outs and
smar tphones t oday,l ike the pr i
vacy of compl i
ant camer as. Ot her issues wi l
l
sensor dat a and cr oss-appli
cation si
mi l
arl
yt ake pleasurei n non- technical
distri
buti
on.I nf ew cases,an appr opr i
ate approaches.Fi
nall
y,weshoul dincludeanAR
test
bedf orresearcher
swor kingdur i
ngt hi
s
space.Mostexper i
ment alAR appl icati
ons
todaydependupont heMi crosoftKincector
smartphone pl at
forms l ike Lay er; both
i
ncludeonl ysingleapplicationsrunni ngat
onet i
me,hi dingchallengest hatgr owsas f
ig.
4.4Pr
oty
peARPasswor
dmanager
ARsy st
emsi ncreaseincompl exi
ty.
Lev er agi ngCompl exSensorSy st ems
Nov el appl icati
ons Though augment ed AR sy stems gi ves pr ofi
tf rom t he
real
ity t echnologies cr eate i mportant combi ning ofmul tiplei nputandsensi ng
Priv
acyandsecur i
tyconv ey,thereisalsoan dev ices, whi chcanbecombi nedt oenhance
unexpl oredChancef ortheusert ouset he alldi gitalandphy sicalsecur it
y,pr ivacy ,and
secur i
ty and pr iv
acy t hr ough t hei
r saf ety. Fut ure sy stems can use AR
application to subsi stdi f
fi
cul ti
es.Int hi
s technol ogi eswhi chcanbeusedt odet ect
section, we can consi der v arious secur i
tyorpr i
v acycondi tionsoft hi st he
oppor tuniti
esf ornew secur ityandpr ivacy usershoul dbemadeal ert.Forexampl e,
enhanci ngappl i
cationswhi char eenabl ed rather t han cont i
ngent on compl i
ant
byARt echnologiesandsy stems.Ourl i
stis camer ast osomeuser sf rom unusedf ull
undoubt edl
yi ncompl ete;we hope t o see recor di ng,asy st em shoul dbeenabl eal ert
ri
chf utur eworkint hisarea. user swheni tisusedf ordet ectingcamer a
l
ensespoi nt edont hem,t hisi sused ( for
Lev er agingPer sonalVi ews i
nst ance)f orcomput erv isi
on t o det ect
ARsy stemst hati nt egr ateheads- upor some l ightwhi chi sr eflecti
ngf rom t he
otherPr ivat
edi splay s( likeGoogl eGl ass) l
ens .I tcan al so det ectsmal lf orms of
canl ever agetheseper sonalwhi chcanbe eav esdr oppi ng,e. g.,a l aser mi crophone
used t o addr ess exi st ing secur it
y and point ed ata wi ndow . Mor et han st or i
ng
privacy concer ns i n par t i
cular,pr otecting passwor ds,ARsy st emscan al sobeused
per sonaldat aandal soi mpr ov i
ngpasswor d fori mpl i
ci taut hent icat i
on oft heiruser s.
management . Per sonal di spl ays al so The pl ethor a ofsensor s ar e at tached t o
presentast r
ongdef enseagai nstshoul der peopl e usi ng t hese t echnol ogies can be
sur fi
ng, as user s may i nter act wi th usedt o aut hent i
cat et hem wi thbi omet ric
appl icationswhi char ev isibleint heirown and behav i
or alpr oper ties ofAR sy stems
view onl y.Forexampl e,someoneusi nga woul d pr ov i
de f ar mor e st rong
l
apt op on an ai rplane t oday can expose aut hent i
cat ion.Si mi l
arly ,sensordat acoul d
ev erythingwhi ch t heycanv i
ewandt ypet o beusedt ohel pwi thaut hor izedand abl et o
theirseatnei ghbour s, andr esear cher smust andaccesscont rol deci sions.ot hert hant he
hav e demonst r
ated t hat f ootage f r
om sensor sconj oint oani ndi vi
dual( e.g.,Alice),
bot tom- cost camer as can be used t o the sensor sofby stander scoul d al so be
reconst r
ucta user ’st y ping on a v irt
ual used t o aut hent icate herby gi v i
ng t he
mobi le key board. A per sonal heads- up aut hent i
cat ion sy stem wi th t hi rd-per son
displ aycombi nedwi thahapt i
csensorf or audi o,v i
sual ,andot hersensor yv i
ewsof
discr eeti nputwoul dal low.Asaconcr ete Alice. Thi s t hird- person aut hent icat i
on
exampl e,wehav ei mpl ement edapr ot otype syst em woul dshar et rustt osy stemsand
passwor d managerappl ication consi sting per sons wi t
h no i ncent iveto f alsel y
ofaGoogl eGlassappl icat ionandabr owser aut hent i
cat eAl ice.
(Chr ome)ext ension( seeFi gure).
V.Conclusion
Augment edreali
tysystems,withtheir
sophisti
cated and per
vasiveinput
,output,
andpr ocessi
ngcapacity,havethepotent
ial
to signifi
cantly benef it many user s.To Augment edReal ity( 1999) .
compl ement ongoi ng i nnovations i
n AR 9.Lay cock, S.andDay , A.Asur veyofhapt i
c
technologies,wecanar guet hatnow i tis render ing t echni ques. Comp. Gr aphi cs
also the t i
me t o def ine a r oadmap f or For um.26, 1(2007) ,50–65.
securi
ngt hecomput erpr i
vacyandsecur it
y 10.Madej ski,M. ,Johnson,M.andBel lov in,
of AR sy st
ems bef ore these sy stems S.M.TheFai lur eofOnl ineSoci alNet wor k
becomemor ebroadl ydepl oyed and t hei
r PrivacySet ti
ngs.Tech.Rep.CUCS- 010- 11,
archi
tectures become ent renched. To Dept . of Comp. Sci ence, Col umbi a
catal
yzet hi sroadmap,wecan consi der Uni ver sity ,2011.
new secur i
tyandPr ivacychal l
engesposed 11.Magani s,G. ,Jung,J. ,Kohno,T.etal .
by t hese sy stems, and we expl ore Sensor
opportuniti
es afforded by t
hese Tricor der :Whatdoes t hatsensorknow
technologiest o createnov elpr i
vacy-and aboutme? I n Pr oceedi ngs of t he 12t h
securi
ty-enhancingappl i
cati
ons. Wor kshop on Mobi leComput i
ng Sy stems
andAppl icat i
ons( 2011) ,ACM
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