12/16/2019 The Entire API Lifecycle | Nordic APIs

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Envisioning The Entire API Lifecycle

(https://nordicapis.com/envisioning-the-entire-api-
lifecycle/)
POSTED BY BILL DOERRFELD (HTTPS://NORDICAPIS.COM/AUTHOR/BILLDOERRFELD/) | MARCH 24,
2015
Updated on October 23rd, 2015

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y Reddit (http://reddit.com/submit?url=https://nordicapis.com/envisioning-the-entire-api-
lifecycle/&title=The Entire API Lifecycle | Nordic APIs)
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entire-api-lifecycle/&t=The Entire API Lifecycle | Nordic APIs)
Total: 73

During our May 2015 Tour (http://nordicapis.com/events/api-lifecycle-tour-2015/) on API

lifecycles, we visited 4 cities to host seminars on holistic API development and maintenance. To
prep our attendees with a dose of what was to come, we delved into these ideas in the preceding
months. To start off this series of blog posts on API lifecycles, we’ll define what we mean by this
term and explore it from a high level. In subsequent posts and dedicated eBook, we’ll dig into the
details, so read on!

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12/16/2019 The Entire API Lifecycle | Nordic APIs

Austin API Summit 2020 – Super Early Bird expires Friday Dec 13

Register now (https://nordicapis.com/events/austin-api-summit-2020/)

(http://nordicapis.com/ebooks/)

Definition of The API Lifecycle

From conception to deprecation, a Software-as-a-service (SaaS
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_as_a_service)) is prone to constant evolution. Check the
changelog for a high-volume platform like Dropbox (https://www.dropbox.com/release_notes). In
such logs, you’ll find bug fixes and updates, with the latest likely made within the past couple
weeks.

The APIs that open these SaaS platforms are changing just as rapidly. So much so that API
Changelog (https://www.apichangelog.com) was created to notify users of API documentation
changes (22 updates in the last 30 days in the case of the Dropbox API
(https://www.apichangelog.com/api/dropbox) at the time of this writing). This ongoing iterative
process is not only Agile (http://nordicapis.com/what-makes-an-agile-api/), it’s evolution is in
symbiosis with many business factors that make up the organism that is the entire API lifecycle.

As the main function of web APIs is to be consumed by third party products, the API is a unique
type of business offering. It’s peculiar condition as both a software and internal asset makes its
lifecycle special – highly fueled by ongoing feedback and market validation. Compared with
standard SaaS products that may have the power to change their UI or underlying construct, an
API’s granular state can make it even more elusive.

The State of Modern Software Development

Agile (http://nordicapis.com/what-makes-an-agile-api/)…Scrum
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrum_%28software_development%29)…contemporary software
development pushes toward quick releases and fluid responses. Response to change needs to be
rapidly executed, leveraging user feedback, data, and statistics. These traits are becoming standard
practice throughout the software realm. But is producing and maintaining an API the same – or is it
a different animal entirely?

The API As a Living, Breathing Organism

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12/16/2019 The Entire API Lifecycle | Nordic APIs

Exactly how an API lifecycle looks depends on how the API functions as well as the business
Austin API Summit 2020 – Super Early Bird expires Friday Dec 13
strategy at it’s core. We at Nordic APIs have boiled down the common API lifecycle to 4 main
phases. Mapped out, thesenow
Register elements work together as such:
(https://nordicapis.com/events/austin-api-summit-2020/)

What’s With All The Arrows?

Once the cycle begins, open and simultaneous exchange between each phase will help a
practitioner stabilize the API against internal and external factors. Factors that arise within each
stage may beckon a team to move forward or backward in the lifecycle, encouraging small
revisions or large pivoting to reach end project goals.

#1: Analysis Stage — Determine API Business Strategy

So, you want to build an API. Before you build the programmatically accessible platform of the
future, the first step should be defining the API business objectives. Firms should critically ask
themselves whether or not an API is right for their particular situation.

Some industries, such as social networks, thrive off APIs as a natural extension of their digital
ecosystem. On the other hand, traditionally non-digital companies, such as Marvel comics
(http://developer.marvel.com/docs), have to be creative in handling how APIs extend their business
model.
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12/16/2019 The Entire API Lifecycle | Nordic APIs

An API should either boost pre-existing operations or work toward overall company goals in some
Austin API Summit 2020 – Super Early Bird expires Friday Dec 13
way. In our eBook Developing the API Mindset (http://nordicapis.com/developing-the-api-mindset-
private-partner-and-public-apis/) we defined 3 types of APIs:
Register now (https://nordicapis.com/events/austin-api-summit-2020/)

Private APIs streamline internal operations to decrease expenses.

Partner APIs work specifically with partner organizations to expand a services’ reach to
existing markets to generate revenue.
Public APIs form new ecosystems by opening up a service for public access. If you intend
to have a public release, obtain feedback while you perform analysis to gauge interest and
determine access control (http://nordicapis.com/should-you-control-how-your-public-api-
is-used/).

Next Steps:
Whatever the chosen API strategy is, it’s mission statement, usage projections, model for growth
(http://nordicapis.com/achieve-accelerated-growth-apis/), marketing strategy, and estimated
financial return (http://nordicapis.com/5-ways-apis-will-increase-revenue/) should be clearly laid
out before production begins. If you’ve done the necessary preparation, it’s time to move to the
Development Stage.

#2: Development Stage — Prepare and Construct

With business proof and goals laid out, the next step is defining technical requirements and
opportunities that are in cooperation with the API strategy. Development plans need to consider
the following:

what operations the API will execute

management and hosting
the methods and protocols (http://nordicapis.com/rest-better-than-soap-yes-use-cases/)
used
size and scalability
access and security control
usability and experience
the development team… among other factors

An intimate understanding of API processes will help form technical requirements. For example,
knowing whether your API will open your firms’ data (http://nordicapis.com/open-data-how-to-
make-it-work-for-your-business/), or act as a content distribution channel
(http://nordicapis.com/apis-as-a-content-distribution-channel/) can impact overall design.

In general, the API development stage should mimic the business objectives set forth within the
Analysis phase. A methodical development phase considers design, construction and testing
(http://nordicapis.com/api-design-testing-state-art/) of API processes as well as security. Design
your API with both human usability (http://nordicapis.com/designing-apis-humans/) and machine

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12/16/2019 The Entire API Lifecycle | Nordic APIs

standards (http://nordicapis.com/designing-apis-machines/) in mind. It is a good idea at this point

Austin API Summit 2020 – Super Early Bird expires Friday Dec 13
to also implement and evaluate API versioning strategies that will set the API in a good position for
future updates. Register now (https://nordicapis.com/events/austin-api-summit-2020/)

Next Steps:
During the Development Stage, a team may choose to return to the Analysis Stage to perform
additional market research and general preparation. This can arise from technical roadblocks, or
the urge to revision an APIs’ primary objectives. If the API feels polished, tested, secure, and ready
for general use, you are ready to move to the Operations Stage.

#3: Operations Stage — Foster a Userbase, Fix and Re-Fix

If you’re team’s lean as flank steak, you may be sprinting a Minimum Viable Product straight to the
masses. With loose nuts and bolts, it’s natural that the Operations Stage will involve a lot of
tweaking and bug-fixing.

Marketing a Public API Program

To spread awareness, API providers can host hackathons, improve SEO for home page and
documentation, have a dedicated @Dev channel, and use popular discoverability methods and
channels. If the resources are available, companies should also employ a dedicated API
Evangelist to promote the API at physical events and throughout the blogosphere.

But in the end, marketing an API depends on an inside-out approach. Having an easy-to-consume
development portal (http://nordicapis.com/designing-apis-humans/), an embedded help desk,
along with other DX driven suggestions we’ve laid out in the past (http://nordicapis.com/why-api-
developer-experience-matters-more-than-ever/) will help boost conversion rates.

Iteration Upon Iteration

This part of the lifecycle will likely take the most energy and time. Monitor usage statistics, and
engage with users. Use any helpful data to aid in constant revisioning. Especially if an API program
is in a closed beta, inbound tactics to collect feedback will help tremendously to aid in this iterative
development process. Make sure that all API changes are well documented on your release notes.

Next Steps:
This exciting stage will bestow on an API practitioner real market requirements, and could
potentially expose a business to entirely new opportunities. Statistics and data collected here will
impact tech requirements that could result in revisiting the Development Stage to make
incremental changes or new API versions, or consulting the Analysis Stage to make larger pivots.
If forecasts look grim, a team may consider moving to the Retirement Stage at this point.

#4: Retirement Stage — Major Versioning & Deprecation

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12/16/2019 The Entire API Lifecycle | Nordic APIs

Old age comes, and retirement is a part of life. It’s no different in the API world. The retirement of
Austin API Summit 2020 – Super Early Bird expires Friday Dec 13
the LinkedIn, Netflix (http://apievangelist.com/2013/03/12/netflix-api-is-much-more-than-a-public-
api/), Google EarthRegister
(https://developers.google.com/earth/), and ESPN
now (https://nordicapis.com/events/austin-api-summit-2020/)
(http://developer.espn.com/blog/read/publicretirement) APIs are examples of some recent large
public API deprecations.

Factors that influenced these major deprecations were things like:

limited use
outdated plugins or lack of support
a lack of 3rd party developer innovation
opposing financial incentives
privatization of data to limit the exposure of primary business assets
security concerns… among others

Netflix (http://www.rethink-wireless.com/2013/03/11/netflix-public-api-program-retired.htm), for

example, reigned in their public API to focus more on partner integrations. In the case of ESPN,
their reasoning to retire their sports data platform was “to better align engineering resources with
the growing demand to develop core ESPN products on our API platform.” In both cases, what we
learn is that by exposing assets, a business may risk losing an advantage if doing so decreases
traffic from native distribution channels.

Next Steps:

Introducing The API Lifecycle

Watch Andreas Krohn introduce the API Lifecycle at a Nordic APIs event

A doctor must always check the patient’s pulse. Versioning, deprecation, or lassoing in an API into
a more internal state are options to consider if your Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are
showing a flatline. At this point, the Analysis Stage can be reattempted, and the lifecycle repeated
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12/16/2019 The Entire API Lifecycle | Nordic APIs

if viable. A Public API may still prove profitable as a Partner offering, for example. Retiring an API
Austin API Summit 2020 – Super Early Bird expires Friday Dec 13
or API version is the best option when the API no longer is the best solution to reach the goals of
the business. Whatever thenow
Register solution is, we recommend a transparent public announcement that
(https://nordicapis.com/events/austin-api-summit-2020/)
offers a reasonable timeline.

Overview of the API Lifecycle

In this brief article we’ve given a 30,000 foot view of the somewhat untraditional API Lifecycle. For
more, continue reading The API Lifecycle series:

1. Introduction: Envisioning the API Lifecycle (http://nordicapis.com/envisioning-the-entire-

api-lifecycle/)
2. Analysis Stage: Preparing your API Strategy (http://nordicapis.com/api-lifecycle-analysis-
stage-preparing-your-api-strategy-pre-launch/)
3. Development Stage: Deploying Your API (http://nordicapis.com/api-lifecycle-
development/)
4. Operations Stage: Marketing Your API (http://nordicapis.com/api-lifecycle-operations-
stage-marketing-your-api/)
5. Retirement Stage: A History of Major Public API Retirements — The Ultimate Guide
(http://nordicapis.com/api-lifecycle-retirement-stage-a-history-of-major-public-api-
retirements/)

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About Bill Doerrfeld

Bill Doerrfeld is a tech journalist and API specialist, focusing on API economy
research and marketing strategy for developer programs. He is the Editor in Chief
for Nordic APIs. He leads content direction and oversees the publishing schedule
for the Nordic APIs blog. Bill personally reviews all submissions for the blog and is
always on the hunt for API stories; you can pitch your article ideas on our Create
With Us (http://nordicapis.com/create-with-us/) page. Follow him on Twitter
(http://www.twitter.com/doerrfeldbill), or visit his personal website
(http://www.doerrfeld.io).

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