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    IEE Wiring Regulation

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    afterc82
    The document discusses electrical wiring regulations regarding protection against electric shocks and overcurrent. It covers direct and indirect contact protection, earth fault loop impedance calculation, types of overcurrent protection devices like fuses and circuit breakers, and selection of devices based on cable ratings and load currents. Short circuit protection is also discussed, noting the need for breaking capacity above fault current levels to prevent damage from high temperatures.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    IEE Wiring Regulation

    Uploaded by

    afterc82
    2K views23 pages
    The document discusses electrical wiring regulations regarding protection against electric shocks and overcurrent. It covers direct and indirect contact protection, earth fault loop impedance calculation, types of overcurrent protection devices like fuses and circuit breakers, and selection of devices based on cable ratings and load currents. Short circuit protection is also discussed, noting the need for breaking capacity above fault current levels to prevent damage from high temperatures.

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    The document discusses electrical wiring regulations regarding protection against electric shocks and overcurrent. It covers direct and indirect contact protection, earth fault loop impedance calculation, types of overcurrent protection devices like fuses and circuit breakers, and selection of devices based on cable ratings and load currents. Short circuit protection is also discussed, noting the need for breaking capacity above fault current levels to prevent damage from high temperatures.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    2K views23 pages

    IEE Wiring Regulation

    Uploaded by

    afterc82
    The document discusses electrical wiring regulations regarding protection against electric shocks and overcurrent. It covers direct and indirect contact protection, earth fault loop impedance calculation, types of overcurrent protection devices like fuses and circuit breakers, and selection of devices based on cable ratings and load currents. Short circuit protection is also discussed, noting the need for breaking capacity above fault current levels to prevent damage from high temperatures.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 23

    IEE Wiring Regulations

    Designing an electrical
    installation
    Assessment of general characteristic
    Purpose and intended use of the building
    and the type of construction
    Maximum current demand
    Compatibility
    Maintainability
    PROTECTION AGAINST
    ELECTRIC SHOCKS

    Direct Contact

    An electric shock result from contact with


    a conductor which forms part of a
    circuit and would be expected to be
    live.
    DIRECT CONTACT
    L
    N
    PROTECTION AGAINST
    ELECTRIC SHOCKS

    Indirect contact

    An electric shock is received from contact


    with something which would not
    normally be expected to be live but
    has become so as a results of a fault.
    INDIRECT CONTACT
    L
    N

    E
    PROTECTION AGAINST
    ELECTRIC SHOCKS
    Protection against direct contact
    The insulation of live parts
    The provision of barrier, obstacles or
    enclosure to prevent touching
    Placing out of reach
    PROTECTION AGAINST
    ELECTRIC SHOCKS
    Protection against indirect
    contact
    Making sure that when a fault occurs the
    supply being cutoff within a safe time
    using
    An over-current protection devices
    A residual current devices (Current operated
    trip switch)
    Protection with over-current
    Earth fault devices
    loop
    L
    N
    Fuse/
    MCB

    Substation
    earth
    Protective
    conductor
    Earth fault loop impedance
    Phase conductor impedance
    T/F leakage impedance
    T/F earth resistance including protective
    conductor
    Resistance of the earth
    Resistance of the consumers earth
    electrode
    Protective conductor impedance
    Fault impedance
    Fixed and portable equipment

    Portable equipment Fixed equipment


    Should disconnect the Should disconnect the
    supply within 0. 4 s supply within 5 s
    Operation criteria for a fuse
    Fusing current < Fault current
    Fusing current
    For a portable appliance fusing current for 0.4 s
    operation
    For a fixed equipment fusing current for 5 s
    operation
    Fault current
    = Nominal voltage / Earth fault loop
    impedance
    Fusing characteristic

    5 sec operating time for


    a 30 A fuse = 130 A
    Maximum allowable
    earth fault loop
    impedance = .....
    Over-current
    A
    0.1Ω

    240V B 50Ω
    0.1Ω
    C
    5A wire
    CALCULATE
    •Normal current in the circuit
    •Current when B & C are short circuited due to a fault
    •Current when there is a direct short circuit between A & C
    Over-current and short circuit
    current

    Over-current: current higher than that


    is intended to be present in the system

    Short circuit current: Occur under fault


    conditions and may be very high
    Protection against overload
    current

    Overload current should be interrupted


    before a temperature rise cause
    damage to the insulation, joints etc.
    Devices that can be used:
    Semi-enclosed fuses
    High breaking capacity fuses
    Miniature and moulded case circuit
    breakers (MCB and MCCB)
    Selection criteria of the protective
    device for overload
    Protective device .. Nominal current (In)
    Operating current (I2)
    I2 > In
    Cable ... Current carrying capacity (For the
    smallest cable Iz)
    Designed current or load current (Ib)
    Ib < In < Iz
    I2 < 1.45 x Iz
    Semi-enclosed fuses
    Rated current (In) – value of current
    which the fusing element can usually
    carry without melting
    Minimum fusing current (I2) – minimum
    value of the current at which the fuse
    element melts
    Fusing factor = I2/In ∼ 2
    In2 ∝ d3 ( d – diameter of the fuse wire)
    HBC fuses
    HBC fuses has quenching materials
    inside to quench the arc produced
    during the breaking process
    Breaking capacity --- 10 – 20 kA
    Filling
    powder

    Fusing element
    Miniature circuit breaker (MCB)
    MCB is fitted with
    Magnetic coil – for very
    fast operation under
    short circuit
    Bimetallic strip – for slow
    operation for overload
    currents
    Miniature circuit breaker (MCB)
    3
    10

    2
    10
    Time in sec for TMS = 1

    1
    10

    0
    10

    -1
    10

    -2
    10

    -3
    10
    0 1 2
    10 10 10
    Current as a multiple of plug setting
    Moulded case circuit breaker
    (MCCB)
    Rating can be
    adjusted
    Protection against short circuit
    Fault current is very high
    Breaking capacity of the protective
    device > Fault current
    The fault current protection system must
    operates before there is damaging
    increase in conductor insulation
    temperature 2
    A
    Time to damage a cable t ∝ 2
    I

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