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Network Notes - Iv: Wireless/Mobile Computing

The document discusses various networking protocols, wireless technologies, and internet concepts. It provides details on protocols like SMTP, POP3, IMAP for email and VoIP for voice calls over IP networks. It also describes wireless standards like GSM, CDMA, and Wi-Fi as well as mobile network generations from 1G to 4G. Additionally, it defines common internet terms including URLs, web browsers, servers, and scripting languages used on the client-side and server-side of web applications.

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65 views5 pages

Network Notes - Iv: Wireless/Mobile Computing

The document discusses various networking protocols, wireless technologies, and internet concepts. It provides details on protocols like SMTP, POP3, IMAP for email and VoIP for voice calls over IP networks. It also describes wireless standards like GSM, CDMA, and Wi-Fi as well as mobile network generations from 1G to 4G. Additionally, it defines common internet terms including URLs, web browsers, servers, and scripting languages used on the client-side and server-side of web applications.

Uploaded by

DOPE TECH
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NETWORK NOTES – IV

PROTOCOLS

5) SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)- it is the standard protocol for sending emails
across the internet. It handles only outgoing messages and not incoming messages.

6) POP3 (Post Office Protocol version3) – it is the standard mail protocol used to receive
emails. POP3 allows the user to download email messages on your local computer and read
them even when you are offline.

7)IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) – it is also a standard protocol used to


receive emails. While the POP3 protocol assumes that your mail is being accessed only
from one application IMAP allows simultaneous access by multiple clients. So IMAP is more
suitable if you want to access email from different locations or by multiple users.

8) VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)- it is a protocol that is used for transmitting voice
data and multimedia data over internet protocol. So VoIP can be achieved on any data
network that uses IP , like internet, intranet and LANs. Here, the voice signal is digitized,
compressed and converted to IP packets and then transmitted over the IP network. VoIP
reduces infrastructure costs as it allows both data and voice communications to be run
over a single network.

9) IRC (Internet Relay Chat) – it is the most common chat protocol. It is a simple,
text-based conferencing protocol, involving a number of users spread across a
number of interconnected servers.

10) H.323 – it is a Video-conferencing protocol. H.323 is a standard that specifies the


components, protocols and procedures that provide multimedia communication services -
real-time audio, video, and data communications - over packet-based networks (including
the Internet).

11) SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) - it is a Video-conferencing protocol. It is an IP


telephony signaling protocol used to establish, modify and terminate VoIP telephone
calls. It is text based, and very open and flexible. It has therefore largely replaced the
H.323 standard.

WIRELESS/MOBILE COMPUTING
Wireless communication is simply data communication without the use of landlines.

Mobile computing means that the computing device is not continuously connected to
the base or central network.
Various technologies and interfaces used for wireless and mobile computing:
1) GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) –it is one of the leading
digital cellular systems. To connect to the specific service providers in
these different countries, GSM users simply switch subscriber
identification module (SIM) cards. SIM cards are small removable disks
that slip in and out of GSM cell phones. GSM uses narrowband TDMA,
which allows eight simultaneous calls on the same radio frequency.
TDMA is short for Time Division Multiple Access,
2) CDMA (Code-Division Multiple Access) – it is a digital cellular technology
that uses spread-spectrum techniques. CDMA does not assign a specific
frequency to each user.
3) Wireless in Local Loop (WLL or WiLL) – it is a system that connects
subscribers to public switched telephone network using radio signals as a
substitute for other connecting media. WLL system offers better bandwidth than
traditional telephone systems

4) GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) – it is used for wireless


communication using a mobile device. With this service you can access
the Internet, send emails and large data.
5) 1G, 2G, 3G and 4G Networks
1G networks (NMT, C-Nets, AMPS, TACS) are considered to be the first
analog cellular systems, which started early 1980s. 1G networks were
conceived and designed purely for voice calls with almost no
consideration of data services
2G networks (GSM, CDMAOne, D-AMPS) are the first digital cellular
systems launched early 1990s, offering improved sound quality, better
security and higher total capacity.
3G networks (Arib WCDMA, EDGE, IMT-2000 DECT) mobile communications
technology is a broadband, packet-based transmission of text, digitized voice,
video, and multimedia at data rates up to and possibly higher than 2 megabits
per second (Mbps), offering a consistent set of services to mobile computer and
phone users no matter where they are located in the world
4G networks- 4G is all about faster Internet speeds. 4G wireless
technology is also referred to by “MAGIC” which stands for Mobile
multimedia, Any-where, Global mobility solutions over, Integrated wireless
and Customized services. 4G will use technologies like WiMAX and LTE ( Long
Term Evolution) etc.

WIFI AND WIMAX

Wi-Fi refers to Wireless Fidelity, which lets you connect to the Internet without a
direct line from your PC to the ISP. For Wi-Fi to work, you need a broadband
Internet connection, a wireless router, which relays your Internet connection
from the “wall” (the ISP) to the PC and laptop or desktop with a wireless
internet card or external wireless adapter.
Wi-Fi Hotspots. A hotspot is a venue that offers Wi-Fi access. The public can use
a laptop, WiFi phone, or other suitable portable device to access the Internet
through a WiFi Hotspot.
WiMAX is a wireless digital communications system. WiMAX can provide
broadband wireless access up to 30 miles (50 km) for fixed stations, and 3-10
miles (5-15 km) for mobile stations. In contrast, the WiFi wireless local area
network standard is limited in most cases to only 100-300 feet (30-100 m).
WiMax does not depend on cables to connect each endpoint, the Internet
connectivity to an end-user is provided through microwave link between the
tower and the user-endpoint, known as WiMax Subscriber unit.

INTERNETWORKING TERMS AND CONCEPTS


1) WWW (World Wide Web)- is a set of protocols that allows you to access any
document on the Net through a naming system based on URLs. WWW also
specifies a way to request and send a document over the internet.
2) URL Uniform Resource Locator) specifies the distinct address for each resource
on the Internet. An Internet address which is character based is called a Domain
Name.(eg; .gov,.edu,.in etc)
e.g. for URL - http://www.khoj.com, http://www.cbse.nic.in
3) Web Browser - A Web Browser is a WWW client that navigates through the
World Wide Web and displays web pages.eg: Internet Explorer and
Netscape Navigator
4) Web Server - A Web Server is a WWW server that responds to the requests
made by web browsers.
5) Web site- A location on a net server is called a web site. Each web site has a
unique address called URL (Uniform Resource Locator) e.g., the web site of
microsoft has an address or URL called http://www.microsoft.com.
Another method of addressing servers is based on numbers e.g.
203.127.54.9. Such addresses are called IP addresses.
6) Web Page -A document that uses HTTP is called a Web Page
7) Telnet is an Internet utility that lets you log onto remote computer systems.
8) Web 2.0 refers to added features and applications that make the web more
interactive, support easy online- information exchange and interoperability.
Some noticeable features of Web 2.0 are blogs, wikis, video-sharing websites,
social networking websites, RSS etc.
9) Web Hosting -is a means of hosting web-server application on a computer system
through which electronic content on the Internet is readily available to any web-
browser client.

10) HTML(Hypertext Markup Language) -Everything that you see on the


Web is documents written in a special language called HTML. HTML is a
document-layout and hyperlink-specification language. HTML provides many
layout commands, called tags that let you control the presentation of
information on a web pages.
11)XML (eXtensible Markup Language)- is a markup language for documents
containing structured information.

Difference between HTML and XML


In HTML, both the tag semantics and the tag set are fixed. On the other hand, XML
specifies neither semantics nor a tag set. In fact XML is really a meta-language for
describing markup languages.

12) Web Scripting- The process of creating and embedding scripts in a web
page is known as web-scripting. A Script is a list of commands embedded in a
web-page.

Client-side scripting enables interaction within a web page. Eg: VBScript,


JavaScript, Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP).
Server-side scripting enables the completion or carrying out a task at the
server-end and then sending the result to the client-end. Eg: PHP (Hypertext
Preprocessor), Perl, ASP (Active Server Pages), JSP (Java Server Pages) etc.
ASSIGNMENT
1) Explain VoIP.
2) Differentiate between HTML and XML
3) Give example for Client side script and server side script languages.
4) Give example for a URL.
5) Differentiate between WiFi and WiMAX
6) What is MAGIC?

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