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The document describes an automated irrigation system for agriculture that uses soil moisture sensors, a submersible pump controlled by an Arduino, and an LCD display to monitor the system status. It aims to more efficiently use water resources by only turning on the pump when the soil needs water based on moisture levels. The system also incorporates a solar panel, temperature sensor, IR sensor, buzzer, and relay module.

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Kranthi Kumar
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91 views37 pages

batch007PPT1 PDF

The document describes an automated irrigation system for agriculture that uses soil moisture sensors, a submersible pump controlled by an Arduino, and an LCD display to monitor the system status. It aims to more efficiently use water resources by only turning on the pump when the soil needs water based on moisture levels. The system also incorporates a solar panel, temperature sensor, IR sensor, buzzer, and relay module.

Uploaded by

Kranthi Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 37

Implementation of Hi-Tech Agricultural

Solar Fence Security with


Soil Humidity Based Automatic Irrigation
System and human detection using Iot

S Arvind (17RA5A0203)
Mr. A.Gopi CH. Susmitha (17RA5A0216)
KVS Vishal (17RA5A0220)
Abstract
Irrigation system in India has given a high priority in economic
development. Many new concepts are being developed to allow
agricultural automation to flourish and deliver its full potential.
To take full advantage of these technologies, we should not just consider
the implication of developing a new single technology but should look at
the wider issues for complete development of a system.

The project irrigation control using Arduino uno is designed to tackle the
problems of agricultural sector regarding irrigation system with available
water resources.
In this project we are using Arduino uno,Moisture sensors, AC
submersible pump, relay driver. A submersible motor will get switched
ON /OFF
depending on the soil moisture condition and status of motor can be
displayed on 16X2 LCD.

2
Agriculture

3
EMBEDDED SYSTEM

A System is combination of hardware and software


which together form a component of a larger
machine.
An embedded system is a computer system designed to
perform one or a few dedicated functions often with real-
time computing constraints.

Embedded system is classified into 2 categories:


❖ Stand Alone Embedded System
❖ Real-time embedded systems
Block diagram

Regulated power supply

LCD
Solar

Buzzer
Temperature
Arduino
Relay
IR

5
SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION

This project is implemented using following software:

1.Arduino IDE – Editor :to write Embedded C language


2.Arduino IDE - Compilation :to convert .C file to .Hex file
3.Arduino IDE - Dumper: to upload code into Microcontroller
REGULATED POWER SUPPLY
➢ Every embedded system requires dc voltage and that that will
be 5v supply
➢ We are getting 230v, 50 Hz in our house hold applications.
We can be used to operate the home appliances like T.V,
cooler, fan, light’s
➢ Digital electronic devices need digital supply and we can
get supply from regulated power supply block

Step down
Bridge Capacitive Regulator +5V DC
230 v AC transformer
rectifier filter (7805)
(V-0-12 )
Solar cell
• A solar cell or photovoltaic cell is a device that
converts solar energy into electricity by the
photovoltaic effect. Sometimes the term solar cell is
reserved for devices intended specifically to capture
energy from sunlight, while the term photovoltaic cell
is used when the source is unspecified.

• Assemblies of cells are used to make solar panel, solar


modules, or photovoltaic arrays. Photovoltaic is the
field of technology and research related to the
application of solar cells for solar energy.
Working
• 1. Photons in sunlight hit the solar panel and are
absorbed by semi conducting materials, such as
silicon.
• 2. Electrons (negatively charged) are knocked loose
from their atoms, allowing them to flow through the
material to produce electricity. Due to the special
composition of solar cells, only allow the electrons to
move in a single direction.
• The complementary positive charges that are also
created (like bubbles) are called holes and flow in the
direction opposite of the electrons in a silicon solar
panel.
• 3. An array of solar panels converts solar energy into a
usable amount of direct current (DC) electricity.
Diagram of Solar plate

Solar plate:
Applications:

• Solar cells can also be applied to other electronics


devices to make it self-power sustainable in the sun.
There are solar cell phone chargers, solar bike light
and solar camping lanterns that people can adopt for
daily use.
What is Arduino
• Open Source Hardware, you can make your own board, or buy one.
• Cheap, easily available.
• Open Source Software.
• Very widespread, many projects openly available.
• Extra HW (shields) available.
COMPILATION STEPS
LED INDICATORS
➢ Led indicators have a life of at least ten years and
consume 90 per cent less power than conventional indicators.

➢ Depending on the type of the materials (Ga,As,p) led will


gives the output in different colors (red, Yellow, green etc..)

➢ LED’s emitted low-intensity red light, but modern versions are


available across the visible, ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths,
with very high brightness.

➢ LED’s are used as indicator lamps in many devices, and are


increasingly used for lighting. Introduced as a practical
electronic component
Regulator
✓The output of filter is not constant output voltage it will varies
according to changes in input but we want constant output voltage.
For this purpose we are using voltage regulator.

✓Regulator is defined as it is a device which will maintain constant


output irrespective of changes in input.

✓The most popular regulator series is 78xx series. This series have
more advantages.

✓We are using 7805 voltage regulator to maintain constant 5v output


voltage irrespective of changes in input voltage.
SENSORS
• A sensor, as the name suggests, is used to
sense any type of disturbances
• A sensor can give analog as well as digital
value.

• A sensor also called a detector is a device


which receives and responds to a signal.

• A sensor's sensitivity indicates how much the


sensor's output changes when the measured
quantity changes.

20
IR SENSORS

21
• IR stands for “Infra Red”.
• IR Sensor is a sensor that sends and detects IR
Radiation/Signals.
• Infrared radiation is the portion of electromagnetic
spectrum having wavelengths longer than visible
light wavelengths, but smaller than microwaves, i.e.,
the region roughly from 0.75µm to 1000 µm is the
infrared region.
• Infrared waves are invisible to human eyes.
• These are of 3 types near infrared, mid infrared, far
infrared

22
TEMPERATURE SENSOR
• The LM35 is an integrated circuit sensor that can be used to measure
temperature with an electrical output proportional to the temperature
(in °C)

• It can measure temperature more accurately than a using a thermistor.

• The sensor circuitry is sealed and not subject to oxidation.

• The LM35 generates a higher output voltage than thermocouples and


may not require that the output voltage be amplified.

• The LM35 has an output voltage that is proportional to the Celsius


temperature.

• The scale factor is .01V/°C.


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LCD DISPLAY

➢ A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a thin, flat electronic


visual display that uses the light modulating properties
of liquid crystals.

➢ Liquid crystal display is very important device in


embedded system. It offers high flexibility to user as he
can display the required data on it.

➢ These are used in a wide range of applications,


including computer monitors, television, instrument
panels, aircraft, cockpit displays, signage, etc
PIN DESCRIPTION
Pin No. Name Description
Pin no. 1 VSS Power supply (GND)
Pin no. 2 VCC Power supply (+5V)
Pin no. 3 VEE Contrast adjust
0 = Instruction input
Pin no. 4 RS
1 = Data input
0 = Write to LCD module
Pin no. 5 R/W
1 = Read from LCD module
Pin no. 6 EN Enable signal
Pin no. 7 D0 Data bus line 0 (LSB)
Pin no. 8 D1 Data bus line 1
Pin no. 9 D2 Data bus line 2
Pin no. 10 D3 Data bus line 3
Pin no. 11 D4 Data bus line 4
Pin no. 12 D5 Data bus line 5
Pin no. 13 D6 Data bus line 6
Pin no. 14 D7 Data bus line 7 (MSB)
BUZZER
➢ A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be
mechanical, electromechanical, or electronic.

➢ A buzzer can be operated on two principles.

1. piezo electric buzzer, it generates sound because of the


piezoelectric effect.

2. magnetic buzzer is based on the electromagnetic principle. In


this project we are going to use magnetic buzzer.

characteristics of buzzer circuit :


1. sound level -------------------70-95 dB
2. current consumption---------35-60 ma
3. resonant frequency---------- 1-3 khz
• RELAY

► Relay is an electromagnetic switch. . It consists of a coil of wire


surrounding a soft iron core, an iron yoke, which provides a low
reluctance path for magnetic flux, a movable iron armature, and a set, or
sets, of contacts; two in the relay pictured. The armature is hinged to the
yoke and mechanically linked to a moving contact or contacts.

► When an electric current is passed through the coil, the resulting magnetic
field attracts the armature and the consequent movement of the movable
contact or contacts either makes or breaks a connection with a fixed
contact.
RELAY CIRCUIT
• Applications of relays:

➢Control a high-voltage circuit with a low-voltage


signal, as in some types of modems or audio
amplifiers.

➢Control a high-current circuit with a low-current


signal, as in the starter solenoid of an automobile.

➢Detect and isolate faults on transmission and


distribution lines by opening and closing circuit
breakers (protection relays).
Working of project
• First solar fence gets the supply from solar panels to provide electric
protection to the farm.
• Next some of the solar power is regulated to 5v which is enough to run the
embedded system.
• When the moisture in the farmland decreases to its peak then the moisture
sensor will send a alert signal to the circuit which in return activates the
relay and turns the motor on. After reaching to the specified water level
the motors gets off automatically.
• Next the temperature sensor is used to measure the temperature and that
can be indicated in lcd display.
• Finally when some invaders or animals tries to enter the farm the ir sensor
alerts the circuit to trigger alarm and send message to the owner through
iot.

34
Conclusion
• Integrating features of all the hardware components used have been
developed in it. Presence of every module has been reasoned out and
placed carefully, thus contributing to the best working of the unit.
Secondly, using highly advanced IC’s with the help of growing
technology, the project has been successfully implemented. Thus the
project has been successfully designed and tested.

35
Result

36
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