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    What Is Types of Refining of Gold?

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    Yousef Adel Hassanen
    There are two main types of refining gold: electrolysis and chlorination. Sulfuric acid can be used to refine gold alloys containing silver but not those with lead. Aqua regia is a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids used to refine high gold alloys. It dissolves gold and silver but leaves copper as a chloride. The Wohlmill process uses a gold chloride electrolyte to dissolve gold anodes and deposit pure gold on cathodes. Spongy platinum can be obtained from foul electrolytes by precipitating the platinum with ammonium chloride followed by calcination.

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    What Is Types of Refining of Gold?

    Uploaded by

    Yousef Adel Hassanen
    30 views5 pages
    There are two main types of refining gold: electrolysis and chlorination. Sulfuric acid can be used to refine gold alloys containing silver but not those with lead. Aqua regia is a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids used to refine high gold alloys. It dissolves gold and silver but leaves copper as a chloride. The Wohlmill process uses a gold chloride electrolyte to dissolve gold anodes and deposit pure gold on cathodes. Spongy platinum can be obtained from foul electrolytes by precipitating the platinum with ammonium chloride followed by calcination.

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    Q. lec. (AG4)

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    There are two main types of refining gold: electrolysis and chlorination. Sulfuric acid can be used to refine gold alloys containing silver but not those with lead. Aqua regia is a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids used to refine high gold alloys. It dissolves gold and silver but leaves copper as a chloride. The Wohlmill process uses a gold chloride electrolyte to dissolve gold anodes and deposit pure gold on cathodes. Spongy platinum can be obtained from foul electrolytes by precipitating the platinum with ammonium chloride followed by calcination.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    30 views5 pages

    What Is Types of Refining of Gold?

    Uploaded by

    Yousef Adel Hassanen
    There are two main types of refining gold: electrolysis and chlorination. Sulfuric acid can be used to refine gold alloys containing silver but not those with lead. Aqua regia is a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids used to refine high gold alloys. It dissolves gold and silver but leaves copper as a chloride. The Wohlmill process uses a gold chloride electrolyte to dissolve gold anodes and deposit pure gold on cathodes. Spongy platinum can be obtained from foul electrolytes by precipitating the platinum with ammonium chloride followed by calcination.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 5

    What is types of refining of gold?

    Separation of gold from silver or other impurities (Cu, Pt. metals, etc.) is usually
    carried out by:
     Electrolysis (electro-metallurgical process) and
     Chlorination (hydrometallurgical process).

    Mention the two refining processes of parting alloy and draw the more
    economical process.
    Parting alloy is cold-silver alloy with silver constitutes 75% of the alloy.
     Nitric acid process
     Sulfuric acid process
    Sulfuric acid as a leaching agent for refining gold reduced the cost greatly as
    compared with the nitric acid process.

    2 Ag + 2 H2SO4 → Ag2SO4+ 2H2O + SO2


    Cu + 2 H2SO4 → CuSO4+ 2H2O + SO2
    In any case we cannot use Sulfuric acid process and why?
    This process cannot be used for bullions containing appreciable quantities of
    lead, because PbSO4 will be left behind with the gold residue and considerable
    fluxing of the final product would be necessary.

    Draw flow chart for refining of low gold alloy by using nitric acid.

    What’s aqua regia?


    Mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid 1:3 by volume and it’s used to refining
    of high gold alloy.
    What is the reactions of refining of high gold alloys?
    The leaching reactions are:
    2 Au + 3 Cl2 → 2 AuCl3 (soluble)
    2 Ag + Cl2 → 2 AgCl (insoluble)
    Cu + Cl2 → CuCl2 (soluble)

    Draw flow chart for refining of platiniferous gold/ high gold alloys.

    Show the (Wohlmill process) system of gold refining.


     The electrolyte is a 7-10 % solution of AuCl 3 containing some free HCl.
     The AuCl3 is prepared in separate diaphragm-type tanks by dissolving gold at
    the anode in hydrochloric acid.
     The anodes are rectangular plates and the cathodes are of corrugated gold
    foil. The cells are porcelain or fire resistant glass;
     They are placed under an exhaust hood on a rang which heats the
    electrolyte to 55 -65˚C.

    Discuss in detail how to get pure gold.


    By using Electrolysis process:
    The gold dissolves at the anode and is deposited on the starting sheets as a dense
    and hard layer.
    Some gold also precipitates at the bottom of the cell due to the simultaneous
    formation of Au+ and Au+3 ions of gold:
    3 Au+= Au+3 + 2 Au
    The silver is changed to insoluble chloride which forms a strong coating of
    chloride on the anodes thus rendering them practically insoluble.

    How to get spongy platinum.


    The foul electrolyte contains gold and also the platinum metal which dissolve at
    the anode together with the gold without depositing on the cathode, and the
    base metals.
    Cathode, and the base metals. In treating the foul electrolyte, first the platinum is
    completely precipitated from it with a saturated solution of ammonium chloride:
    H2 PtCl6+ 2NH4Cl = (NH4) 2 PtCl6+ 2HCl
    The washed precipitate of platinum ammonium chloride is calcined to produce
    spongy platinum.

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