Binomial Distribution

Properties of Binomial Distribution

Experiment consists of a sequence of n identical trials.
Two outcomes are possible on each trial - success (p) and failure (q = 1 - p).
The probability of success or failure do not change from trial to trial. generates a Bernoulli
Process
The trials are independent.

The number of experimental outcomes resulting in exactly x successes in n trials can be computed as follows:

n!
Probability of r successes in n trials = pr q n−r
r ! ( n− r )!
1. Find the probability of getting exactly 3 heads in 4 tosses of a biased coin, where
P(H) = 3/4 P(T) = 1/4

P(X = 3) 4
()
3
( 0. 75 )3 ( 0 . 25)1 =4× ( 0. 75 )3 ( 0 .25 )=0. 421875

Mean np
vaiance npq

Poisson
(I) The prob of an occurance is the same for any 2 intervals (time or distance) of equal length.
(ii) The occurance or non-occurance in any interval is indep of the occurance or non-occurance in any other period
(iii) Poisson distribution is applied when the events considered for study are unusual or accidental in nature

x −μ
μ e f(x) = prob of x occurances in an interval
f ( x )=
x! Miu is the mean and the variance of the distribution
 Waiting time (x) Frequency Rel. Freq. (p) x-u (x-u)^2
2 2 2% -9.7 94.3
4 6 5% -7.7 59.5
generates a binomial 6 9 7% -5.7 32.6
distribution 8 16 12% -3.7 13.8
10 22 17% -1.7 2.9
12 28 21% 0.3 0.1
14 20 15% 2.3 5.2
16 15 11% 4.3 18.4
18 10 8% 6.3 39.5
20 4 3% 8.3 68.7
Total 132 1

E(x) 11.7
Var(x) 16.5
SD 4.1

Rel. Freq. (p)

25%
20%
15%
Rel. Freq.
10% (p)
5%
0%
0 5 10 15 20 25
Let us consider the purchase decision of the next 3 customers who enter the Murti Cloth Store.
On the basis of past experience, the store manager estimates the probability that any one
customer will make a purchase is 0.30. What is the probability that two of the next three customers
will make a purchase?

Exact Atmost
f(0) 0.343 0.343
f(1) 0.441 0.784
f(2) 0.189 0.973
f(3) 0.027 1

Question: Military rader and missile detection systems are designed to warn a country against enemy attacks.
A reliability question is whether a detection system will be able to identify an attack and issue a
warning. Assume that a particular detection system has a 0.90 probability of detecting a missile
attack. Use binomial probability distribution to answer the following questions:
a. What is the probability that a single detection system will detect an attack?
b. If two detection systems are installed in the same area and operate independently, what is the
probability that at least one of the systems will detect the attack?
c. If three systems are installed, what is the probability that at least one of the systems will detect the attack?
d. Would you recommend that multiple detection systems be used? Explain.

a f(1) 0.9
b 1-f(0) 0.99
c 1-f(0) 0.999
d Yes, P(c)>P(b)

Question: Fifty percent of Indian Exporters think that we are in a recession, even though technically we have
not had two straight quarters of negative growth (Business Week, Dec. 31, 2009). For a sample of 20
Indian Exporters, make the following calculations.
a. Compute the probability that 12 or more people think we are in a recession.
b. Compute the probability that no more than 5 people think we are in a recession.
c. How many people would you expect to say we are in recession?
d. Compute the variance and standard of the number of people who think we are in a recession.

a 1-f(11)atmost 0.252
b f(5)atmost 0.021
c np 10
d npq 5

If the probability of being a smoker among a group of cases with lung cancer is 0.6,
what’s the probability that in a group of 8 cases you have less than 2 smokers?
More than 5?
What are the expected value and variance of the number of smokers?

(i) what is the prob of having 2 smokers?

(ii) what is the prob of having at the most 2 smokers?

a at most 1 0.009
b 1-f(5) 0.315
i exact 2 0.041
ii f(2) 0.050

Question: Panasonic is one of the manufacturers of Full HD 3D Plasma Televisions. It claims that 95 percent
of its sets last at least five years without requiring a simgle repair. Suppose we contact 8 randomly
selected customers who purchased these sets. Each purchaser's set will have needed no repairs
or will have required at least one repair. It is reasonable to believe that the repair records of
purchasers' sets are independent of each other.
What is the probability that 5 out of 8 selected customers' sets lasted for at least 5 years, without a
single repair?

0.0054
 none makes a purchase
1 person makes a purchase
this is your question? -> 2 persons make a purchase
3 persons make a purchase

(i) what is the prob that exactly 2 persons purchase?

(ii) what is the prob that at least 2 persons make a pruchase?
(iii) what is the prob that atmost 2 persons make a purchase?

In the cumulative section - we will use "1" if it has a retrospective (cumulative) effect.
In the cumulative section - we will use "0" if it has a exact value.

exactly 2
upto 2
f(0)
f(1)
f(2)
f(3)

f(2)
f(2)+f(3) 1 - [f(0)+f(1)]
f(0)+f(1)+f(2)
1 - f(3)

BINOMDIST(2,3,0.3,0)
BINOMDIST(2,3,0.3,1)
Poisson distribution is useful in estimating the number of occurances over a specified interval of time or space.
Properties:
a. The probability of an occurance is the same for any two intervals of equal length.
b. The occurance or non-occurance in any interval is independent of the the
occurance or non-occurance in any other interval.

Example: We are interested in the number of arrivals at the drive-in teller window of a bank during a
15-minute period on weekday mornings. It is assumed that the probability of a car arriving
time is the same for any two time periods of equal length and that the arrival or non-arrival of a
interval car in any time period is independent of the arrival or non-arrival in any other time period.
problem An analysis of historical data shows that the average number of arriving in a 15-minute
period of time is 10. The management is interested to know the probability of exactly 5
arrivals in 15 minutes.

0.038

Suppose we are concerned with the occurance of major accidents in a highway one month after resurfacing.
It is assumed that the probability of accident is the same for any two highway intervals of equal length and
distance that the occurance or non-occurance of an accident in any one interval is independent of the occurance or
interval non-occurance of an accident in any other interval. It is learnt that major accidents 1 month after resurfacing
problem occur at the average rate of 2 per km. What is the probability of no major accident in a particular 3 km
section of the highway?

0.002

Example: Investment activities for subscribers to "Business Standard" show that the average number of
security transactions per year is approximatley 15. Assume that a particular investor makes
transactions at this rate. Furthermore, assume that the probability of a transaction for this
investor is the same for any two months and transactions in one month are independent of transactions
in any other month. Answer the following questions:
a. What is the mean number of transactions per month?
b. What is the probability of no stock transactions during a month?
c. What is the probability of exactly one stock transaction during a month?
d. What is the probability of more than one stock transaction during a month?

a. 1.25
b. 0.286505
c. 0.358131
d. 0.355364 f(2)=1-f(1)
Find the following areas under the normal curve

a. area between z = 0 and z = 1.00

b. area between z = 0 and z = 1.25
c. area between z = -1 and z = + 1
d. area between z = -2 and z = + 2
e. area between z = -3 and z = + 3
f. z value of at least 1.58
g. P(z>= -0.50)
h. P(1 < z < 1.58)

Application problem
MRF has just developed a new steel-belted radial tyre that will be sold through a
national chain of discount stores. Because the tire is a new product, MRF's managers believe
that the mileage guarantee offered with the tire will be important factor in the acceptance of the
product. Before finalizing on the tyre mileage guarantee policy, MRF's managers want probability
information about the number of miles the tyres will last.

From actual road tests with the tyres, MRF's engineering group has estimated the mean tyre
mileage is m = 36,500 miles and that the standard deviation is s = 5000. In addition, the data
collected indicate a normal distribution.What percentage of the tyres can be expected to
last more than 40,000 miles?

24%

Let us now assume that MRF is considering a guarantee that will provide a discount on
replacement tyres if the original tyres do not exceed the mileage stated in the guarantee.
What should the guarantee mileage be if MRF wants no more than 10% of the tyres to be eligible
for the discount grarantee?

30092.24217

Application problem
A person must score in the upper 2% of the population on an IQ test to qualify for membership
in Mensa, the international high-IQ society. If IQ scores are normally distributed, with a mean
of 100 and a standard deviation of 15, what score must a person get to qualify for Mensa?

130.8062337

Application problem
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average weekly pay for an Indian farmer
was Rs.441.84, in 1998 (World Development Indicator, 2000, published by the World Bank).
Assume that available data indicate that wages are normally distributed with Std Dev of Rs.90.
a. What is the probability that a farmer earns between Rs.400 and Rs.500?
b. How much does a farmer have to make to be in the top 20% of wage earners?
c. For a randomly selected farmer, what is the probability that he earns less
than Rs.250 per week?

Example: S P Jain conducted a training program designed to upgrade the supervisory skills of
production-line supervisors at Tata Motors. Because the program was self administered,
supervisors require different number of hours to complete the program. A study of past
 participants indicates that the mean length of time spent on the program is 500 hours and
that this normally distributed random variable has a standard deviation of 100 hours.
What is the probability that a participant selected at random will require more than
547 hours to complete the program?

Example:
Pep Zone sells auto parts and supplies including a popular multi-grade motor oil. When the
stock of this oil drops to 20 gallons, a replenishment order is placed. The store manager is
concerned that sales are being lost due to stockouts while waiting for an order. It has been
determined that leadtime demand is normally distributed with a mean of 15 gallons and a
standard deviation of 6 gallons.
The manager would like to know the probability of a stockout, P(x < 20).
 OR
0.341345 0.341345
0.39435
0.682689
0.9545
0.9973
0.057053
0.691462
0.101602

0.419927
517.5859
0.016522
0.319178

0.797672 20>15 805 prob of stockout - absurd

There are 4 different types of formulae that we can use under Normal Distn

(i) Finding area under the curve, when X, miu and sigma is known. NORMDIST(x,miu,sigma
(ii) Finding area under the curve, when only z is known. NORMSDIST(z)
(iii) Finding X value, when area under curve, miu and sigma are known NORMINV(p,miu,sigma)
(iv) Finding z value, when area under curve is known. NORMSINV(p)
NORMDIST(x,miu,sigma,1)
NORMSDIST(z)
NORMINV(p,miu,sigma)
NORMSINV(p)
Annual returns from 30 mutual funds. Find and interpret the z values of these returns.

Summary statistics from returns below

Mean return 0.09 Mean of z values 0.00

Stdev of returns 0.05 SD of z Values 1.00

Fund Annual return Z value Z value

1 0.007 -1.8047 -1.8047
2 0.080 -0.2363 -0.2363
3 0.082 -0.1934 -0.1934
4 0.123 0.6875 0.6875
5 0.022 -1.4824 -1.4824
6 0.054 -0.7949 -0.7949
7 0.109 0.3867 0.3867
8 0.097 0.1289 0.1289
9 0.047 -0.9453 -0.9453
10 0.021 -1.5039 -1.5039
11 0.111 0.4297 0.4297
12 0.180 1.9121 1.9121
13 0.157 1.4180 1.4180
14 0.134 0.9238 0.9238
15 0.140 1.0528 1.0528
16 0.107 0.3438 0.3438
17 0.193 2.1914 2.1914
18 0.156 1.3965 1.3965
19 0.095 0.0859 0.0859
20 0.039 -1.1172 -1.1172
21 0.034 -1.2246 -1.2246
22 0.064 -0.5801 -0.5801
23 0.071 -0.4297 -0.4297
24 0.079 -0.2578 -0.2578
25 0.088 -0.0645 -0.0645
26 0.077 -0.3008 -0.3008
27 0.125 0.7305 0.7305
28 0.094 0.0645 0.0645
29 0.078 -0.2793 -0.2793
30 0.066 -0.5371 -0.5371
Respondents Work exp Min 1
1 168 Max 197
2 122
3 45 Limits Frequency
4 177 20 11
5 197 40 17
6 103 60 9
7 163 80 6 Frequency
8 178 100 8 18
9 25 120 12 16
10 171 140 11
14
11 194 160 5
12
12 108 180 16
13 56 200 5 10
14 58 8
15 175 6
16 4 4
17 12 2
18 32 0
19 95 0 2 4 6 8
20 81
21 152
22 105
23 162
24 43
25 167
26 102
27 168
28 107
29 87
30 21
31 36
32 8
33 130
34 125
35 171
36 169
37 1
38 58
39 65
40 12
41 40
42 156
43 27
44 26
45 57
46 19
47 177
48 121
49 118
50 117
51 33
52 126
 53 111
54 1
55 74
56 184
57 47
58 75
59 140
60 32
61 87
62 82
63 20
64 40
65 156
66 106
67 32
68 124
69 133
70 29
71 72
72 119
73 125
74 120
75 63
76 88
77 164
78 40
79 59
80 6
81 146
82 188
83 20
84 92
85 88
86 174
87 176
88 22
89 123
90 124
91 37
92 34
93 141
94 110
95 3
96 60
97 180
98 64
99 36
100 182
 Frequency

Frequenc
y

4 6 8 10 12
RespondenWork exp
1 168 Steps to achieve normalty
2 122 1. Randomly select sets of 24 respondents 50 times
3 45 2. Find corresponding work exp
4 177 3. Take averages and draw histogram
5 197
6 103 n=50 (which is >30)
7 163 Number of elements in a sample = 25 (not imp. - 20% of the data)
8 178
9 25 p value more, more tending towards normalty
10 171
11 194
12 108
13 56
14 58
15 175
16 4
17 12
18 32
19 95
20 81
21 152
22 105
23 162
24 43
25 167
26 102
27 168
28 107
29 87
30 21
31 36
32 8
33 130
34 125
35 171
36 169
37 1
38 58
39 65
40 12
41 40
42 156
43 27
44 26
45 57
46 19
47 177
48 121
49 118
50 117
51 33
52 126
 53 111
54 1
55 74
56 184
57 47
58 75
59 140
60 32
61 87
62 82
63 20
64 40
65 156
66 106
67 32
68 124
69 133
70 29
71 72
72 119
73 125
74 120
75 63
76 88
77 164
78 40
79 59
80 6
81 146
82 188
83 20
84 92
85 88
86 174
87 176
88 22
89 123
90 124
91 37
92 34
93 141
94 110
95 3
96 60
97 180
98 64
99 36
100 182
r1 r2 r3 r4 r5 r6 r7 r8 r9 r10
18 10 12 65 55 100 53 24 68 19
84 40 53 59 29 82 58 26 38 1
71 96 92 5 98 53 31 14 81 21
98 61 63 8 99 73 55 14 98 5
87 94 70 7 1 92 40 35 94 74
39 41 39 82 36 20 68 46 24 60
24 19 12 33 53 82 84 68 2 80
48 53 22 64 14 26 75 26 35 98
89 57 61 6 76 85 100 31 44 37
71 65 80 16 47 38 2 97 27 72
34 40 93 43 37 4 26 68 57 22
18 77 56 45 70 23 41 7 69 19
46 38 52 67 52 70 47 29 67 3
70 100 68 79 89 35 31 6 3 6
7 63 18 99 12 34 18 35 97 4
99 78 87 62 38 58 74 41 83 56
14 46 53 63 73 35 13 49 80 88
57 97 11 76 30 81 88 86 47 64
100 6 42 26 25 40 69 48 60 10
12 85 44 2 76 48 100 33 82 80
58 15 35 51 90 83 7 74 78 50
49 68 36 20 32 62 13 88 51 84
63 39 43 59 63 25 79 47 11 80
97 69 52 57 25 30 8 8 33 37
2 43 97 31 73 2 96 65 60 4
r11 r12 r13 r14 r15 r16 r17 r18 r19 r20
85 48 60 80 64 86 84 56 44 97
72 18 41 90 59 52 45 82 98 2
44 54 79 49 12 4 54 83 18 96
19 35 31 45 97 93 61 89 97 21
54 90 96 98 95 15 100 4 51 25
99 37 36 71 12 24 20 34 94 54
46 16 15 29 47 62 33 92 82 91
61 3 46 74 8 61 27 10 15 35
49 37 95 66 69 93 91 90 31 65
100 54 9 23 31 50 17 62 96 85
64 43 10 81 13 39 56 16 22 10
86 18 77 29 48 56 10 33 63 17
9 54 65 17 58 95 39 15 40 17
43 99 74 54 83 73 90 60 84 46
88 38 77 59 17 78 98 96 27 77
5 100 21 91 9 88 49 8 25 26
89 89 62 8 96 5 79 4 27 67
22 79 68 96 31 6 44 61 42 24
35 63 38 61 20 50 21 89 76 69
1 35 39 13 42 97 35 59 16 88
49 34 100 62 65 19 6 30 39 86
28 86 7 80 29 48 82 67 44 75
62 16 59 35 59 26 82 12 41 60
97 51 12 53 41 77 44 23 27 100
8 21 7 25 33 81 13 62 34 66
r21 r22 r23 r24 r25 r26 r27 r28 r29 r30
40 94 11 49 4 34 25 54 83 35
77 75 21 34 48 5 33 40 27 39
70 42 93 43 78 81 66 45 98 51
71 17 13 94 99 76 54 98 14 24
11 68 42 69 3 36 18 66 33 86
60 38 59 11 54 69 91 6 23 64
20 95 17 15 74 68 66 48 18 82
26 90 15 34 89 90 68 34 57 43
56 69 64 22 54 61 17 79 36 82
65 69 69 51 13 66 30 23 86 98
37 87 66 73 18 28 45 33 92 89
34 46 19 74 49 48 75 1 23 44
45 64 36 73 18 5 32 57 96 86
47 21 95 53 27 62 41 85 81 45
87 46 53 31 72 44 1 45 10 46
93 99 24 35 70 49 67 4 94 85
19 71 16 51 67 1 12 42 23 49
68 99 1 36 13 76 40 3 13 5
20 87 19 73 10 94 71 12 53 13
61 70 83 38 60 51 1 26 60 18
61 85 6 29 90 14 54 17 85 97
59 20 50 72 92 9 21 36 35 48
82 90 93 32 98 25 16 56 58 5
89 94 60 24 36 70 1 44 80 33
42 15 27 56 52 19 37 2 34 34
r31 r32 r33 r34 r35 r36 r37 r38 r39 r40
33 68 20 67 3 54 51 2 59 14
93 23 35 38 29 19 22 100 68 88
56 51 69 65 74 90 77 63 26 13
47 21 20 16 14 37 87 11 24 36
73 63 83 38 28 6 51 71 62 29
12 14 61 95 61 42 23 91 65 13
41 26 22 69 73 59 31 1 89 96
97 97 81 32 66 6 39 64 97 52
68 60 18 80 7 69 27 6 72 82
49 28 90 32 77 74 7 99 6 62
88 92 61 77 72 93 62 53 35 99
46 31 69 52 86 64 46 55 99 16
59 24 7 55 73 18 100 60 21 90
46 25 77 32 87 98 100 39 65 32
10 41 42 24 28 73 55 44 70 35
89 87 69 10 60 42 2 8 100 67
18 93 32 15 16 99 92 69 76 83
10 6 62 36 31 9 44 33 87 28
5 71 3 78 97 22 35 61 84 84
49 68 73 5 30 79 26 94 1 27
35 34 75 93 100 73 40 63 32 75
93 64 29 38 49 36 5 79 36 18
94 71 9 32 38 18 40 11 74 19
77 35 29 68 18 1 22 41 76 47
13 21 92 40 57 8 25 28 55 40
r41 r42 r43 r44 r45 r46 r47 r48 r49 r50
25 76 100 96 19 95 87 43 43 37
5 7 64 22 58 62 71 69 26 96
56 61 41 15 33 82 31 51 3 27
35 43 87 60 9 20 88 71 64 33
40 100 25 13 81 77 20 73 73 13
79 98 62 71 86 56 50 43 46 77
27 14 62 90 65 20 41 33 22 94
55 50 57 72 39 37 39 47 81 6
83 81 16 60 91 11 23 24 61 40
66 73 89 2 54 9 80 72 27 85
11 47 96 92 77 35 79 20 44 70
60 3 35 5 65 63 33 41 68 100
17 28 96 41 47 80 80 32 12 80
43 58 16 16 49 100 19 4 87 18
39 16 82 6 37 84 78 4 53 77
29 60 51 91 1 43 21 58 36 92
31 75 90 12 55 99 10 25 16 66
50 79 22 83 100 51 82 96 75 16
34 28 36 30 15 82 55 71 68 83
51 28 86 90 68 31 65 90 58 81
49 79 8 44 76 21 5 88 56 2
31 72 12 37 86 53 11 17 10 48
28 14 19 60 13 17 12 55 77 89
63 90 1 23 68 44 88 18 43 100
94 25 38 71 36 20 71 45 64 68
 we1 we2 we3 we4 we5 we6 we7 we8 we9
32 171 108 156 74 182 111 43 124
92 12 111 140 87 188 75 102 58
72 60 34 197 64 111 36 58 146
64 87 20 178 36 125 74 58 64
176 110 29 163 168 34 12 171 110
65 40 65 188 169 81 124 19 43
43 95 108 130 111 188 92 124 122
121 111 105 40 58 102 63 102 171
123 47 87 103 88 88 182 36 26
72 156 6 4 177 58 122 180 168
125 12 141 27 1 177 102 124 47
32 164 184 57 29 162 40 163 133
19 58 126 32 126 29 177 87 32
29 182 124 59 123 171 36 103 45
163 20 32 36 108 125 32 171 180
36 40 176 82 58 75 120 40 20
58 19 111 20 125 171 56 118 6
47 180 194 88 21 146 22 174 177
182 103 156 102 167 12 133 121 32
108 88 26 122 88 121 182 130 188
75 175 171 33 124 20 163 120 40
118 124 169 81 8 82 56 22 33
20 65 27 140 20 167 59 177 194
180 133 126 47 167 21 178 178 130
122 27 180 36 125 122 60 156 32
Average 86.96 91.16 104.64 90.44 92.88 110.32 92.28 111.08 92.84
we10 we11 we12 we13 we14 we15 we16 we17 we18 we19
95 88 121 32 6 40 174 92 184 26
168 119 32 40 124 140 126 57 188 64
152 26 1 59 118 108 177 1 20 32
197 95 171 36 57 180 141 87 123 180
120 1 124 60 64 3 175 182 177 33
32 36 1 169 72 108 43 81 125 110
6 19 4 175 87 177 82 130 34 188
64 87 45 19 120 178 87 168 171 175
1 118 1 3 106 133 141 37 124 36
119 182 1 25 162 36 117 12 82 60
105 40 27 171 146 56 65 184 4 105
95 174 32 164 87 121 184 171 130 20
45 25 1 156 12 75 3 65 175 12
103 27 36 120 1 20 125 124 32 92
177 22 58 164 140 12 40 64 60 168
184 197 182 152 37 25 22 118 178 167
22 123 123 82 178 60 197 59 177 168
40 105 59 124 60 36 103 26 87 156
171 171 20 58 87 81 117 152 123 88
6 168 171 65 56 156 180 171 140 4
117 118 125 182 82 156 95 103 21 65
92 107 174 163 6 87 121 188 32 26
6 82 4 140 171 140 102 188 108 40
1 180 33 108 111 40 164 26 162 168
177 178 152 163 167 130 146 56 82 125
91.8 99.52 67.92 105.2 90.28 91.92 117.08 101.68 109.56 92.32
we20 we21 we22 we23 we24 we25 we26 we27 we28 we29
180 12 110 194 118 177 125 167 1 20
122 164 63 152 125 121 197 130 12 168
60 29 156 141 27 40 146 106 57 64
152 72 12 56 110 36 88 1 64 58
167 194 124 156 133 45 169 32 106 130
1 32 58 140 194 1 133 37 103 162
37 81 3 12 175 120 124 106 121 32
171 102 124 175 125 123 124 124 125 47
156 184 133 40 105 1 87 12 59 169
88 156 133 133 33 56 106 21 162 174
171 1 176 106 125 32 107 57 130 34
12 125 19 95 120 118 121 63 168 162
12 57 40 169 125 32 197 8 47 60
19 177 152 3 111 168 82 40 88 146
164 176 19 111 36 119 26 168 57 171
102 141 36 43 171 29 118 32 177 110
32 95 72 4 33 32 168 108 156 162
43 124 36 168 169 56 88 12 45 56
133 81 176 95 125 171 110 72 108 111
22 87 29 20 58 32 33 168 102 32
174 87 88 103 87 124 58 1 12 88
63 140 81 117 119 34 25 152 169 171
32 188 124 141 8 64 167 4 184 75
182 123 110 32 43 169 29 168 26 6
106 156 175 168 184 126 95 1 122 125
96.04 111.36 89.96 102.96 106.36 81.04 108.92 71.6 96.04 101.32
we30 we31 we32 we33 we34 we35 we36 we37 we38 we39
171 130 124 81 32 45 1 33 122 140
65 141 162 171 58 87 95 105 182 124
33 184 33 133 156 120 124 164 20 102
43 177 152 81 4 58 1 176 194 43
174 125 20 20 58 107 103 33 72 82
40 108 58 87 3 87 156 162 37 156
188 40 102 105 133 125 140 36 168 123
27 180 180 146 8 106 103 65 40 180
188 124 32 32 6 163 133 168 103 119
64 118 107 124 8 164 120 163 36 103
123 22 34 87 164 119 141 82 111 171
26 19 36 133 126 174 40 19 74 36
174 140 43 163 74 125 32 182 32 152
57 19 167 164 8 176 64 182 65 156
19 171 40 156 43 107 125 74 26 29
88 123 176 133 171 32 156 122 178 182
118 32 141 8 175 4 36 34 133 88
197 171 103 82 169 36 25 26 130 176
56 197 72 45 40 180 105 171 87 92
32 118 124 125 197 21 59 102 110 168
180 171 125 63 141 182 125 12 20 8
121 141 40 87 58 118 169 197 59 169
197 110 72 25 8 58 32 12 194 120
130 164 171 87 124 32 168 105 40 88
125 56 152 34 12 47 178 167 107 74
105.44 119.24 98.64 94.88 79.04 98.92 97.24 103.68 93.6 115.24
we40 we41 we42 we43 we44 we45 we46 we47 we48 we49
58 167 88 182 60 95 3 176 27 27
22 197 163 40 105 75 82 72 133 102
56 184 87 40 175 130 188 36 33 45
169 171 27 176 32 25 81 22 72 40
87 12 182 167 56 146 164 81 125 125
56 59 64 82 72 174 184 117 27 19
60 168 58 82 124 156 81 40 130 105
126 74 117 47 119 65 1 65 177 146
188 20 146 4 32 37 194 162 43 87
82 106 125 123 122 1 25 6 119 168
36 194 177 60 34 164 171 59 81 26
4 32 45 171 197 156 20 130 40 124
124 12 107 60 40 177 6 6 8 108
8 27 75 4 4 118 182 95 177 176
171 65 4 188 103 1 92 40 177 111
32 87 32 33 37 168 27 152 75 169
20 36 63 124 108 74 36 171 167 4
107 117 59 105 20 182 33 188 60 63
92 125 107 169 21 175 188 74 72 124
168 33 107 174 124 124 36 156 124 75
63 118 59 178 26 88 152 197 22 184
32 36 119 108 1 174 111 194 12 171
95 107 58 95 32 56 12 108 74 164
177 20 124 168 162 124 26 22 32 27
12 110 167 58 72 169 81 72 57 40
81.8 91.08 94.4 105.52 75.12 114.16 87.04 97.64 82.56 97.2
we50 we-bar
1 86.96 67.92
60 91.16 119.24
168 104.64
130 90.44
56 92.88
164 110.32 Limits Freq
110 92.28 70 0
103 111.08 80 3
12 92.84 90 6
88 91.8 100 22
29 99.52 110 11
182 67.92 120 7
6 105.2 70 1
32 90.28
164 91.92
34 117.08 25
106 101.68
4 109.56 20
20 92.32 15
146 96.04 C
122 111.36 10 n
121 89.96 5
123 102.96
182 106.36 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
124 81.04
91.48 108.92
71.6
96.04
101.32
105.44
119.24
98.64
94.88
79.04
98.92
97.24
103.68
93.6
115.24
81.8
91.08
94.4
105.52
75.12
114.16
87.04
97.64
82.56
97.2
91.48
 Colum
n DM

5 6 7 8
Frequency table and normal test for we-bar

Upper limit Category Frequency Normal Distance measure Test of normal fit
70 <=70 1 0.517 0.452 Chi-square statistic 6.188
80 70- 80 3 3.204 0.013 p-value 0.186
90 80- 90 6 10.439 1.888
100 90- 100 22 16.678 1.699
110 100- 110 11 13.085 0.332
120 110- 120 7 5.038 0.764
>120 0 1.040 1.040
 Histogram for we-bar
25

20

Frequency
Normal

15

10

0
<=70 70- 80 80- 90 90- 100 100- 110 110- 120 >120
Category