BICOL STATE COLLEGE OF APPLIED SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY

College of Engineering and Architecture

S/Y: 2019-2020 1st Semester
Civil Engineering Orientation [CENO001]

REDEVELOPMENT and PROPOSING NEW CURVED ROAD TO LESSEN ROAD

ACCIDENTS IN NEW MORIONES ROAD, OCAMPO, CAMARINES SUR
By: Latam and Quiñones BSCE-1A

CLO1. Discuss the history of Civil Engineering and the Profession.

We should apprehend the current situation of road engineering in our country by knowing its history across
the world and even to our country. It will lead to new innovations that could probably help the future engineers to
acquire new ideas in constructing roads/highways.

Traces of early roads have been found since the recorded history of the mankind. The first and oldest mode
of travel obviously was foot path. Before the invention of wheel, people used to move on foot, thus creating foot paths.
Men and material must have been transported either on backs of men or animals.

The historical road development can be divided in to the following era:

 Early/Basic Roads
 Roman Roads
 Modern Roads

Early Roads

After invention of wheel, animal drawn bullock carts continued to be popular mode of transport for quite a
long time. This necessitated in providing hard surface for wheeled carts. The first hard surface was discovered in
Mesopotamia at about 3500 B.C. Archeological findings street were paved in Mohanjodaro at about 3500 B.C.

There are signs of pucca roads were used during the construction of Illahun pyrmaids in Egypt between
3000- 2500 B.C. This would be due to the transportation of huge limestone blocks.

Roman Roads

In the ancient Rome era, more intensive system of roads was developed. The road radiating in many
directions from Rome, some of those roads are said to be a very elaborate construction, Many of the Roman roads are
still in existence even after 2000 years. Romans were considered to be the pioneers in road construction. With the fall
of Roman Empire, the road building technique became a lost art.

Modern Roads

18th Century, improved construction methods for roads began to develop. Mr. Pierre Tresaguet developed an
improved method of construction in 1764 in France. At the time when Mr. Pierre Tresaguet was busy in developing his
road construction method, Mr. John Metcalf was engaged in his development in England. Metcalf constructed about 290
km road in northern region of England. Since Metcalf was blind, his work was not recorded and thus got lost.
 Telford and Macadam were the pioneers in road development in England. Telford believed in using heavy
foundation stones over the soil sub-grade, while Macadam advocated the use of compacted crushed aggregate layer at
the bottom. Macadam’s method of road construction is still in used and named after his name.

Brief History of National Roads in the Philippines

Department of Public Works and Highways or DPWH has been long withstanding as the infrastructure arm of
the Philippines. It started during the Spanish Colonial Era. It was in 1900s when the transportation depended on roads.
At this period, the construction of highways in the Philippines seemed to be impossible. It was during in the American
Period when the roadways were developed in the Philippines. Just like any other government agencies, its development
depended on the administration as result of changing of administration policies and organization structure.

Rehabilitation and construction of roads occurred after the World War II since a lot of roads were destroyed
due to bombs thrown in different areas. It was paid by the Japanese Government. Philippines was also able to receive
grant from the US government. It was Maximo Paterno who was the first Minister of Ministry of Public Works and
Communications (1899). Since then, it has developed and replicated modern engineering technologies that ensures
safety standards in infrastructure buildings.

Accidents in curved roads mainly occur when the momentum force of the vehicle is less than the centrifugal
force towards the direction of the curved path. Thus, it makes the vehicle move in a straight line instead of curve.
Underestimation of speed in curved roadways may be a contributing factor to road accidents causing fatal and serious
injury accidents in curves especially heavy vehicles. To the proponents’ proposed area to have redevelopment and
constructing new curved road which is New Moriones, Ocampo, Camarines Sur, vehicular accident is very common.

Evidences

An example of Roman Road found in Mr. Pierre Tresaguet

Portugal
 Ayala Avenue in 1950s

Curved Road in New Moriones,

Ocampo, Camarines Sur

EDSA in 1950s

Reflection

People have learned much on how the roads and highways system evolved as time goes by, involving its
purpose, structure, background, and the materials or facilities used. Roads and Highways were originally used for
making the lives of the people easier during the ancient civilizations due to its system. Since the needs of the
community have changed, the transportation system was also changed where in it is made to manage the trades and
transportation to become more convenient. Eventually, engineers know how to accomplish the needs of a society and
build impressive ideas from those implications in order to become a guide for the future proponents.
CLO2. Discuss the practices of civil engineers in relation to their interaction with the society.

Civil engineering is the engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction and maintenance of
public works such as buildings, roads, bridges, water and energy systems as well as public facilities like ports, railways
and airports.

Civil engineering is all about people. It's the work that civil engineers do to develop and improve the services
and facilities that general people use in their everyday life. In relation with the topic about roads and highways, Civil
engineers need to manage the cycle and system of the transportation. In order to achieve that, engineers observe the
safety and protection of the society and environment. Accidents are very unpredictable and the common causes of it
are driver's distraction, failed/destroyed road pavements, and others. Engineers will focus on these factors and
implement new and efficient ideas to accomplish their goals in roads and highways engineering.

Road engineers are tasked to perform engineering duties in planning, designing and overseeing construction
and maintenance of building structures, and facilities, such as roads, railroads, airports, bridges, harbors, channels,
dams, irrigation projects, and etc. They direct engineering activities ensuring compliance with environmental, safety,
or other government regulations.

Evidences

Civil Engineers who are tasked to develop and manage

Road Engineers are tasked in building roads and ensures
the construction of roads and highways
the safety measure of the community that is involved

Reflection

Civil engineers use their skills to optimize performance and efficiency of community systems. Without their
unique talents, communities would not grow and prosper. Civil engineering is centered on improving the lives of people,
engineers contribute significantly to the well-being of the society. They are an integral part of society, without them,
we would have no roads, airports, buildings, dams, etc. Since we are already in the modern era, the ideas and
implementations of the civil engineers are also improving and becoming more progressive. The materials and
techniques that they used are quite more efficient because they always have ideas on their sleeves that meet the
needs of the society and especially the environment.
CLO3. Discuss the trend of Civil Engineering Development

In New Moriones, Ocampo, Camarines Sur, specifically the road after Terra Mater Resort along Gov. Jose T.
Fuentebella Highway is prone to vehicular accidents because of the curved road. The area has a blind spot for the
drivers not noticing the road especially when it is night time. The area also has no functioning streetlights or anything
that can provide light for the drivers. Only the light of the vehicles are visible at night making it more dangerous for the
drivers. According to statistics from the barangay hall, there are 20 road accidents every year in that particular road.
There are many tips to stay safe on curved roads but proposing a new curved road will be the better option to lessen
the accidents in that particular area. The road may be widen and should make it a 3 way-lane to have an extra time to
decelerate and make a perfect turn for the curve. The proponents are also planning to suggest on putting road
reflector lights in the middle of the highway especially on curved roads to provide visibility during darkness to lower
the rate of collisions by vehicles.

Evidences

Reflection

Road Light Reflector to provide light and

guide for the drivers
 Adding more lanes to give the drivers
extra time to decelerate and make a
perfect turn in a curved road

Reflection

Along with the development of road engineering, many technological innovations are present in the progress
of constructing it and how to further improve it. At first, the materials used for construction were stiff and fragile that
could only for lasts for a short period of time. Since the technology in the present is much more improving, more
materials and strong foundations were added in constructing roads and highways. Like the idea of putting Road Light
reflector devices that could possibly lessen the number of accidents in curved road during nighttime. Adding more
lanes could also contribute and benefit the community to lower traffic congestion that can also lead into accidents.
Redeveloping and proposing new curved road are the main goals of the proponents to help the community.

CLO4. Discuss the relationship of Civil Engineering to Environmental Sciences

Roads can have both positive and negative influences on people and the environment. On the positive side
roads provide the opportunity of mobility and transport for people and goods. On the negative side roads occupy land
resources and form barriers to animals. Trees beside the road will be excavated hence the trees will be automatically
cut down to give space to the construction of the road. They can also cause adverse impacts on natural water
resources and discharge areas. Dust is created during the construction. If the dust spread to watercourses and lakes,
it may cause cloudiness in the water. Wastes that include unexpected materials, such as excavated soil that cannot be
re-used. Waste may arise in different ways, residue of road structure material and dangerous waste from machines.
Evidences

Dust created during construction of roads Damaged roads due to frequent passing vehicles

Removing of trees and making space

for the construction of roads

Reflection

Roads are increasingly common in today’s world as human development expands and people increasingly rely
on cars and vehicles for transportation on a daily basis. Everyone has a vital role to play in this world. Soil erosion and
landslides are possible during this road building. To minimize its effects people should be encouraged to save the
environment by replacing the trees that had been removed during construction. These small acts can save our planet
from extinction. Every small act can make a huge difference.