Lideta Catholic Cathedral Grade 10 th

School Biology Work Sheet May 6/2020

First lesson questions and their answer

1. What is homeostasis?
 Conditions in the body must be constantly controlled because
cells depend on the body’s environment to live and function. The
maintenance of the conditions by homeostasis is very important
because in the Wrong body conditions certain processes
(osmosis) and proteins (enzymes) will not function properly.
 Homeostasis is the ability to maintain a relatively stable internal
state that persists despite changes in the world outside.
2. Define osmo regulation ?
 The process of regulating water potential in order to keep fluid
and electrolyte balance with in a cell or organism relative to the
surrounding.
 Osmoregulation, in biology maintenance by an organism of an
internal balance between water and dissolved materials
regardless of environmental condition.
3. Define excretion ?
 Excretion is the process by which animals rid them-selves of
waste products and of the nitrogenous by/ products of
metabolism.
 Is a process by which metabolic waste is eliminated from an
organism. In humans and other vertebrates this is primarily
carried out by the kidneys and skin.
4. Name the excretory structures that are associated with
Homeostasis?
 Although the kidneys are the main organs of excretion several
other organs also excrete wastes. They include the large
intestine, liver, skin and lungs.
The role of excretory organs are summarized below
 The large intestine eliminates solid wastes that remain after
the digestion of food.
 The liver breaks down excess amino acids and toxins in the
blood.
 The skin eliminates excess water and salts in sweat
 The lungs exhale water vapor and carbon dioxide.
 The kidneys are part of the urinary system. The main function
of the urinary system is to filter waste products and excess
water from the blood and excretes them from the body.
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Lideta Catholic Cathedral Grade 10 th
School Biology Work Sheet May 6/2020

The kidneys are a pair of been shaped organs just above the waist.
The function of the kidneys is to filter blood and form urine (Regulate
blood PH).

5. Define the following terms /kidney structure – parts of a single

nephrons)
A. Bowman’s capsule:- a tin membranous double walled capsule
surrounding the glomerulus of a vertebrate nephrone through
which glomerular filtrate passes to the proximal convoluted
tubule.
B. Glomerulus :- is a network of small blood vessels known as a
tuft located at the beginning of a nephron in the kidney.
A knot of blood vessels in the Bowman’s capsule.
C. Glomerular filtration
 Glomerular filtration is the first step in making urine it is the
process that your kidneys use to filter excess fluid and waste
products out of the blood in to the urine collecting tubles of
the kidney.
 Glomerular filtration is the process where by a clear fluid, from
which blood cells and macro molecules such as proteins are
excluded, is produced from the blood perfusing the glomerulus
at the beginning of each nephrone.
D. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
ADH also called arginine vasopressin. It is a hormone made by
the hypothalamus in your brain and stored posterior pituitary
gland. It tells your kidney how much water conserve ADH
constantly regulates and balances the amount of water in your
blood.
ADH acts to maintain blood pressure blood volume and tissue
water content by controlling the amount of water and hence the
concentration of urine excreted by the kidneys.
6. How can you express the animals body temperature?
Endotherms:- generate most of the heat they need internally
when its cold out they increase metabolic heat production to keep
their body temperature constant. Because of this the internal body
temperature of an endotherm is more or less independent of the
temperature of the environment.

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Lideta Catholic Cathedral Grade 10 th
School Biology Work Sheet May 6/2020

Ectotherms :- body temperature mainly depends an external heat

sources. That is ectotherm body temperature rises and falls along
with the temperature of the surrounding environment.
7. Define the following terms (behavioral and physiological
methods of temperature regulation).
A. Hibernation: - is a state of inactivity and metabolic depression
in endotherms. Hibernation is a seasonal heterothermy
characterized by low body temperature slow commonly occurs
during winter months.
 Hibernation functions to conserve energy when sufficient food is
unavailable
 True hibernation is restricted to endotherms; ectotherms by
definition cannot hibernate because they cannot actively down
regulate their body temperature or their metabolic rate.
B. Aestivation:- is a state of animals dormancy similar to
hibernation although taking place in the summer rather than
winter. Aestivation is characterized by inactive a lowered
metabolic rate that is entered in response to high temperature
and arid conditions.
C. Metabolic response:- homeotherms maintain relatively
adjusting metabolic heat production in response to varying
environmental heat loads. As body temperature fails metabolism
increased and as body temperature rises up metabolism slow
down.
D. Pulling hairs upright/piloerection) :- bristling of hairs due
to the in voluntary contraction of small muscles at the base of
hair follicles that occurs as a reflexive response of sympathetic
nervous system especially to cold shock or fright.
E. Vasodilation:- is the widening of blood vessels. It results from
relaxation of smooth muscle cells with in the vessel walls in
particular in the large veins large arteries and small arterioles.
Vasodilation causes increased blood flow through the blood
vessels and decreased blood pressure.
F. Vasoconstriction:- is the narrowing of the blood vessels
resulting from contraction of the muscular wall of the vessels in
particular the large arteries and small arterioles. Reducing blood
flow and increase blood pressure.
8. How does the liver help maintain homeostasis?
 By regulating glucose storage
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Lideta Catholic Cathedral Grade 10 th
School Biology Work Sheet May 6/2020

 Producing bile for the small intestine as a result PH

maintained for this specific environment
 Detoxifying toxic substances
 Liver is site of different chemical reactions (regulate core body
temperature).
9. How does the kidney help to regulate blood PH ?
 The PH of body cells is 6.8 and PH of blood is 7.4 which is
almost neutral in both fluids. But there are factors that can
rise or lead to fail down your body and blood fluids PH. The
kidneys help control acid base balance by excreting hydrogen
ions and generating bicarbonate that helps maintain blood
plasma PH in a normal range.
10. List different functions of the liver ?
 The liver is an organ located in the upper right part of the
belly (abdomen) it is beneath the diaphragm and at top of
stomach right kidney and intestine there are 2 sources that
supply blood to the liver
 Oxygenated blood flows in from the hepatic artery.
 Nutrient rich blood flows in from the hepatic portal vein.

Functions of the liver

 Makes bile which helps carry a way waste and break down fats
in small intestine during digestion.
 Make certain proteins for blood plasma
 Makes cholesterol and special proteins to help fats through the
body.
 Stores and release glucose as needed
 Processes hemoglobin to use its iron content ( the liver stores
iron)
 Changes harmful ammonia to urea ( urea is one of the end
products of protein metabolism that is excreted in the urine)
 Clears the blood of medicines and other harmful substances
 Regulate blood clotting
 Fight infections by making immune factors and removing
bacteria from the blood stream
 Clears bilirubin

What is bilirubin??

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Lideta Catholic Cathedral Grade 10 th
School Biology Work Sheet May 6/2020

Unit 4
Food making and growth in plants
4.1 The leaf
Main organs of a plant

1. Leaf: - a leaf is an above ground organ and it is green. Its main

function is photosynthesis and gas exchange. A leaf often flat so it
absorbs the most light and thin so that the sunlight can get to the
chloroplasts in the cells.
2. Stem:_- stem is supportive bundle of a plant .
 Transports fluids between the roots and the shoots in the
xylem and phloem store nutrients and producing new living
tissues.
3. Flower :- the seed-bearing part of a plant.
Consisting of reproductive organs (stamens and carpels) that are
typically surrounded by a bright colored corolla (Petals) and green
calyx (sepals)
Flowers are special part of a plant and reproductive organs.
4. Roots :- the part of a plant which attaches it to the ground
typically underground conveying water and nourishment to the rest
of the plant via numerous branches and fibers.
 Dear our beloved students read your text book from page 141-
160
 Any other materials available to you that are equivalent with
your grade level and answer the following question. That we
will discuss together after the defeat of the pandemic.
1. What is photosynthesis?
2. What is the need for Co2?
3. What is the need for chlorophyll?
4. What is the need for photosynthesis?
5. What is the need for H2O