PASCUAL, Cristina M.

ADDING INTELLIGENCE TO THE INTERNET

Satellites have been used for years to provide communication network links. Historically,
the use of satellites in the Internet can be divided into two generations:
 First Generation Internet, satellites were simply used to provide commodity links
between countries. Internet Protocol (IP) routers were attached to the link endpoints to
use the links as single-hop alternatives to multiple terrestrial hops. Two characteristics
marked these first-generation systems: they had limited bandwidth, and they had large
latencies that were due to the propagation delay to the high orbit position of a
geosynchronous satellite.
 Second Generation of systems now appearing, intelligence is added at the satellite link
endpoints to overcome these characteristics. This intelligence is used as the basis for a
system for providing Internet access engineered using a collection or fleet of satellites,
rather than operating single satellite channels in isolation. Examples of intelligent
control of a fleet include monitoring which documents are delivered over the system to
make decisions adaptively on how to schedule satellite time; dynamically creating
multicast groups based on monitored data to conserve satellite bandwidth; caching
documents at all satellite channel endpoints; and anticipating user demands to hide
latency.

Issues In Second-Generation Satellite Link Control

We see three reasons why geosynchronous satellites will be used for some years to come
for international Internet connections. The first reason is obvious: it will be years before
terrestrial networks are able to provide adequate bandwidth uniformly around the world, given
the explosive growth in Internet bandwidth demand and the amount of the world that is still
unwired. Geosynchronous satellites can provide immediate relief. They can improve service to
bandwidth-starved regions of the globe where terrestrial networks are insufficient and can
supplement terrestrial networks elsewhere
ANDROID

Android is software for mobile phones,

tablets and a growing range of devices
encompassing everything from wearable
computing to in-car entertainment. It
launched in 2003 and is the world’s most
popular mobile operating system (OS). As an
OS, Android's job is to act as a translator
between you and your gadget. When you
take a photo, Android provides the button
you tap and tells the phone what to do when
you tap it. When you make or receive a call,
Android tells your phone how to do that.
When you play a game, Android tells the
game what movements you’re making and
what buttons you’re pressing. It’s like Windows, but for mobile devices. The Android software
itself is developed in conjunction with Google, who releases major updates to the platform
every year. Manufacturers which run Android on their phones include Samsung, Huawei, Sony,
Lenovo, HTC, LG and many others; it's currently operational on more than one billion devices.

Advantages amd Disadvantages of Using Android

Advantages of Using Android

 Android Google Developer- The biggest advantage of the Android is Google.
Android operating system is owned by Google. Google is one of the most trusted and
reputed product on the internet. The name Google provide lots of trust for the users to
buy Android device.
 Android Users- Android is the most used mobile operating system. It is used by over
billion people. Android is also the fastest growing operating system on the earth.
Android has billions of users. A number of users increase the number of applications and
software under the name of Android.
 Android Multitasking- Most of us love this feature of the android. Users can do lots of
tasks at once. Users can open several applications at once and manage them all too.
Android has great UI which makes easy for users to do multitasking.
 Google Play Store App free Download for Android – Millions of Apps- The best part of
the Android is the availability of millions of applications. Google Play store is reported as
world’s largest mobile store. It has almost everything from movies to games and much
more. These things can be easily downloaded and accessed through Android phone.
 Android Notification – Easy Access- One can easily get access to their notification of any
kind of SMS, emails or calls on their home screen or the notification panel of the android
phone. Its UI makes easy for the user to view more than 5 Android notification at once.
The user can view all the notification on the top bar.

 Android Widget – Several Widgets- Android operating system has plenty of widgets. This
widget makes the user experience much better and helps in doing multitasking. You can
add any widget depending upon the feature you want on your home screen. You can
see notifications, messages, and much more use without even opening applications.

Disadvantages of Using Android

o Android Advertisement Pop-ups- Applications are freely available in the Google play
store. But still, these applications start showing tons of advertisements on the
notification bar and over the application. This advertisement is very irritating and
creates the huge problem in managing your Android phone.
o Android Require Gmail ID- You can’t access Android device. If you have forgotten your
email ID or password. As I told you above, that Android is Google property. So, you need
to have Gmail ID to access Android. Google ID is very useful in unlocking Android phone
lock too.
o Android Battery Drain- Android handset is considered as one of the most battery
consuming operating systems. In the android operating system, there are plenty of
process running in the background which results in the quick draining of the battery. It is
hard to stop these applications as the majority of them are system applications.
o Android Malware/Virus/Security- Android device is not considered safe as compared to
other applications. It is easy to target anyAndroid phone and every day millions of
attempt are done on Android phone. Hackers keep on trying to steal your personal
information.
BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY
Bluetooth  is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data between fixed and mobile
devices over short distances using short-wavelength UHF radio waves in the industrial, scientific
and medical
radio bands,
from 2.400
to 2.485 GHz,
and
building pers
onal area
networks (PA
Ns). It was
originally
conceived as
a wireless
alternative
to RS-
232 data
cables.

Communication and Implementation

A master BR/EDR Bluetooth device can communicate with a maximum of seven devices in
a piconet (an ad-hoc computer network using Bluetooth technology), though not all devices
reach this maximum. The devices can switch roles, by agreement, and the slave can become the
master (for example, a headset initiating a connection to a phone necessarily begins as master
—as an initiator of the connection—but may subsequently operate as the slave).
The Bluetooth Core Specification provides for the connection of two or more piconets to form
a scatternet, in which certain devices simultaneously play the master role in one piconet and
the slave role in another.
At any given time, data can be transferred between the master and one other device
(except for the little-used broadcast mode). The master chooses which slave device to address;
typically, it switches rapidly from one device to another in a round-robin fashion. Since it is the
master that chooses which slave to address, whereas a slave is (in theory) supposed to listen in
each receive slot, being a master is a lighter burden than being a slave. Being a master of seven
slaves is possible; being a slave of more than one master is possible. The specification is vague
as to required behavior in scatternets.

Uses of Bluetooth Technology

 Bluetooth Tethering- Tethering is a process of sharing the mobile data or Wi-Fi
connection of your smartphone with your desktop PC or laptop. Most commonly, this is
done using Wi-Fi (for laptops) or a cable connection (for desktops), but there is also an
option for Bluetooth connection in the same menu. You can use this option to tether
your smartphone to a Bluetooth enabled PC – preferably a desktop PC with a Bluetooth
radio device connected. 
 Transfer Files Between Two Devices- You already know that you can transfer files
between two smartphones using Bluetooth; the good old cellphone (aka dumbphone)
users surely know. However, you can also connect your smartphone with your
Bluetooth-enabled PC to exchange files. Two Bluetooth enabled PCs can also connect
with each other for transferring files. It might not be as fast as a cable connection but
can be a good replacement when you don’t have a cable with you.
 Play Multiplayer Games Over Bluetooth- App stores are full of multiplayer games to be
played over an Internet connection, but did you know there are many multiplayer
games that can be played over Bluetooth? It is quite fun to go one-on-one against your
best pal while in person. You can find Bluetooth-based games on both Google Play Store
and Apple App Store – some of the titles are listed below.
 Connect Different Devices- As Bluetooth’s main purpose is to create a wireless
connection between two devices, there are many devices that can be connected using
Bluetooth. Some of the devices are listed below.
Mouse: There are many Bluetooth mice that will easily connect with your PC,
tablet and even smartphone using Bluetooth.
Keyboard: Bluetooth keyboards are also available for wireless Bluetooth
connection with your PC, tablet and smartphone. They are a good solution for using a
full physical keyboard with your smartphone.
Printers: Many Wi-Fi-enabled printers also come with Bluetooth connection to
wirelessly print documents when you are near the printer.
Bluetooth Gamepads: Bluetooth gamepads, like Playstation controllers, use
Bluetooth connection to connect with the console. This also enables them to connect
directly with other Bluetooth-enabled devices like a PC, tablet or smartphone to play
supported games. For example, you can connect your Playstation controller to your
Android phone to play PSP games on Android
 Control Home Security Gadgets- Many smart home security gadgetscome with
Bluetooth support to control them wirelessly. For example, you can use your
smartphone as a key to lock or unlock your doors (no need for a key). Some alarm
systems also come with Bluetooth integration.
 Bluetooth and Cars- Bluetooth and cars go really well together, but apart from making
hands-free calls, you can do many other things with the right device and setup. Some of
the things you can do include listen to smartphone music from car speakers, narrate and
listen to text messages aloud, and tether a smartphone with a car’s navigation system to
get live updates using mobile data