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Thermal Engineering Lab Manual

The experiment aims to determine the actual valve timing of a 4-stroke diesel engine through observation. The theory states that valves open earlier and close later than the theoretical dead center positions. The inlet valve opens 10-25° before top dead center and closes 25-50° after bottom dead center. The exhaust valve opens 30-50° before bottom dead center and closes 10-15° after top dead center. Observations of the valve positions are recorded and used to calculate crank angles and draw the valve timing diagram.

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91 views3 pages

Thermal Engineering Lab Manual

The experiment aims to determine the actual valve timing of a 4-stroke diesel engine through observation. The theory states that valves open earlier and close later than the theoretical dead center positions. The inlet valve opens 10-25° before top dead center and closes 25-50° after bottom dead center. The exhaust valve opens 30-50° before bottom dead center and closes 10-15° after top dead center. Observations of the valve positions are recorded and used to calculate crank angles and draw the valve timing diagram.

Uploaded by

arvindmit2013
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© © All Rights Reserved
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EXPERIMENT -02

AIM: ​The experiment is conducted to


❖ Determine the actual valve timing for a 4-stroke diesel engine and hence draw the diagram.
DATA:ENGINE​- 4 stroke, single cylinder, constant speed, and water cooled vertical diesel
engine, 5BHP, and 1500 rpm.

THEORY:​ In a four stroke engine opening and closing of valves and fuel injection do not take place
exactly at the end of dead center positions. The valves open slightly earlier and close after that respective
dead center position. The injection (ignition) also occurs prior to the full compression and the piston
reaches the dead Centre position. All the valves operated at some degree on either side in terms of crank
angles from dead center position.

INLET VALVE: ​During the suction stroke the inlet valve must be open to admit charge into the
cylinder, the inlet valve opens slightly before the piston starts downward on the suction stroke. The reason
that the inlet valve is open before the start of suction stroke is that the valve is necessary to permit this
valve to be open and close slowly to provide quite operations under high speed condition.
INLET VALVE OPENS (IVO):​ It is done at 10 to 25​0​ in advance of TDC position.
INLET VALVE CLOSES (IVC): ​It is done at 25 to 50​0 ​after BDC position.
EXHAUST VALVE:​ As the piston is forced out on the outstroke by the expanding gases, it has been
found necessary to open the exhaust valve before the piston reaches the end of the stroke. By opening the
exhaust valve before the piston reaches the end of its own power stroke, the gases have an outlet for
expansion and begin to rush out of their own accord. This removes the greater part of the burnt gases
reducing the amount of work to be done by the piston on its return stroke.
EXHAUST VALVE OPENS (EVO):​ It is done at 30 to 50​0​ in advance of BDC position. ​EXHAUST
VALVE CLOSES (EVC):​ It is done at 10 to 15​0​ after the TDC position.

PROCEDURE:
1. Keep the decompression lever in vertical position. 2. Bring the TDC mark to the pointer level closed.
3. Rotate the flywheel till the inlet valves moves down i.e., opened. 4. Draw a line on the flywheel in
front of the pointer and take the reading. 5. Continue to rotate the flywheel till the inlet valve goes down
and comes to horizontal position and take reading. 6. Continue to rotate the flywheel till the outlet valve
opens, take the reading. 7. Continue to rotate the flywheel till the exhaust valve gets closed and take the
reading.
4 Stroke Diesel Engine

OBSERVATIONS:
Sl. No Valve Position Arc Length, S Angle ‘θ’ in degrees

CALCULATIONS:
1. Diameter of flywheel D
D = C ircumf erential of f lywheel/π

2. Crank angle in θ = S * 360/(D * π )

Where, S = Arc length, mm

RESULT:

Valve Timing diagram is drawn

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