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The Ingredients of Machine Learning

The document discusses the key ingredients of machine learning: tasks, models, and features. It provides examples of common machine learning tasks like classification, regression, and clustering. Models are the outputs of machine learning and can take geometric, probabilistic, or logical forms. Features are the input variables that machine learning algorithms use to build models and achieve tasks. Features must be constructed properly. Overall, machine learning aims to use features to build models that solve tasks, and while models provide diversity, tasks and features give the field unity.

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343 views1 page

The Ingredients of Machine Learning

The document discusses the key ingredients of machine learning: tasks, models, and features. It provides examples of common machine learning tasks like classification, regression, and clustering. Models are the outputs of machine learning and can take geometric, probabilistic, or logical forms. Features are the input variables that machine learning algorithms use to build models and achieve tasks. Features must be constructed properly. Overall, machine learning aims to use features to build models that solve tasks, and while models provide diversity, tasks and features give the field unity.

Uploaded by

JAJULAHARIBABU
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The ingredients of machine learning

Tasks: the problems that can be solved with machine learning


Looking for structure
Models: the output of machine learning
Geometric models
Probabilistic models
Logical models
Grouping and grading
Features: the workhorses of machine learning
Two uses of features
Feature construction and transformation

Machine learning is the systematic study of algorithms and systems that improve their
knowledge or performance with experience
Machine learning is concerned with using the right features to build the right models that
achieve the right tasks.

The ingredients of machine learning

1. Tasks:
2. Models
3. Features:
Note: Models lend the machine learning field diversity, but tasks and features give it unity
Tasks: The problems that can be solved with machine learning
Tasks for machine learning
The most common machine learning tasks are predictive, in the sense that they concern
predicting a target variable from features. .
 Binary and multi-class classification: categorical target
 Regression: numerical target
 Clustering: hidden target
Descriptive tasks are concerned with exploiting underlying structure in the data

Measuring similarity
If our e-mails are described by word-occurrence features as in the text classification example,
the similarity of e-mails would be measured in terms of the words they have in common.
For instance, we could take the number of common words in two e-mails and divide it by the
number of words occurring in either e-mail (this measure is called the Jaccard coefficient).

Suppose that one e-mail contains 42 (different) words and another contains 112words, and
the two e-mails have 23 words in common, then their similarity would

We can then cluster our e-mails into groups, such that the average similarity of an e-mail to
the other e-mails in its group is much larger than the average similarity to e-mails from other
groups.

Consider the following matrix:

Imagine these represent ratings by six different people (in rows), on a scale of 0 to 3, of four
different films – say The Shawshank Redemption, The Usual Suspects, The Godfather, The Big
Lebowski, (in columns, from left to right). The Godfather seems to be the most popular of the
four with an average rating of 1.5,
and The Shawshank Redemption is the least appreciated with an average rating of 0.5.

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