1MRS755222-MUM Diff6T

Stabilized three-phase
Issued: 1/2005
Version: C/10.8.2005
differential protection for
transformers
Data subject to change without notice

Contents
1. Introduction ................................................................................................ 3
1.1 Features................................................................................................ 3
1.2 Application ............................................................................................ 4
1.3 Input description ................................................................................... 5
1.4 Output description................................................................................. 5

2. Description of operation............................................................................ 6
2.1 Configuration ........................................................................................ 6
2.2 Setting the rated frequency of the protected unit .................................. 7
2.3 General ................................................................................................. 7
2.3.1 Description of the setting group settings ..................................... 7
2.3.2 Description of the Control settings............................................... 9
2.4 Operation criteria ................................................................................ 13
2.4.1 Stabilized differential current stage (3∆I>)................................. 13
2.4.2 The positive direction of the currents......................................... 14
2.4.3 The differential current............................................................... 14
2.4.4 The stabilizing current ............................................................... 15
2.4.5 The operating characteristic ...................................................... 15
2.4.6 Instantaneous differential current stage (3∆I>>)........................ 16
2.4.7 Error checking in the initialization phase ................................... 17
2.4.8 Compensation of the tap changer position ................................ 17
2.5 Blocking principles .............................................................................. 17
2.5.1 Blocking based on the second harmonic................................... 17
2.5.2 The 2. harmonic deblocking in the case of switch on to a fault . 19
2.5.3 The waveform based blocking................................................... 19
2.5.4 Blocking based on the fifth harmonic......................................... 19
2.5.5 Reset of the blocking signals (deblock) ..................................... 20
2.6 Connection principles ......................................................................... 20
2.6.1 Recommendations for current transformers .............................. 20
2.6.2 Connection of current transformers ........................................... 24
2.6.3 Transformer vector group matching .......................................... 25
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2.6.4 Elimination of the zero sequence component of the phase

currents ..................................................................................................26
2.6.5 Matching of various power transformer vector groups ...............27
2.6.6 Commissioning instructions .......................................................31
2.7 Setting groups .....................................................................................32
2.8 Test mode............................................................................................32
2.9 Registers (Recorded Data)..................................................................32
2.9.1 Date and time.............................................................................33
2.9.2 Status data .................................................................................33
2.9.3 Currents and phase differences .................................................33
2.10 TRIP output .........................................................................................33
2.11 Delayed trip output CBFP....................................................................34
2.12 STATUS output ...................................................................................34
2.13 Resetting .............................................................................................36

3. Parameters and Events ............................................................................37

3.1 General................................................................................................37
3.2 Setting values ......................................................................................38
3.2.1 Actual Settings ...........................................................................38
3.2.2 Setting Group 1 ..........................................................................39
3.2.3 Setting Group 2 ..........................................................................40
3.2.4 Control Settings..........................................................................41
3.3 Measurement values ...........................................................................42
3.3.1 Input Data...................................................................................42
3.3.2 Output Data................................................................................43
3.3.3 Recorded data............................................................................44
3.3.4 Events ........................................................................................47

4. Technical Data...........................................................................................48

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1. Introduction

1.1 Features

• Three-phase stabilized differential protection for two-winding power

transformers.
• Provides two stages for winding short-circuit and interturn protection:
stabilized stage and instantaneous stage.
• Easily adjustable operating characteristic of stabilized stage for different
applications.
• The differential and stabilizing currents are calculated for every phase on
the basis of the fundamental frequency component of the currents.
• Short operate times at faults occurring in the zone to be protected (internal
faults), even with partially saturated current transformers.
• High stability at external faults, also with partially saturated current
transformers.
• Blocking based on the ratio of the second harmonic and the fundamental
frequency component of the differential current prevents unwanted
operations at transformer inrush currents.
• Additional logic to override the second harmonic blocking in a case of
switch on to fault.
• Blocking based on the ratio of the fifth harmonic and the fundamental
component of the differential current prevents operation in harmless
situations of transformer overexcitation - blocking can be eliminated if the
ratio of the fifth harmonic and the fundamental component increases at
dangerously high overvoltages.
• Separately adjustable instantaneous stage based on instantaneous values
of differential currents - instantaneous stage cannot be blocked by the
second or fifth harmonic restraint.
• No interposing transformers are needed for the protection of two-winding
transformers - numerical vector group matching on HV and LV side.
• Possibility to automatically adapt to the position changes of the tap
changer.

• Numerically implemented zero-sequence current elimination in order to

eliminate wrong tripping decisions at earth faults occurring outside the
protected area.
• Sensitive phase current and phase angle displays facilitate the
commissioning and checking of the measurement circuit connection and
vector group matching.
• Integrated circuit breaker failure protection.

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1.2 Application

This document specifies the functions of the three-phase differential protection

for two-winding power transformers and generator-transformer blocks. This
function block is used in transformer relays and transformer terminals based
on the RED 500 Platform.

3∆I>
3∆I>>
Figure 1. Protection diagram symbols of Diff6T
For IEC symbols used in single line diagrams, refer to the manual “Technical
Descriptions of Functions, Introduction”, 1MRS750528-MUM

Diff6T_1
Diff6T
IL1 TRIP
IL2 CBFP
IL3 STATUS
IL1b
IL2b
IL3b
BS_STAB
BS_INST
TRIGG
GROUP
Diff6T_FBsymb_a

TAP_POS
RESET

Figure 2. Function block symbol of Diff6T

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1.3 Input description

Name Type Description

IL1 Analogue channel signal Input for measuring HV side current IL1
(SINT)
IL2 Analogue channel signal Input for measuring HV side current IL2
(SINT)
IL3 Analogue channel signal Input for measuring HV side current IL3
(SINT)
IL1b Analogue channel signal Input for measuring LV side current IL1b
(SINT)
IL2b Analogue channel signal Input for measuring LV side current IL2b
(SINT)
IL3b Analogue channel signal Input for measuring LV side current IL3b
(SINT)
BS_STAB Digital signal (BOOL, active Blocking signal for stabilized stage
high)
BS_INST Digital signal (BOOL, active Blocking signal for instantaneous stage
high)
TRIGG Digital signal (BOOL, pos. Control signal for triggering the registers
edge)
GROUP Digital signal (BOOL, active Control input for switching between
high) setting group 1 and setting group 2
TAP_POS Integer signal (SINT) Present tap position reading
RESET Reset signal (BOOL, pos. Input signal for resetting the trip signal
edge) and registers of Diff6T

1.4 Output description

Name Type Description

TRIP Digital signal (BOOL, active Trip signal
high)
CBFP Digital signal (BOOL, active Delayed trip signal for circuit-breaker
high) failure protection (CBFP)
STATUS Integer signal (WORD) Coded status output including: trip
status, 2. and 5. harmonic blocking
status and waveform based blocking
status for each phase

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2. Description of operation

2.1 Configuration

Phase currents can be measured via conventional current transformers. The

measuring devices and signal types for the analogue channels are selected
and parameterized in a special dialogue box of the graphic IEC configuration
tool. Binary inputs are parameterized in the same programming environment
(the number of selectable analogue inputs, binary inputs and outputs depends
on the hardware used).

When the analogue channels and binary inputs have been selected and
parameterized in the dialogue box, the inputs and outputs of the function block
can be configured on a graphic worksheet of the IEC configuration tool. The
phase currents IL1, IL2, IL3, IL1b, IL2b and IL3b are connected to the
corresponding IL1, IL2, IL3, IL1b, IL2b and IL3b inputs of the function block.

Note! It is not possible to connect the current channels to the current inputs in
any other way. E.g. connecting channel IL1 to input IL1b is not possible.

Note! When the function block Diff6T is used, the 2nd harmonic restraint must
be selected for the channels connected to the IL_ and IL_b inputs of the
function block from the special measurements dialogue box of the
configuration tool.

Binary inputs are connected to the Boolean inputs of the function block, and
the outputs of the function block are connected to the output signals in the
same way.

HV side
YNyn0 LV side
L1

L2

L3
Diff6T_HVLV_phasecurr_a

IL1 IL2 IL3 N N IL3b IL2b IL1b

Figure 3. HV side and LV side phase currents

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If the automatic tap changer position compensation is to be used, the tap

position information is connected to the TAP_POS input of the function block.
For details see “Compensation of the tap changer position”.

2.2 Setting the rated frequency of the protected unit

The rated frequency of the relay or the feeder terminal is set via a dialogue
box in the configuration tool. The global control parameter Rated frequency of
the relay can also be used for reading the rated frequency.

2.3 General

2.3.1 Description of the setting group settings

Basic setting

The Basic setting defines the minimum differential current required for tripping
in any circumstances. The Basic setting basically allows for the no-load
current of the power transformer and small inaccuracies of the current
transformers, but it can also be used to influence the overall level of the
operation characteristic. At rated voltage the no-load losses of the power
transformer are about 0.2 percent. Should the supply voltage of the power
transformer suddenly increase due to operational disturbances, the
magnetizing current of the transformer increases as well. In general the
magnetic flux density of the transformer is rather high at rated voltage, and a
rise in voltage by a few percents will cause the magnetizing current to
increase by tens of percents. This should be considered in the Basic setting.
(Also see “The operating characteristic”.)

Starting ratio

Variations in the Starting ratio affect the slope of the characteristic, that is, how
big change in the differential current, in comparison with the change in the
load current, is required for tripping. The Starting ratio should consider CT
errors and variations in the transformer tap changer position (if not
compensated). Too high a starting ratio should be avoided, because the
sensitivity of the protection for detecting interturn faults depends basically on
the Starting ratio. Although the coverage area of the Starting ratio is mainly
between Turn-point 1 (fixed) and Turn-point 2, it also affects the overall level
(offset) of the last slope of the operating characteristic (see “The operating
characteristic”).

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Turn-point 2

The parameter Turn-point 2 specifies the second turning point (knee point) in
the operating characteristic between the coverage areas of the Starting ratio
and the last slope with the fixed ratio (see “The operating characteristic”).

Ratio I2f/I1f>

The parameter Ratio I2f/I1f> sets the required percentage level (in comparison
to the fundamental component of the differential current) of the second
harmonic component of the differential current to activate the second
harmonic blocking in the case of a transformer inrush or CT saturation during
an external fault.

Ratio I5f/I1f>

The parameter Ratio I5f/I1f> sets the required percentage level (in comparison
to the fundamental component of the differential current) of the fifth harmonic
component of the differential current to activate the fifth harmonic blocking in
the case of transformer overexcitation.

Ratio I5f/I1f>>

The parameter Ratio I5f/I1f>> sets the required percentage level (in
comparison to the fundamental component of the differential current) of the
fifth harmonic component of the differential current to deactivate (remove) the
fifth harmonic blocking in the case of a severe transformer overexcitation,
which could damage the transformer.

2. harm. block

The parameter 2. harm. block specifies whether the second harmonic blocking
is in use or not. Furthermore, it can be specified whether it is allowed for the
internal deblocking logic to remove the second harmonic blocking when the
appropriate conditions are met (see “The 2. harmonic deblocking in the case
of switch on to a fault”). The possible values are therefore “Not in use” (0), “In
use” (1) and “With deblock” (2).

5. harm. block

The 5. harm. block specifies whether the fifth harmonic blocking is in use or
not. Furthermore, it can be selected whether it is allowed to remove the
blocking if the ratio of the fifth harmonic to fundamental further rises above the
limit Ratio I5f/I1f>> (see “Blocking based on the fifth harmonic”). The possible
values are therefore “Not in use” (0), “In use” (1) and “With deblock” (2).

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2.3.2 Description of the Control settings

Operation mode

The parameter Operation mode can have the values “In use” and “Not in use”.
When the parameter is set to “In use”, the protection operates normally. When
the parameter is set to “Not in use”, no measured or other output values are
shown and no events are sent, although the algorithms of the protection
function are still executed normally. In addition to setting all outputs to zero
only, a few internal variables are reset. The protection algorithm is therefore
aware of the present situation when it is enabled again by setting the
parameter Operation mode to “In use”. This means that almost no time is
needed to adapt to the current situation and the function is fully functional (and
stable).

Group selection

The Group selection is used either to directly select the active setting group
(values “Group 1” and “Group 2”) or indirectly (value “GROUP input”). In the
case of an indirect setting (value “GROUP input”), the actual active group is
selected by the input “GROUP” of the protection function.

Active group

The Active group is actually not a setting. It just monitors the number of the
actual active group, which in case of parameter Group selection having value
“GROUP input”, would not otherwise be visible.

Trip signal

The Trip signal selects whether the output signal TRIP is latched or not when
it becomes activate (possible values “Non-latching” and “Latching”). This does
not have any effect on the phase segregated trip indications included in the
output STATUS.

Trip pulse

The Trip pulse sets the minimum length to the output signal TRIP in the case it
is not latched. This means that when output TRIP becomes active and resets
quickly after that (due to that operation criteria are not met anymore) the
resetting of the output TRIP is delayed until the time set in the Trip pulse has
elapsed.

This setting sets also the length of the output signal CBFP.

CBFP time

The CBFP time sets the delay time, after the TRIP output has become active,
to activate the CBFP output, which is used to trip an alternative circuit breaker
when the tripping of the first priority circuit breaker has failed.

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CT connection

A correct value for the CT connection is determined by the connection

polarities of the measuring devices (see “Connection of current transformers”).

The following assumes that the currents are connected to the relay as
specified in Figure 8 and Figure 9 in section “Connection of current
transformers”.

When the currents are measured so that the CT secondary currents are both
flowing from the phase terminal to the ground terminal, the value is to be set to
“Type II”. Furthermore, if the currents are measured so that the CT secondary
currents are both flowing from the ground terminal to the phase terminal, the
value is also “Type II”.

Only if the CT secondary current on one side of the transformer (HV or LV) is
flowing from the ground terminal to the phase terminal, and the current on the
other side is flowing from the phase terminal to the ground terminal the value
shall be set to “Type I”.

HV connection

This parameter specifies the connection of the HV side winding. The correct
value is directly available from the data of the protected transformer. Values
possible are “Y” (0);“YN” (1);“D” (2); “Z” (3); “ZN” (4).

If the protected object is not a transformer (i.e. it does not need vector group
matching) the value for HV connection shall be set to “Y”.

LV connection

This parameter specifies the connection of the LV side winding. The correct
value is directly available from the data of the protected transformer. Values
possible are “y” (0);“yn” (1);“d” (2); “z” (3); “zn” (4).

If the protected object is not a transformer (i.e. it does not need vector group
matching), the value for LV connection shall be set to “y”.

Clock number

A correct value for the Clock number is directly available from the data of the
protected transformer. For example, if the transformer vector group is YNd11,
then the value for Clock number is “11” (also see Transformer vector group
matching”).

If the protected object is not a transformer (i.e. it does not need vector group
matching) the value for Clock number is always “0”.

Note! There is no mechanism to inhibit a false combination of the parameters

HV connection, LV connection and Clock number. However, all non-supported
combinations will result in default matching, (no matching at all) which is Yy0.

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Io elimination

With the Io elimination it can be determined whether the zero-sequence

current is eliminated from the HV side currents, the LV side currents, or on
both sides of the transformer. In most cases the zero-sequence current is
eliminated automatically on that side where the vector group matching is done.
Setting this parameter to “Not in use” does not change that (also see
“Elimination of the zero sequence component of the phase currents”). The
possible values are “Not in use” (0); “HV side” (1); “LV side” (2); “HV&LV side”
(3).

If the protected object is not a transformer, the value for Io elimination shall be
set to “Not in use”.

Min. turns tap

This parameter specifies the tap position number resulting in the minimum
effective number of winding turns on the side of the transformer where the tap
changer resides. With the aid of this parameter and the parameter Max. turns
tap, the tap position compensation algorithm knows in which direction the
compensation shall be made (see Figure 4).

This also ensures that if the current tap position information for some reason is
corrupted, the automatic tap changer position adaptation does not try to adapt
to any unrealistic position values.

Max. turns tap

This parameter specifies the tap position number resulting in the maximum
effective number of winding turns on the side of the transformer where the tap
changer resides. With the aid of this parameter and the parameter Min. turns
tap the tap position compensation algorithm knows in which direction the
compensation shall be made (see Figure 4).

This also ensures that if the current tap position information for some reason is
corrupted, the automatic tap changer position adaptation does not try to adapt
to any unrealistic position values.

Nominal tap

This parameter specifies the tap position number, resulting in nominal voltage
(and current).

When the current tap position deviates from this value, the input current
values (on the side where the tap changer resides) are scaled to match the
currents on the other side. The correct scaling is determined by the number of
steps and the direction of the deviation from the nominal tap as well as the
percentual change in voltage, which one tap step results in. The percentual
value is set in the Tap step % parameter.

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HV LV
Max. turns tap

Nominal tap

Min. turns tap

Figure 4. Simplified presentation of the HV and LV windings with demonstration of

the settings Max. turns tap, Min. turns tap and Nominal tap.
Tapped winding

This parameter specifies whether the tap changer is connected in the high
voltage side winding or in the low voltage side winding. This parameter is also
used to enable and disable the automatic adaptation to the tap changer
position. The possible values are “Not in use” (0); “HV winding” (1); “LV
winding” (2).

Tap step %

The Tap step % specifies how much the voltage changes (in percents) when
the tap position changes one step. Also see “Compensation of the tap changer
position”.

Reset registers

This parameter is only visible in the setting tool and not on the local HMI.
Reset registers is actually a command (not setting) which resets all the values
in the views “Recorded data X” (where X is 1, 2 or 3).

Test TRIP

The Test TRIP setting is used to activate the test mode for the TRIP output
signal. In practice, the test mode means that the TRIP output is activated
when Test TRIP is set to “TRUE”. When the value is “FALSE” the test mode
for the TRIP output is disabled (also see “Test mode”).

Test CBFP

The Test CBFP setting is used to activate the test mode for the CBFP output
signal. In practice, the test mode means that the CBFP output is activated
when Test CBFP is set to “TRUE”. When the value is “FALSE” the test mode
for the CBFP output is disabled (also see “Test mode”).

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Event mask 1, Event mask 2, Event mask 3, Event mask 4

These parameters set the event masks for different clients in order to disable
the unwanted events so that they will not be visible to the corresponding
clients (see “Events ”).

2.4 Operation criteria

2.4.1 Stabilized differential current stage (3∆I>)

Stabilization of the current differential protection is needed since an

appearance of a differential current can possibly be due to something else
than an actual fault in the transformer (or generator).

In the case of transformer protection, a false differential current can be caused

by:

• CT errors,

• varying tap changer positions (if not automatically compensated),

• transformer no-load current,

• transformer inrush currents,

• transformer overexcitation in overvoltage situations,

• transformer overexcitation in underfrequency situations, or

• CT saturation when high currents are passing through the transformer.

A differential current caused by CT errors and tap changer position grows at

the same percentual ratio as the load current increases.

In the protection of generators the false differential current can be caused by:

• CT errors and

• CT saturation when high currents are passing through the generator.

High currents passing through the object to be protected may be caused by

short circuits outside the protected area, large currents fed by the transformer
in motor start-up or transformer inrush situations. Due to these circumstances
the operation of the differential relay has been stabilized in respect of the load
current. In a stabilized differential relay the differential current required for
relay operation is higher, the higher the load current is. The stabilized
operation characteristic and the setting ranges are shown in Figure 5.

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The operation characteristic of the stabilized stage, 3∆I>, is determined by

Basic setting, Starting ratio and the setting of the second turning point of the
operating characteristic curve, Turn-point 2 (the first turning point and the
slope of the last part of the characteristic are fixed). The settings are the same
for each phase. When the differential current exceeds the operating value
determined by the operating characteristic, the differential function “wakes up”
(see “The operating characteristic”). If the differential current stays above the
operating value continuously for a period defined by the protection algorithms,
the trip is activated. Information on the tripped phase(s) is indicated via the
coded output STATUS.

The stage can be blocked internally by second or fifth harmonic restraint, or by

special algorithms detecting inrush and current transformer saturation at
external faults. The stage can be blocked externally using the blocking signal
BS_STAB.

The special algorithms are described later in the document (see “The
waveform based blocking”).

2.4.2 The positive direction of the currents

Designate the phasors I 1 and I 2 of the fundamental frequency currents from

the CT secondary on the HV and LV sides of the power transformer. The
positive direction of the currents is from the HV side to the LV side (see Figure
5).

HV LV
I1 I2
curr_pos_dir_a

Figure 5. Positive direction of the currents

2.4.3 The differential current

In accordance with Figure 5, the amplitude of the differential current Id is

obtained as follows:

I d = I1 − I 2 EQ. (1)

In a normal situation there is no fault in the area protected by the differential

function. The currents I 1 and I 2 are equal and the differential current Id = 0.
In practice, however, the differential current deviates from zero in normal
situations. In power transformer protection, a differential current is caused by
CT inaccuracies, variations in tap changer position (if not compensated),
transformer no-load current and instantaneous transformer inrush currents.
Increases in the load current cause the differential current caused by the CT
inaccuracies and the tap changer position to grow at the same percentual rate.

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2.4.4 The stabilizing current

In a stabilized differential relay the differential current required for tripping is

higher, the higher the load current is. That is in a normal operation or during
external faults. When an internal fault occurs the currents on both sides of the
protected object are flowing into the object, which causes the stabilizing
current to be considerably smaller. This makes the operation more sensitive
during internal faults.

In accordance with Figure 5, the stabilizing current Ib of the relay is obtained

as follows:

I1 + I 2
Ib = EQ. (2)
2

2.4.5 The operating characteristic

The operation of the relay is affected by the stabilization as shown graphically

by the operating characteristic illustrated in Figure 6.

d
In

Maximum settings I b3
3 Default settings
OPERATION
I d3
2 I b2

Id1 Minimum settings

1
In Turn-point 2 NO OPERATION
Turn-point 1
Id2 Ib
In
1 2 3 4 5
Figure 6. Operation characteristic for stabilized operation of the transformer
differential protection function Diff6T
The basic setting of the stabilized stage of the differential function is
determined according to Figure 6.

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Basic setting = Id1/In EQ. (3)

The starting ratio is determined correspondingly:

Starting ratio = Id2/Ib2 EQ. (4)

The second turning point Turn-point 2 can be set in the range 1.0...3.0.

The slope of operating characteristic curve of the differential function varies in

the different parts of the range:

• In part 1 (0.0 < Ib/In < Turn-point 1) the differential current required for
tripping is constant. The value of the differential current is the same as the
basic setting selected for the function. The basic setting basically allows
the no-load current of the power transformer and small inaccuracies of the
current transformers, but it can also be used to influence the overall level
of the operation characteristic. At rated current, the no-load losses of the
power transformer are about 0.2 percent. Should the supply voltage of the
power transformer suddenly increase due to operational disturbances, the
magnetizing current of the transformer will increase as well. In general, the
magnetic flux density of the transformer is rather high at rated voltage, and
the rise in voltage by a few percents will cause the magnetizing current to
increase by tens of percents. This should be considered in the basic
setting.
• Part 2, i.e. when Turn-point 1 < Ib/In < Turn-point 2, is called the influence
area of Starting ratio. In this part, variations in the starting ratio affect the
slope of the characteristic, that is, how big the change in the differential
current, in comparison with the change in the load current, is required for
tripping. The starting ratio should consider CT errors and variations in the
transformer tap changer position (if not compensated). A too high starting
ratio should be avoided, because the sensitivity of the protection for
detecting interturn faults basically depends on the starting ratio.

• At high stabilizing currents, when Ib/In > Turn-point 2, the slope of the
characteristic is constant (Part 3). The slope is 100%, which means that
the increase in the differential current is equal to the corresponding
increase in the stabilizing current.
The operation of the differential protection is based on the fundamental
frequency components. Operation is accurate and stable: the DC component
and harmonics of the current do not cause unwanted operations.

2.4.6 Instantaneous differential current stage (3∆I>>)

The operation of the instantaneous differential current stage is not stabilized.

The instantaneous stage operates when the amplitude of the fundamental
frequency component of the differential current exceeds the set operate value
Inst.setting, or when the instantaneous value of the differential current
exceeds 2.5 x Inst. setting. The internal blocking signals of the differential
function do not prevent the operate signal of the instantaneous differential

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current stage. When required, the operate signal of the stage can be blocked
by the external control signal BS_INST.

Should the stabilizing current fall below 30% of the differential current, or the
phase angle between the HV side and LV side phase currents exceed 130
degrees after the automatic vector group matching has been made, a fault has
most certainly occurred in the area protected by the differential relay. Then the
operate value set for the instantaneous stage will be automatically halved and
the internal blocking signals of the stabilized stage will be inhibited.

2.4.7 Error checking in the initialization phase

The initialization function checks if:

• The signal types are IL1, IL2, IL3, IL1b, IL2b or IL3b.
• All the required system measurements are on for the connected channels.
• The measuring devices for all channels are CTs.
• The associated task is fast enough (<= 4 times in a fundamental cycle).

2.4.8 Compensation of the tap changer position

The position of the tap changer used for voltage control can be compensated
if the position information is provided for the protection function via the input
signal “TAP_POS”.

The position value of the tap changer can be brought to the relay as a
resistance value, a mA signal or as binary coded. For more information on
how the resistance value or the mA signal interface is implemented, refer to
the Technical Reference Manual of the relay. For the binary coded interface
via the function blocks BCD2INT, GRAY2INT and NAT2INT, refer to the
Generic Base Elements function block manual (1MRS752371-MUM).

2.5 Blocking principles

2.5.1 Blocking based on the second harmonic

Transformer magnetizing inrush currents occur when the transformer is

energized after a period of de-energization. The inrush current may be many
times the rated current and the halving time may be up to several seconds. To
the differential relay, inrush current represents differential current, which would
cause the relay to operate almost always when the transformer is connected
to the network. Typically, the inrush current contains a large amount of second
harmonics.

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Blocking of the operation of the stabilized stage of the relay at magnetizing

inrush current is based on the ratio of the amplitudes of the second harmonic
digitally filtered from the differential current and the fundamental frequency
(Id2f /Id1f).

The blocking also prevents unwanted operation at recovery and sympathetic

magnetizing inrush. At recovery inrush, the magnetizing current of the
transformer to be protected increases momentarily when the voltage returns to
normal after clearance of a fault outside the protected area. Sympathetic
inrush is caused by another transformer, running in parallel with the protected
transformer already connected to the network, being energized.

The ratio of the second harmonic to fundamental component can vary

considerably between the phases. Especially when the delta compensation is
done for an Ynd1 connected transformer and the two phases of the inrush
currents are otherwise equal but opposite in phase angle, the subtraction of
them in a delta compensation results a very small second harmonic
component.

Because of the above some action needs to be taken in order to avoid false
tripping of the phase having too low ratio of the second harmonic to
fundamental component. One way could be to always block all phases when
the second harmonic blocking conditions are fulfilled at least in one phase.
The other way is to calculate weighted ratios of the second harmonic to
fundamental for each phase using the original ratios of the phases. The latter
option is used here.

The ratio to be used for second harmonic blocking is therefore calculated as a

weighted average on the basis of the ratios calculated from the differential
currents of the three phases. The ratio of the concerned phase is of most
weight compared with the ratios of the other two phases (the weighting factors
are 4, 1, and 1, where 4 is the factor of the phase concerned). The operation
of the stabilized stage on the concerned phase is blocked if the weighted ratio
of that phase is above the set blocking limit Id2f/Id1f>, and if blocking is
enabled through the parameter 2. harm. block.

Using separate blocking for the individual phases and weighted averages
calculated for the separate phases provides a blocking scheme that is stable
at connection inrush currents.

If the peak value of the differential current is very high (> 12 p.u.), the limit for
the second harmonic blocking is desensitized (in the phase in question) by
increasing it proportionally to the peak value of the differential current.

The connection of the power transformer against a fault inside the protected
area does not delay the operation of the tripping, because in such a situation
the blocking based on the second harmonic of the differential current is
prevented by a separate algorithm based on the different waveform and the
different rate of change of normal inrush current and inrush current containing
fault current. The algorithm does not eliminate the blocking at inrush currents,
unless there is a fault in the protected area. The special algorithms used are

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described in the following (see “The 2. harmonic deblocking in the case of

switch on to a fault”).

The second harmonic blocking has a hysteresis to avoid oscillation.

2.5.2 The 2. harmonic deblocking in the case of switch on to a fault

Normally there are low current periods in the differential current during inrush.
Also the rate of change of the differential current is very low during these
periods. If these features are not present in the differential current, it can be
suspected that there is a fault in the transformer.

This feature can also be enabled and disabled via the parameter 2. harm.
block.

2.5.3 The waveform based blocking

This algorithm has two parts. Both parts are very similar compared to the
above (“The 2. harmonic deblocking in the case of switch on to a fault”), but in
this case the criteria for a low current period is different and only the
differential current (not derivative) is checked. The first part is intended for
external faults while the second is intended for inrush situations.

2.5.4 Blocking based on the fifth harmonic

Inhibition of relay operation in situations of overexcitation is based on the ratio

of the fifth harmonic and the fundamental component of the differential current
(Id5f/Id1f). The ratio is calculated separately for each phase without weighting
factors. Should the ratio exceed the setting value of Ratio I5f/I1f>, and
blocking is enabled through the parameter 5. harm. block, the operation of the
stabilized stage of the relay in the concerned phase will be blocked.

At dangerous levels of overvoltage, which may cause damage to the

transformer, the blocking can be automatically eliminated. Should the ratio of
the fifth harmonic and fundamental component of the differential current
exceed the parameter Ratio I5f/I1f>>, and the blocking removal is enabled.
The enabling and disabling of deblocking feature is also done through the
parameter 5. harm. block.

Both the fifth harmonic blocking and the fifth harmonic deblocking have a
hysteresis to avoid oscillation.

For further clarification of the limits Ratio l5f/l1f> and Ratio l5f/l1f>> and their
hysteresis, see Figure 7.

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 Diff6T Distribution Automation

harmonic content / % of fundamental

Id5f/Id1f>>

hysteresis

Id5f/Id1f>

hysteresis

1 t
5th harmonic block

Figure 7. The fifth harmonic blocking limits and the operation when both blocking
and deblocking features are enabled via control parameter 5. harm. block

2.5.5 Reset of the blocking signals (deblock)

All the three blocking signals (Waveform, 2. and 5. harmonic) have a counter,
which holds the blocking on for a certain time after the blocking conditions
have ceased to be fulfilled. Deblocking takes place when those counters have
elapsed. This is a “normal” case of deblocking.

The blocking signals can be reset immediately if a very high differential current
is measured or if the phase difference (the angle between) of the compared
currents is over 130 degrees after the automatic vector group matching has
been made. This does not, however, reset the counters holding the blockings,
so the blocking signals may return once these conditions are not valid
anymore.

2.6 Connection principles

2.6.1 Recommendations for current transformers

The more important the object to be protected, the more attention should be
paid to the current transformers. Normally, it is not possible to dimension the
current transformers so that they repeat currents with high DC components
without saturating when the residual flux of the current transformer is high.
The differential protection function block Diff6T operates reliably even though
the current transformers are partially saturated. The purpose of the following
current transformer recommendations is to secure the stability of the relay at

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high through currents and the quick and sensitive operation of the relay at
faults occurring in the protected area, where the fault currents may be high.

The accuracy class recommended for current transformers to be used with the
differential function block Diff6T is 5P, in which the limit of the current error at
the rated primary current is 1% and the limit of the phase displacement is 60
minutes. The limit of the composite error at the rated accuracy limit primary
current is 5%.

The approximate value of the accuracy limit factor Fa corresponding to the

actual CT burden can be calculated on the basis of the rated accuracy limit
factor Fn (ALF) at the rated burden, the rated burden Sn, the internal burden
Sin and the actual burden Sa of the current transformer as follows:

Sin + S n
Fa = Fn × EQ. (5)
Sin + Sa

Example 1

In the example the rated burden Sn of the CTs 5P20 is 10 VA, the secondary
rated current 5A, the internal resistance Rin = 0.07 Ω and the accuracy limit
factor Fn (ALF) corresponding to the rated burden is 20 (5P20). Thus the
internal burden of the current transformer is Sin = (5A)2 × 0.07 Ω = 1.75 VA.
The input impedance of the relay at a rated current of 5A is < 20 mΩ. If the
measurement conductors have a resistance of 0.113 Ω, the actual burden of
the current transformer is Sa =(5A)2 × (0.113 + 0.020) Ω = 3.33 VA. Thus the
accuracy limit factor Fa corresponding to the actual burden will be about 46.

The CT burden may grow considerably at the rated current of 5A. At the rated
current of 1A the actual burden of the current transformer decreases, while the
repeatability simultaneously improves.

At faults occurring in the protected area, the fault currents may be very high
compared to the rated currents of the current transformers. Thanks to the
instantaneous stage of the differential function block, it is enough that the
current transformers are capable of repeating, during the first cycle, the
current required for instantaneous tripping.

Thus the current transformers should be able to reproduce the asymmetric

fault current without saturating within the next 10 ms after the occurrence of
the fault, to secure that the operate times of the relay comply with the times
stated in section “Technical Data”.

The accuracy limit factors corresponding to the actual burden of the phase
current transformer to be used in differential protection shall fulfill the following
requirement:

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Diff6T Distribution Automation

Fa > Kr * Ikmax * (Tdc * ω * (1 - e

-Tm/Tdc
) + 1) EQ. (6)

where

Ikmax is the maximum through-going fault current (in p.u.) at which the
protection is not allowed to operate,

Tdc is the primary DC time constant related to Ikmax,

ω is the angular frequency, i.e. 2*π*50 Hz,

Tm is the time-to-saturate, i.e. the duration of the saturation free

transformation and

Kr is the remanence factor, 1/(1-r).

The parameter r gives the maximum remanence flux density in the CT core.
The value of the parameter r depends on the magnetic material used and on
the construction of the CT. For example, the value r = 0.4 means that the
remanence flux density may be 40 % of the saturation flux density. The
manufacturer of the CT should be contacted when an accurate value for the
parameter r is needed. The value r = 0.4 is recommended to be used when an
accurate value is not available.

A required minimum time-to-saturate (Tm) in Diff6T is 10 ms.

In the following, two typical cases are considered for the determination of the
sufficient accuracy limit factor (Fa):

1. A fault occurring at the substation bus.

The protection must be stable at a fault arising during a normal

operating situation. Re-energizing the transformer against a bus fault
would lead to very high fault currents and thermal stress, therefore re-
energizing is not preferred in this case.

With this assumption the remanence can be neglected.

The maximum through-going fault current Ikmax is typically 10 p.u. for a

substation main transformer. At a short circuit fault close to the supply
transformer, the DC time constant (Tdc) of the fault current is almost the
same as that of the transformer, the typical value being 100 ms.

The parameters in equation (6) will get the following values:

Ikmax 10 (p.u.)
Tdc 100 (ms)
ω 100π (Hz)
Tm 10 (ms)
Kr 1

=> Fa > Kr * Ikmax * (Tdc * ω * (1 - e ) + 1) ≈ 40

-Tm/Tdc
EQ. (7)

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Distribution Automation Diff6T

2. Re-energizing against a fault occurring further down in the network.

The protection must be stable also during re-energization against a fault

on the line. In this case, existence of remanence is very probable. Let’s
assume 40%.

On the other hand the fault current is now smaller and since the ratio of
the resistance and reactance is greater in this location, having a full DC
offset is not possible. Furthermore, the DC time constant (Tdc) of the
fault current is now smaller, let’s assume 50 ms.

Assuming a maximum fault current 30% lower than in the bus fault and
a DC offset 90% of the maximum, equation (6) will be written.

The parameters in equation (6) will get the following values:

Ikmax 0.7* 10 = 7 (p.u.)

Tdc 50 (ms)
ω 100π (Hz)
Tm 10 (ms)
Kr 1/(1-0.4) = 1.6667

=> Fa > Kr * Ikmax * 0.9 * (Tdc * ω * (1 - e ) + 1) ≈ 40

-Tm/Tdc
EQ. (8)

If the actual burden of the current transformer (Sa) in equation (5) cannot be
reduced low enough to provide a sufficient value for Fa, there are two
alternatives to deal with the situation:

1. a current transformer with a higher rated burden Sn can be chosen

(which also means a higher rated accuracy limit Fn) or

2. a current transformer with a higher nominal primary current I1n (but the
same rated burden) can be chosen.

Example 2

Assuming that the actions according to alternative 2 above is taken in order to

improve the actual accuracy limit factor (Fa):

IrTR = 1000 A (rated secondary current of the transformer)

IrCT = 1500 A (rated primary current of the CT on the transformer

secondary side)

Fn = 30 (rated accuracy limit factor of the CT)

Fa = (IrCT / IrTR) * Fn (actual accuracy limit factor due to oversizing the CT)

Fa = (1500/1000) * 30 = 45

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In differential protection it is important that the accuracy limit factors (Fa ) of

the phase current transformers at both sides correspond with each other, that
is, the burdens of the current transformers on both sides should be as equal
as possible. Should high inrush or start currents with high DC components
pass through the protected object when it is connected to the network, special
attention should be paid to the performance and the burdens of the current
transformers and to the settings of the function block.

2.6.2 Connection of current transformers

The connections of the primary current transformers are designated as “Type

I” and “Type II”. In the case that the positive directions of the relay HV and LV
side currents are opposite, the setting parameter CT connection is “Type I”,
see Figure 8. In the case that the positive directions of the relay HV and LV
side currents equate, the setting parameter CT connection is “Type II”, see
Figure 9. The default is “Type I”.

P2 P1 P1 P2
L1
S2 S1 S1 S2

L2

L3

IL1 IL2 IL3 N N IL3b IL2b IL1b

P1 P2 P2 P1
L1
S1 S2 S2 S1

L2

L3

N IL3 IL2 IL1 IL1b IL2b IL3b N

Figure 8. “Type I” connection of current transformers.

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 Distribution Automation Diff6T

P2 P1 P2 P1
L1
S2 S1 S2 S1

L2

L3

IL1 IL2 IL3 N IL1b IL2b IL3b N

P1 P2 P1 P2
L1
S1 S2 S1 S2

L2

L3

N IL3 IL2 IL1 N IL3b IL2b IL1b

Figure 9. “Type II” connection of current transformers.

2.6.3 Transformer vector group matching

The phase difference of the HV side and LV side currents caused by the
vector group of the power transformer is numerically compensated. The
matching of the phase difference is based on phase shifting and numerical
delta connection inside the relay. The LV connection parameter determines
the connections of the phase windings on the LV side (0="y", 1="yn", 2="d",
3="z", 4="zn"). In the same way, the HV connection parameter determines the
connection on the HV side (0="Y", 1="YN", 2="D", 3="Z", 4="ZN").

Depending on the vector group, the matching is implemented either on the HV

side or the LV side or on both sides, at intervals of 30 °.

When the vector group matching is Yy0, the phase angle of the phase
currents connected to the relay does not change. When the vector group
matching is Yy6, the phase currents will be turned 180° in the relay.

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 Diff6T Distribution Automation

Example 1.

Vector group matching of a YNd11-connected power transformer on the HV

side, CT connection according to Type II.

Settings: HV connection =”YN”, LV connection =”d” and Clock number = “11”.

Internally this is compensated as follows; internal HV compensation = “11” and
internal LV compensation = “0”.

I L1 − I L 2
I L1mHV =
3
I L2 − I L3
I L 2 mHV =
3 EQ. (9)
I L3 − I L1
I L 3 mHV =
3

Example 2.

If the vector group is Yd11and the CT connection according to Type II, the
compensation is a little bit different.

Settings: HV connection =”Y”, LV connection =”d” and Clock number = “11”.

Internally this is compensated as follows; internal HV compensation = “0” and
internal LV compensation = “1”.
I L1 − I L 3
I L1mLV =
3
I − I L1
I L 2 mLV = L2
3 EQ. (10)
I −I
I L 3mLV = L3 L 2
3
In this case, the Wye side currents stay untouched, while the delta side
currents are compensated to match the currents actually flowing in the
windings.

In this example there is no neutral current on either side of the transformer

(assuming there are no earthing transformers installed). In Example 1,
however, the compensation is done differently in order to get the HV side
neutral current compensated at the same time.

2.6.4 Elimination of the zero sequence component of the phase currents

If the Clock number is 4, 6, 8 or 10, the vector group matching is always done
both on the HV and on the LV side. The combination will result in the correct
compensation. In this case the zero-sequence component is always removed

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from both sides automatically. The parameter Io elimination cannot change

this.

If the Clock number is 1, 5, 7 or 11, the vector group matching is done on one
side only. A possible zero-sequence component of the phase currents at earth
faults occurring out of the protection area will be eliminated in the numerically
implemented delta connection before the differential current and the stabilizing
current are calculated. That is why the vector group matching is almost always
made on the wye-connected side of YNd and Dyn connected transformers.

With the Clock number 0 and 6, the zero-sequence component of the phase
currents is not eliminated automatically on either side. However, the
zero-sequence component on the wye-connected side, earthed at its star
point, has to be eliminated by using the Io elimination parameter.

The same parameter has to be used to eliminate the zero-sequence

component if there is, for example, an earthing transformer on the
delta-connection side of the YNd power transformer in the area to be
protected. In this case the vector group matching is normally made on the
wye-connected side. On the delta-connected side, elimination of the zero-
sequence component has to be separately selected.

By using the Io elimination parameter, the zero-sequence component of the

phase currents is calculated and reduced for each phase current as follows:

1
I L1m = I L1 − x ( I L1 + I L 2 + I L 3 )
3
1
I L 2 m = I L 2 − x ( I L1 + I L 2 + I L 3 )
3
EQ. (11)
1
I L 3 m = I L 3 − x ( I L1 + I L 2 + I L 3 )
3

Note! In many cases with earthed neutral of a wye winding it is possible to

make the compensation so that the zero-sequence component of the phase
currents is automatically eliminated. For example, in a case of an YNd
transformer the compensation is done on the HV side to automatically
eliminate the zero-sequence component of the phase currents on that side
(not existing on the delta side). In those cases explicit elimination is not
needed. This is taken into account in Table 1, where the supported
transformer vector groups are listed and the need for explicit zero-sequence
component elimination is stated.

2.6.5 Matching of various power transformer vector groups

The settings corresponding to the supported power transformer vector groups

are listed in the following table:

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Diff6T Distribution Automation

Table 1. Vector group of the transformer

Vector group of HV LV Clock Io elimination
the transformer connection connection number
Yy0 Y y 0 Not needed
YNy0 YN y 0 HV side
YNyn0 YN yn 0 HV & LV side
Yyn0 Y yn 0 LV side
Yy2 Y y 2 Not needed
YNy2 YN y 2 Not needed
YNyn2 YN yn 2 Not needed
Yyn2 Y yn 2 Not needed
Yy4 Y y 4 Not needed
YNy4 YN y 4 Not needed
YNyn4 YN yn 4 Not needed
Yyn4 Y yn 4 Not needed
Yy6 Y y 6 Not needed
YNy6 YN y 6 HV side
YNyn6 YN yn 6 HV & LV side
Yyn6 Y yn 6 LV side
Yy8 Y y 8 Not needed
YNy8 YN y 8 Not needed
YNyn8 YN yn 8 Not needed
Yyn8 Y yn 8 Not needed
Yy10 Y y 10 Not needed
YNy10 YN y 10 Not needed
YNyn10 YN yn 10 Not needed
Yyn10 Y yn 10 Not needed
Yd1 Y d 1 Not needed
YNd1 YN d 1 Not needed
Yd5 Y d 5 Not needed
YNd5 YN d 5 Not needed
Yd7 Y d 7 Not needed
YNd7 YN d 7 Not needed
Yd11 Y d 11 Not needed
YNd11 YN d 11 Not needed
Dd0 D d 0 Not needed
Dd2 D d 2 Not needed
Dd4 D d 4 Not needed
Dd6 D d 6 Not needed
Dd8 D d 8 Not needed
Dd10 D d 10 Not needed
Dy1 D y 1 Not needed
Dyn1 D yn 1 Not needed
Dy5 D y 5 Not needed
Dyn5 D yn 5 Not needed
Dy7 D y 7 Not needed
Dyn7 D yn 7 Not needed

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Vector group of HV LV Clock Io elimination

the transformer connection connection number
Dy11 D y 11 Not needed
Dyn11 D yn 11 Not needed
Yz1 Y z 1 Not needed
YNz1 YN z 1 Not needed
YNzn1 YN zn 1 LV side
Yzn1 Y zn 1 Not needed
Yz5 Y z 5 Not needed
YNz5 YN z 5 Not needed
YNzn5 YN zn 5 LV side
Yzn5 Y zn 5 Not needed
Yz7 Y z 7 Not needed
YNz7 YN z 7 Not needed
YNzn7 YN zn 7 LV side
Yzn7 Y zn 7 Not needed
Yz11 Y z 11 Not needed
YNz11 YN z 11 Not needed
YNzn11 YN zn 11 LV side
Yzn11 Y zn 11 Not needed
Zy1 Z y 1 Not needed
Zyn1 Z yn 1 Not needed
ZNyn1 ZN yn 1 HV side
ZNy1 ZN y 1 Not needed
Zy5 Z y 5 Not needed
Zyn5 Z yn 5 Not needed
ZNyn5 ZN yn 5 HV side
ZNy5 ZN y 5 Not needed
Zy7 Z y 7 Not needed
Zyn7 Z yn 7 Not needed
ZNyn7 ZN yn 7 HV side
ZNy7 ZN y 7 Not needed
Zy11 Z y 11 Not needed
Zyn11 Z yn 11 Not needed
ZNyn11 ZN yn 11 HV side
ZNy11 ZN y 11 Not needed
Dz0 D z 0 Not needed
Dzn0 D zn 0 LV side
Dz2 D z 2 Not needed
Dzn2 D zn 2 Not needed
Dz4 D z 4 Not needed
Dzn4 D zn 4 Not needed
Dz6 D z 6 Not needed
Dzn6 D zn 6 LV side
Dz8 D z 8 Not needed
Dzn8 D zn 8 Not needed
Dz10 D z 10 Not needed

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Diff6T Distribution Automation

Vector group of HV LV Clock Io elimination

the transformer connection connection number
Dzn10 D zn 10 Not needed
Zd0 Z d 0 Not needed
ZNd0 ZN d 0 HV side
Zd2 Z d 2 Not needed
ZNd2 ZN d 2 Not needed
Zd4 Z d 4 Not needed
ZNd4 ZN d 4 Not needed
Zd6 Z d 6 Not needed
ZNd6 ZN d 6 HV side
Zd8 Z d 8 Not needed
ZNd8 ZN d 8 Not needed
Zd10 Z d 10 Not needed
ZNd10 ZN d 10 Not needed
Zz0 Z z 0 Not needed
ZNz0 ZN z 0 HV side
ZNzn0 ZN zn 0 HV & LV side
Zzn0 Z zn 0 LV side
Zz2 Z z 2 Not needed
ZNz2 ZN z 2 Not needed
ZNzn2 ZN zn 2 Not needed
Zzn2 Z zn 2 Not needed
Zz4 Z z 4 Not needed
ZNz4 ZN z 4 Not needed
ZNzn4 ZN zn 4 Not needed
Zzn4 Z zn 4 Not needed
Zz6 Z z 6 Not needed
ZNz6 ZN z 6 HV side
ZNzn6 ZN zn 6 HV & LV side
Zzn6 Z zn 6 LV side
Zz8 Z z 8 Not needed
ZNz8 ZN z 8 Not needed
ZNzn8 ZN zn 8 Not needed
Zzn8 Z zn 8 Not needed
Zz10 Z z 10 Not needed
ZNz10 ZN z 10 Not needed
ZNzn10 ZN zn 10 Not needed
Zzn10 Z zn 10 Not needed

Measurement CTs can always be wye-connected, whatever the vector group

is.

Note! If an earthing transformer is used on the delta side of a Dyn or YNd

transformer, Io elimination must be enabled on the delta side.

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2.6.6 Commissioning instructions

The correct settings for the connection group compensation (control settings
CT connection, HV connection, LV connection and Clock number) can be
verified by monitoring the angle values (Angle IL1-IL2, Angle IL2-IL3, Angle
IL3-IL1, Angle IL1b-IL2b, Angle IL2b-IL3b, Angle IL3b-IL1b, Angle IL1-IL1b,
Angle IL2-IL2b and Angle IL3-IL3b) while injecting current into the transformer.
These angle values are calculated from the compensated currents.

When a station service transformer is available, it can be used to provide

current into the high voltage side (HV) windings while low voltage side (LV)
windings are short-circuited, see Figure 10. This way the current can flow both
in HV and LV windings. Other means for providing the commissioning signals
can also be used. It should be noted that the currents need to be at least
0.015 p.u. to allow for phase current and angle monitoring.

HV side
YNyn0 LV side

3 phase
low
voltage
source IL1 IL2 IL3 N N IL1b IL2b IL3b

Figure 10. Low voltage test arrangement. The three-phase low voltage source can for
example be the station service transformer.
To make sure that the monitored current values are not scaled by the
automatic adaptation to the tap changer position, the control setting parameter
Tapped winding should be set to value “Not in use”. When only interested on
the angle values this is not needed since angle values are not affected by the
tap changer position adaptation.

When injecting the currents into the HV winding as described above the angle
values Angle IL1-IL2, Angle IL2-IL3, Angle IL3-IL1, Angle IL1b-IL2b, Angle
IL2b-IL3b and Angle IL3b-IL1b should show +120.

If this is not the case the phase order may be wrong or the polarity of one
current transformer differs from the polarities of the other current transformers
on the same side. If the angle values Angle IL1-IL2, Angle IL2-IL3 and Angle
IL3-IL1 are shown -120, the phase order is wrong on HV side. If the angle
values Angle IL1b-IL2b, Angle IL2b-IL3b and Angle IL3b-IL1b show -120, the
phase order is wrong on LV side. If the angle values Angle IL1-IL2, Angle IL2-
IL3 and Angle IL3-IL1 do not show the same value (+120) the polarity of one
current transformer may be wrong. For example, if the polarity of the current
transformer measuring IL2 is wrong, the Angle IL1-IL2 show -60, Angle IL2-IL3
show -60 and Angle IL3-IL1 show +120.

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Diff6T Distribution Automation

When the phase order is correct and the angle values mentioned above are
OK, the angle values Angle IL1-IL1b, Angle IL2-IL2b and Angle IL3-IL3b
should show 0. There can be several reasons if this is not the case. If the
angle values are +/-180 most probably the value given for CT connection is
wrong. If the angle values are something else the value for Clock number can
be wrong. Another possibility is that the combination of HV connection and LV
connection does not match Clock number. This means that the resulting
connection group is not supported.

For example if HV connection is set to “Y”, LV connection is set to “y” and

Clock number is set to “1” the resulting connection group Yy1 is not supported.
Similarly if HV connection is set to “Y”, LV connection is set to “d” and Clock
number is set to “0” the resulting connection group Yd0 is not supported. All
non-supported combinations of the settings HV connection, LV connection and
Clock number will result the default connection group compensation that is
Yy0.

2.7 Setting groups

Two different groups of setting values, group 1 and group 2, are available for
the function block. Switching between the two groups can be done in the
following three ways:

1. Locally via the control parameter Group selection of the HMI

2. Over the serial bus with the command V2

3. By means of the input signal GROUP when allowed via the parameter
Group selection (i.e. when V2 = 2).

2.8 Test mode

The digital outputs of the function block can be activated with separate control
parameters for each output either locally via the HMI or externally via the
serial communication. When an output is activated with the test parameter, an
event indicating the test is generated.

The protective functions operate normally when the outputs are tested.

2.9 Registers (Recorded Data)

The information required for later fault analysis is recorded when the function
block trips or when the recording function is triggered via an external triggering
input.

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The data of the last three operations (Operation 1...3) are recorded, and the
values of the most recent operation always replace the data of the oldest
operation. The registers are updated in the following order: Operation 1,
Operation 2, Operation 3, Operation 1, Operation 2 and so on.

2.9.1 Date and time

The time stamp indicates the rising edge of the TRIGG signal or the rising
edge of the TRIP signal.

2.9.2 Status data

The status data of the input signals BS_STAB and BS_INST (Active or Not
active) are recorded at the moment of tripping and triggering.

2.9.3 Currents and phase differences

If the function block trips, the highest differential current value during 50 ms
after the rising edge of the TRIP signal is recorded. All the recorded current
and phase difference values will originate from that same moment determined
by the highest differential current. For external triggering, the current values
are recorded at the moment of triggering i.e. on the rising edge of the input
signal TRIGG. Consequently, the values of the phase currents IL1, IL2, IL3,
IL1b, IL2b, IL3b, the values of the differential currents Id1, Id2, Id3, the values
of the stabilizing currents Ib1, Ib2, Ib3 and the phase difference values always
originate from the same moment. The current values are recorded as multiples
of the rated current In and the phase difference values are recorded in
degrees.

2.10 TRIP output

The output signal TRIP may have a non-latching or latching feature. When the
latching mode has been selected, the TRIP signal remains active until the
output is reset even if the operation criteria have reset. When the non-latching
mode has been selected, the TRIP signal remains active until the operation
criteria have reset and the time determined by the control parameter Trip
pulse has elapsed.

The additional separate indications for each phase included in the output
STATUS will always be non-latched (and is not affected by the parameter
Trip pulse).

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Diff6T Distribution Automation

2.11 Delayed trip output CBFP

The stage provides a delayed trip signal CBFP after the TRIP signal unless
the fault has disappeared during the set CBFP time delay. In circuit breaker
failure protection the CBFP output can be used to operate a circuit breaker
upstream from the circuit breaker of the transformer. The control parameter
Trip pulse determines also the width of the CBFP output signal.

2.12 STATUS output

The function block has one coded output for a set of infrequently needed data.
The STATUS output collects phase-segregated indications of instantaneous
trip, stabilized trip, 2. harmonic blocking, 5. harmonic blocking and waveform
based blocking. The following figures explain the meaning of the bits.

Table 2. Meaning of the bits in the coded output STATUS.

Bit number Meaning of the bit
0 (LSB) Instantaneous stage trip in phase 1
1 Instantaneous stage trip in phase 2
2 Instantaneous stage trip in phase 3
3 Stabilized stage trip in phase 1
4 Stabilized stage trip in phase 2
5 Stabilized stage trip in phase 3
6 Second harmonic block in phase 1
7 Second harmonic block in phase 2
8 Second harmonic block in phase 3
9 Fifth harmonic block in phase 1
10 Fifth harmonic block in phase 2
11 Fifth harmonic block in phase 3
12 Waveform based block in phase 1
13 Waveform based block in phase 2
14 (MSB) Waveform based block in phase 3

Example: STATUS = 393

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 Distribution Automation Diff6T

Table 3. Example of the bits in the coded output STATUS.

MSB LSB
14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

=> The second harmonic blocking is active in all phases 2, 3 and both stabilized and
instantaneous trip have occurred in phase 1.

INT2BOOL_1
INT2BOOL
STATUS IN B0 InstTripPh1
B1 InstTripPh2
B2 InstTripPh3
B3 StabTripPh1
B4 StabTripPh2
B5 StabTripPh3
B6 F2BlockPh1
B7 F2BlockPh2
B8 F2BlockPh3
B9 F5BlockPh1
B10 F5BlockPh2
B11 F5BlockPh3
B12 WaveBlockPh1
B13 WaveBlockPh2
B14 WaveBlockPh3
STATUS_bits

B15

Figure 11. Example of decoding the bits in the coded output STATUS

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Diff6T Distribution Automation

2.13 Resetting

The TRIP output signal and the registers can be reset via the RESET input, or
over the serial bus or the local HMI.

The operation indicators, latched trip signal and recorded data can be reset as
follows:

Operation Latched trip Registers

indicators signal
RESET input of the function block * X X
Parameter F106V013 * X X
General parameter F001V011 X
General parameter F001V012 X X
General parameter F001V013 X X X
Push-button C X
Push-buttons C + E (2 s) X X
Push-buttons C + E (5 s) X X X
* Local reset: resets the latched trip signal or recorded data of the particular function block.

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Distribution Automation Diff6T

3. Parameters and Events

3.1 General

• Each function block has a specific channel number for serial

communication parameters and events. The channel for Diff6T is 106.

• The data direction of the parameters defines the use of each parameter as
follows:

Data direction Description

R, R/M Read only
W Write only
R/W Read and write

• The different event mask parameters (see section “Control Settings”) affect
the visibility of events on the HMI or on the serial communication (LON or
SPA) as follows:

Event mask 1 (F106V101/102) SPA / MMI (LON)

Event mask 2 (F106V103/104) LON
Event mask 3 (F106V105/106) LON
Event mask 4 (F106V107/108) LON

For example, if only the events E3, E4 and E5 are to be seen on the HMI of
the relay terminal, the event mask value 56 (8 + 16 + 32) is written to the
“Event mask 1” parameter (F106V101).

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 Diff6T Distribution Automation

3.2 Setting values

3.2.1 Actual Settings

Parameter Code Values Unit Default Data Explanation

direction
Basic setting S1 5...50 % 20 R The lowest ratio of the differential and
nominal currents to cause a trip.

Starting ratio S2 10...50 % 30 R Slope of the second line of the operation

characteristics.

Turn-point 2 S3 1.0...3.0 x In 1.5 R Turn-point between the second and the

third line of the operation characteristics.

Inst. setting S4 5...30 x In 10 R Trip value of the instantaneous stage.

Ratio I2f/I1f> S5 7...20 % 15 R The ratio of the 2. harmonic component to

the fundamental component required for
blocking.

Ratio I5f/I1f> S6 10...50 % 35 R The ratio of the 5. harmonic component to

the fundamental component required for
blocking.

Ratio I5f/I1f>> S7 10...50 % 35 R The ratio of the 5. harmonic component to

the fundamental component required to
remove the 5. harmonic blocking.
1)
2. harm. block S8 0…2 - 2 R Selects if the 2. harmonic blocking is
allowed and if the deblocking is allowed in
case of switch on to a fault.
1)
5. harm. block S9 0…2 - 1 R Selects if the 5. harmonic blocking is
allowed and if the deblocking is allowed in
case of a severe overvoltage situation.
1)
Harm_blk 0 = Not in use; 1 = In use; 2 = With deblock

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 Distribution Automation Diff6T

3.2.2 Setting Group 1

Parameter Code Values Unit Default Data Explanation

direction
Basic setting S41 5...50 % 20 R/W The lowest ratio of the differential and
nominal currents to cause a trip.

Starting ratio S42 10...50 % 30 R/W Slope of the second line of the operation
characteristics.

Turn-point 2 S43 1.0...3.0 x In 1.5 R/W Turn-point between the second and the
third line of the operation characteristics.

Inst. setting S44 5...30 x In 10 R/W Trip value of the instantaneous stage.

Ratio I2f/I1f> S45 7...20 % 15 R/W The ratio of the 2. harmonic component to
the fundamental component required for
blocking.

Ratio I5f/I1f> S46 10...50 % 35 R/W The ratio of the 5. harmonic component to
the fundamental component required for
blocking.

Ratio I5f/I1f>> S47 10...50 % 35 R/W The ratio of the 5. harmonic component to
the fundamental component required to
remove the 5. harmonic blocking.
1)
2. harm. block S48 0…2 - 2 R/W Selects if the 2. harmonic blocking is
allowed and if the deblocking is allowed in
case of switch on to a fault.
1)
5. harm. block S49 0…2 - 1 R/W Selects if the 5. harmonic blocking is
allowed and if the deblocking is allowed in
case of a severe overvoltage situation.
1)
Harm_blk 0 = Not in use; 1 = In use; 2 = With deblock

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 Diff6T Distribution Automation

3.2.3 Setting Group 2

Parameter Code Values Unit Default Data Explanation

direction
Basic setting S71 5...50 % 20 R/W The lowest ratio of the differential and
nominal currents to cause a trip.

Starting ratio S72 10...50 % 30 R/W Slope of the second line of the operation
characteristics.

Turn-point 2 S73 1.0...3.0 x In 1.5 R/W Turn-point between the second and the
third line of the operation characteristics.

Inst. setting S74 5...30 x In 10 R/W Trip value of the instantaneous stage.

Ratio I2f/I1f> S75 7...20 % 15 R/W The ratio of the 2. harmonic component to
the fundamental component required for
blocking.

Ratio I5f/I1f> S76 10...50 % 35 R/W The ratio of the 5. harmonic component to
the fundamental component required for
blocking.

Ratio I5f/I1f>> S77 10...50 % 35 R/W The ratio of the 5. harmonic component to
the fundamental component required to
remove the 5. harmonic blocking.
1)
2. harm. block S78 0…2 - 2 R/W Selects if the 2. harmonic blocking is
allowed and if the deblocking is allowed in
case of switch on to a fault.
1)
5. harm. block S79 0…2 - 1 R/W Selects if the 5. harmonic blocking is
allowed and if the deblocking is allowed in
case of a severe overvoltage situation.
1)
Harm_blk 0 = Not in use; 1 = In use; 2 = With deblock

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 Distribution Automation Diff6T

3.2.4 Control Settings

Parameter Code Values Unit Default Data Explanation

direction
1)
Operation mode V1 0…1 - 1 R/W Protection block in use or not in use.
2)
Group selection V2 0…2 - 0 R/W Selection of the active setting group.
3)
Active group V3 0…1 - 0 R/M Active setting group.
4)
Trip signal V4 0…1 - 0 R/W Selection of self-holding for TRIP output.

Trip pulse V5 40...1000 ms 40 R/W Minimum pulse length of TRIP and CBFP.

CBFP time V6 100...1000 ms 100 R/W Operate time of the delayed trip CBFP.
5)
CT connection V7 0…1 - 0 R/W CT connection type. Determined by the directions of the connected
current transformers.
6)
HV connection V8 0…4 - 0 R/W Connection of the HV side windings. Determined by the transformer
vector group (e.g. Dyn11 ->"D").
7)
LV connection V9 0…4 - 0 R/W Connection of the LV side windings. Determined by the transformer
vector group (e.g. Dyn11 ->"yn").

Clock number V10 0...11 - 0 R/W Setting the Clock number for vector group compensation
(e.g. Dyn11 -> 11).
8)
Io elimination V11 0…3 - 0 R/W Elimination of the zero-sequence current.

Min. turns tap V12 -36...36 - 36 R/W The tap position number results the minimum number of effective
winding turns on the transformer where the tap changer is.

Max. turns tap V14 -36...36 - 0 R/W The tap position number results the maximum number of effective
winding turns on the transformer where the tap changer is.

Nominal tap V15 -36...36 - 18 R/W The nominal position of the tap changer resulting in the default
transformation ratio of the transformer (as if with no tap changer).
9)
Tapped winding V16 0…2 - 0 R/W The winding where the tap changer is connected. Also used to
enable/disable the automatic compensation of the tap changer position.

Tap step % V17 0.60...9.00 % 1.50 R/W The percentage change in voltage corresponding one step of the tap
changer.
10)
Reset registers V13 0…1 - 0 W Resetting of latched trip signal and registers.
11)
Test TRIP V32 0…1 - 0 R/W Testing of TRIP.
11)
Test CBFP V33 0…1 - 0 R/W Testing of CBFP.

Event mask 1 V101 0...262143 - 63 R/W Event mask 1 for event transmission (E0...E17).

Event mask 2 V103 0...262143 - 63 R/W Event mask 2 for event transmission (E0...E17).

Event mask 3 V105 0...262143 - 63 R/W Event mask 3 for event transmission (E0...E17).

Event mask 4 V107 0...262143 - 63 R/W Event mask 4 for event transmission (E0...E17).
1)
Status 0 = Not in use; 1 = In use
2)
Group selection 0 = Group 1; 1 = Group 2; 2 = GROUP input
3)
Active group 0 = Group 1; 1 = Group 2
4)
Trip signal 0 = Non-latching; 1 = Latching
5)
Connection type 0 = Type I; 1 = Type II
6)
HV type 0 = Y; 1 = YN; 2 = D; 3 = Z; 4 = ZN
7)
LV type 0 = y; 1 = yn; 2 = d; 3 = z; 4 = zn
8)
IO elimination 0 = Not in use; 1 = HV side; 2 = LV side; 3 = HV&LV side
9)
Tapped winding 0 = Not in use; 1 = HV winding; 2 = LV winding
10)
Reset 0 = 0; 1 = Reset
11)
Test 0 = Do not activate; 1 = Activate

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 Diff6T Distribution Automation

3.3 Measurement values

3.3.1 Input Data

Parameter Code Values Unit Default Data Explanation

direction
Current IL1 I1 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Phase current IL1

Current IL2 I2 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Phase current IL2

Current IL3 I3 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Phase current IL3

Current IL1b I4 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Phase current IL1b

Current IL2b I5 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Phase current IL2b

Current IL3b I6 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Phase current IL3b

Current Id1 I7 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Differential current of phase 1

Current Id2 I8 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Differential current of phase 2

Current Id3 I9 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Differential current of phase 3

Current Ib1 I10 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Bias current of phase 1

Current Ib2 I11 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Bias current of phase 2

Current Ib3 I12 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Bias current of phase 3

Id2f/Id1f L1 I13 0.0...100.0 % 0.0 R/M The ratio of the second harmonic to fundamental in phase 1

Id2f/Id1f L2 I14 0.0...100.0 % 0.0 R/M The ratio of the second harmonic to fundamental in phase 2

Id2f/Id1f L3 I15 0.0...100.0 % 0.0 R/M The ratio of the second harmonic to fundamental in phase 3

Angle IL1-IL2 I16 -180.0...180.0 ° 0.0 R/M Phase difference of the currents L1 and L2

Angle IL2-IL3 I17 -180.0...180.0 ° 0.0 R/M Phase difference of the currents L2 and L3

Angle IL3-IL1 I18 -180.0...180.0 ° 0.0 R/M Phase difference of the currents L3 and L1

Angle IL1b-IL2b I19 -180.0...180.0 ° 0.0 R/M Phase difference of the currents L1b and L2b

Angle IL2b-IL3b I20 -180.0...180.0 ° 0.0 R/M Phase difference of the currents L2b and L3b

Angle IL3b-IL1b I21 -180.0...180.0 ° 0.0 R/M Phase difference of the currents L3b and L1b

Angle IL1-IL1b I22 -180.0...180.0 ° 0.0 R/M Phase difference of the currents L1 and L1b

Angle IL2-IL2b I23 -180.0...180.0 ° 0.0 R/M Phase difference of the currents L2 and L2b

Angle IL3-IL3b I24 -180.0...180.0 ° 0.0 R/M Phase difference of the currents L3 and L3b
1)
Input BS_STAB I25 0…1 - 0 R/M Status of BS_STAB signal
1)
Input BS_INST I26 0…1 - 0 R/M Status of BS_INST signal
1)
Input GROUP I27 0…1 - 0 R/M Status of signal for switching between group 1 and 2

Input TAP_POS I28 -36...36 - 0 R/M Tap changer position

1)
Input RESET I29 0…1 - 0 R/M Status of signal for resetting output signals of Diff6T
1)
Active 0 = Not active; 1 = Active

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 Distribution Automation Diff6T

3.3.2 Output Data

Parameter Code Values Unit Default Data Explanation

direction
1)
Output TRIP O1 0 or 1 - 0 R/M Status of trip signal
1)
Stab. trip O2 0 or 1 - 0 R/M Status of the trip from stabilized stage
1)
Inst. trip O3 0 or 1 - 0 R/M Status of the trip instantaneous stage
1)
Output CBFP O4 0 or 1 - 0 R/M Status of CBFP signal

Output O5 0…32767 - 0 R/M Status enumerator of the Diff6T

STATUS
1)
Output 0 = Not active; 1 = Active

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 Diff6T Distribution Automation

3.3.3 Recorded data

3.3.3.1 Recorded Data 1

Parameter Code Values Unit Default Data Explanation

direction
Date V201 YYYY-MM-DD - - R/M Recording date
Time V202 hh:mm:ss.000 - - R/M Recording time
Current IL1 V203 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Phase current IL1
Current IL2 V204 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Phase current IL2
Current IL3 V205 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Phase current IL3
Current IL1b V206 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Phase current IL1b
Current IL2b V207 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Phase current IL2b
Current IL3b V208 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Phase current IL3b
Current Id1 V209 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Differential current of phase 1
Current Id2 V210 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Differential current of phase 2
Current Id3 V211 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Differential current of phase 3
Current Ib1 V212 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Bias current of phase 1
Current Ib2 V213 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Bias current of phase 2
Current Ib3 V214 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Bias current of phase 3
Angle IL1-IL2 V215 -180.0...180.0 ° 0.0 R/M Phase difference of the currents L1 and L2
Angle IL2-IL3 V216 -180.0...180.0 ° 0.0 R/M Phase difference of the currents L2 and L3
Angle IL3-IL1 V217 -180.0...180.0 ° 0.0 R/M Phase difference of the currents L3 and L1
Angle IL1b-IL2b V218 -180.0...180.0 ° 0.0 R/M Phase difference of the currents L1b and L2b
Angle IL2b-IL3b V219 -180.0...180.0 ° 0.0 R/M Phase difference of the currents L2b and L3b
Angle IL3b-IL1b V220 -180.0...180.0 ° 0.0 R/M Phase difference of the currents L3b and L1b
Angle IL1-IL1b V221 -180.0...180.0 ° 0.0 R/M Phase difference of the currents L1 and L1b
Angle IL2-IL2b V222 -180.0...180.0 ° 0.0 R/M Phase difference of the currents L2 and L2b
Angle IL3-IL3b V223 -180.0...180.0 ° 0.0 R/M Phase difference of the currents L3 and L3b
1)
Tripped phases V224 0…7 - 0 R/M Trip status indicating the phases issuing the trip
2)
Input BS_STAB V225 0…1 - 0 R/M Status of BS_STAB input
2)
Input BS_INST V226 0…1 - 0 R/M Status of BS_INST input
Input TAP_POS V227 -36...36 - 0 R/M Tap changer position
3)
Active group V228 0…1 - 0 R/M Active setting group
Reg. reason V229 0…3
4)
- 0 R/M Reason for registration (TRIP >, TRIP >> or TRIGG)
1)
Active phase 0 = Not active; 1 = Phase L1; 2 = Phase L2; 3 = Phases L1&L2; 4 = Phase L3;
5 = Phases L3&L1; 6 = Phases L2&L3; 7 = Phases L1&L2&L3
2)
Active 0 = Not active; 1 = Active
2)
Active group 0 = Group 1; 1 = Group 2
4)
Registration reason 0 = Not active; 1= TRIP >; 2 = TRIP >>; 3 = TRIGG

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 Distribution Automation Diff6T

3.3.3.2 Recorded Data 2

Parameter Code Values Unit Default Data Explanation

direction
Date V301 YYYY-MM-DD - - R/M Recording date
Time V302 hh:mm:ss.000 - - R/M Recording time
Current IL1 V303 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Phase current IL1
Current IL2 V304 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Phase current IL2
Current IL3 V305 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Phase current IL3
Current IL1b V306 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Phase current IL1b
Current IL2b V307 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Phase current IL2b
Current IL3b V308 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Phase current IL3b
Current Id1 V309 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Differential current of phase 1
Current Id2 V310 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Differential current of phase 2
Current Id3 V311 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Differential current of phase 3
Current Ib1 V312 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Bias current of phase 1
Current Ib2 V313 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Bias current of phase 2
Current Ib3 V314 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Bias current of phase 3
Angle IL1-IL2 V315 -180.0...180.0 ° 0.0 R/M Phase difference of the currents L1 and L2
Angle IL2-IL3 V316 -180.0...180.0 ° 0.0 R/M Phase difference of the currents L2 and L3
Angle IL3-IL1 V317 -180.0...180.0 ° 0.0 R/M Phase difference of the currents L3 and L1
Angle IL1b-IL2b V318 -180.0...180.0 ° 0.0 R/M Phase difference of the currents L1b and L2b
Angle IL2b-IL3b V319 -180.0...180.0 ° 0.0 R/M Phase difference of the currents L2b and L3b
Angle IL3b-IL1b V320 -180.0...180.0 ° 0.0 R/M Phase difference of the currents L3b and L1b
Angle IL1-IL1b V321 -180.0...180.0 ° 0.0 R/M Phase difference of the currents L1 and L1b
Angle IL2-IL2b V322 -180.0...180.0 ° 0.0 R/M Phase difference of the currents L2 and L2b
Angle IL3-IL3b V323 -180.0...180.0 ° 0.0 R/M Phase difference of the currents L3 and L3b
1)
Tripped phases V324 0…7 - 0 R/M Trip status indicating the phases issuing the trip
2)
Input BS_STAB V325 0…1 - 0 R/M Status of BS_STAB input
2)
Input BS_INST V326 0…1 - 0 R/M Status of BS_INST input
Input TAP_POS V327 -36...36 - 0 R/M Tap changer position
3)
Active group V328 0…1 - 0 R/M Active setting group
Reg. reason V329 0…3
4)
- 0 R/M Reason for registration (TRIP >, TRIP >> or TRIGG)
1)
Active phase 0 = Not active; 1 = Phase L1; 2 = Phase L2; 3 = Phases L1&L2; 4 = Phase L3;
5 = Phases L3&L1; 6 = Phases L2&L3; 7 = Phases L1&L2&L3
2)
Active 0 = Not active; 1 = Active
2)
Active group 0 = Group 1; 1 = Group 2
4)
Registration reason 0 = Not active; 1= TRIP >; 2 = TRIP >>; 3 = TRIGG

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 Diff6T Distribution Automation

3.3.3.3 Recorded Data 3

Parameter Code Values Unit Default Data Explanation

direction
Date V401 YYYY-MM-DD - - R/M Recording date
Time V402 hh:mm:ss.000 - - R/M Recording time
Current IL1 V403 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Phase current IL1
Current IL2 V404 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Phase current IL2
Current IL3 V405 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Phase current IL3
Current IL1b V406 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Phase current IL1b
Current IL2b V407 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Phase current IL2b
Current IL3b V408 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Phase current IL3b
Current Id1 V409 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Differential current of phase 1
Current Id2 V410 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Differential current of phase 2
Current Id3 V411 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Differential current of phase 3
Current Ib1 V412 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Bias current of phase 1
Current Ib2 V413 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Bias current of phase 2
Current Ib3 V414 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Bias current of phase 3
Angle IL1-IL2 V415 -180.0...180.0 ° 0.0 R/M Phase difference of the currents L1 and L2
Angle IL2-IL3 V416 -180.0...180.0 ° 0.0 R/M Phase difference of the currents L2 and L3
Angle IL3-IL1 V417 -180.0...180.0 ° 0.0 R/M Phase difference of the currents L3 and L1
Angle IL1b-IL2b V418 -180.0...180.0 ° 0.0 R/M Phase difference of the currents L1b and L2b
Angle IL2b-IL3b V419 -180.0...180.0 ° 0.0 R/M Phase difference of the currents L2b and L3b
Angle IL3b-IL1b V420 -180.0...180.0 ° 0.0 R/M Phase difference of the currents L3b and L1b
Angle IL1-IL1b V421 -180.0...180.0 ° 0.0 R/M Phase difference of the currents L1 and L1b
Angle IL2-IL2b V422 -180.0...180.0 ° 0.0 R/M Phase difference of the currents L2 and L2b
Angle IL3-IL3b V423 -180.0...180.0 ° 0.0 R/M Phase difference of the currents L3 and L3b
1)
Tripped phases V424 0…7 - 0 R/M Trip status indicating the phases issuing the trip
2)
Input BS_STAB V425 0…1 - 0 R/M Status of BS_STAB input
2)
Input BS_INST V426 0…1 - 0 R/M Status of BS_INST input
Input TAP_POS V427 -36...36 - 0 R/M Tap changer position
3)
Active group V428 0…1 - 0 R/M Active setting group
Reg. reason V429 0…3
4)
- 0 R/M Reason for registration (TRIP >, TRIP >> or TRIGG)
1)
Active phase 0 = Not active; 1 = Phase L1; 2 = Phase L2; 3 = Phases L1&L2; 4 = Phase L3;
5 = Phases L3&L1; 6 = Phases L2&L3; 7 = Phases L1&L2&L3
2)
Active 0 = Not active; 1 = Active
2)
Active group 0 = Group 1; 1 = Group 2
4)
Registration reason 0 = Not active; 1= TRIP >; 2 = TRIP >>; 3 = TRIGG

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 Distribution Automation Diff6T

3.3.4 Events

Code Weighting Default Event reason Event state

coefficient mask
E0 1 1 TRIP signal of 3d I> stage Reset
E1 2 1 TRIP signal of 3d I> stage Activated
E2 4 1 TRIP signal of 3d I>> stage Reset
E3 8 1 TRIP signal of 3d I>> stage Activated
E4 16 1 CBFP signal 3d I> or 3d I>> Reset
E5 32 1 CBFP signal 3d I> or 3d I>> Activated
E6 64 0 I2f/I1f> blocking Reset
E7 128 0 I2f/I1f> blocking Activated
E8 256 0 I5f/I1f> blocking Reset
E9 512 0 I5f/I1f> blocking Activated
E10 1024 0 Waveform blocking Reset
E11 2048 0 Waveform blocking Activated
E12 4096 0 BS_STAB signal of 3d I> stage Reset
E13 8192 0 BS_STAB signal of 3d I> stage Activated
E14 16384 0 BS_INST signal of 3d I>> stage Reset
E15 32768 0 BS_INST signal of 3d I>> stage Activated
E16 65536 0 Test mode of 3d I> and 3d I>> Off
E17 131072 0 Test mode of 3d I> and 3d I>> On

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Diff6T Distribution Automation

4. Technical Data
Operation accuracies At the frequency range f/fn = 0.95...1.05

Phase difference measurement: ± 4°

Operation of stabilized stage:

± 4% of set value or ± 2% x In

Operation of instantaneous stage:

± 4% of set value or ± 2% x In

Trip time Injected currents > 2.0 x operating current:

f/fn = 0.95...1.05 internal time < 35 ms

total time1) < 45 ms

Reset time 60...1020 ms

(depends on the minimum pulse width set for the TRIP output)

Reset ratio Typ. 0.98 (range 0.90...0.98)

Retardation time Total retardation time when the current or voltage

drops below the operate value1) < 40 ms

Configuration data Task execution interval (Relay Configuration Tool): 5 ms

at the rated frequency fn = 50 Hz
1)
Includes the delay of the heavy-duty output relay

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