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Class Relationship

This document discusses different types of class relationships in object-oriented programming, including aggregation, composition, association, and inheritance. It provides examples to illustrate each type of relationship, such as an association between a person and a company through employment, and an inheritance relationship where specific classes like car and truck inherit from a more general vehicle class. It also compares the differences between aggregation and inheritance, noting that aggregation represents a part-of relationship while inheritance models an is-a relationship between classes.

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nurul aqilah fauzan
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37 views16 pages

Class Relationship

This document discusses different types of class relationships in object-oriented programming, including aggregation, composition, association, and inheritance. It provides examples to illustrate each type of relationship, such as an association between a person and a company through employment, and an inheritance relationship where specific classes like car and truck inherit from a more general vehicle class. It also compares the differences between aggregation and inheritance, noting that aggregation represents a part-of relationship while inheritance models an is-a relationship between classes.

Uploaded by

nurul aqilah fauzan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EKT472: Object Oriented

Programming
Class Relationship
Example of Class

Sto pW atch

-seconds
+start()
+stop()
+reset()
+getSeconds(): doub le
Associations and Links
 Link is physical or conceptual connection between objects
 Link is an instance of an Association

Example:
Link : Susan is-wife-of Robert
Julie is-wife-of John
Association: Woman is-wife-of Man

Associations and Links appear as Verbs


Associations & Links...

 Associations are bi-directional

may be implemented as
unidirectional
 Implemented usually as pointers
 important not to think as pointers
 Associations may be

one-to-one
one-to-many
many-to-one
many-to-many
Associations Notations

Ex ac tly One
* M a ny
0 ..1Optiona l
Directed Association
*
1 ..* One Or M ore
0 ..* Ze ro Or M ore

0..* 1..*
Co mpa ny emp loyees Person
emp loys wo rksFor
Link Attributes & Association Classes
 Attributes that belong to association of object rather than one object

 Link Attributes belong in Association Classes

Ex: Salary received by Employee from Company


 In an one-to-one association you may try to make it attribute of one of the
objects

Leads to extensibility problems


Association Class
Notation

* *
Person Company

Employment
salary:double
Role Names
 Name given to either end of an association

• Helps to navigate from one object to


related objects
wife husband
Woman 0..1 married 0..1 Man

• Helps clarify when two classes have


several associations between them
wife husband
0..1 married 0..1
Woman 1
Man
*
daughter children father
Aggregation & Composition

Aggregation:

Part-of or part-whole relationship (by reference)


Example : Car has Engine and Transmission
Assembly of objects with aggregate and
component parts
Component existence may or may not depend
on aggregate
Aggregation & Composition...

Composition:

Part belongs to only one whole (by Value)


Part lives and dies with the whole
Whole cannot replace the part
Aggregation vs Composition Example

Person Composition
brain

Aggregation

Car
Aggregation Vs. Association
 Special form of Association
 Confusing
 Aggregation represents “part-of” relationship
 Some operations on whole automatically applied to its parts
 Aggregate is asymmetric : part is subordinate to the whole
 Association is symmetric : objects involved are of equal stature
Inheritance
 Models is-a relationship
 Relationship between a class and its refined versions
 Superclass or Base class
 Subclass or Derived class
 Inheritance is transitive
 Discriminator : The property being abstracted by a particular inheritance
 Breath Vs. Depth of inheritance
Inheritance Notation
Generalization

Superclass
Vehicle

+dri ve()
Subclass1 Subclass2

Ca r Tru ck

-sun Roo f
Inheritance Example

Child Animal

Girl Boy Dog Cat


Aggregation vs. Inheritance
 Aggregation represents part-of relationship

 Inheritance represents kind-of relationship

 Aggregation refers to object relationships

 Inheritance refers to class relationships

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