Problem Set No.

2: MEASUREMENT OF HORIZONTAL DISTANCES

1. PACING. In walking along a 75-m course, the pacer of a field party counted 43.50, 44.0,
43.50, 43.75, 44.50, and 43.25 strides. Then 105.50, 106.00, 105.75, and 106.25 strides
were counted in walking from one marker to another established along a straight and level
course. Determine the distance between the two markers.

2. PACING. A student paces a 50-m length five times with the following results: 57.00,
56.75, 56.50, 58.00, and 56.25 paces. Determine how many paces he must step off in order
to establish a distance of 450 meters on level ground.

3. PACING. Determine the length of a line negotiated in in 208 paces by a person whose
pace is 0.76 meters long.

4. DISTANCES BY SUBTENSE BAR. With the use of a 1-sec theodolite positioned at the
center of a six-sided lot, the following readings were taken on a 2-m subtense bar set up at
each corner: 0°26’16”, 0°12’35”, 0°15’05”, 0°22’29”, 0°30’45”, and 0°09’50”. Determine
the distance of each corner from the instrument position.

5. DISTANCES BY SUBTENSE BAR. A 2-m long subtense bar was first set up at A and
subsequently at B, and the subtended angles to the bar as read from a theodolite positioned
somewhere along the middle of line AB, were recorded as 0°24’15” and 0°20’30”,
respectively. Determine the length of AB.

6. SLOPE MEASUREMENT. A traverse line was measured in three sections: 295.85 m at

slope 8°45’, 149.58 m at slope 4°29’, and 373.48 m at slope 4°25’. Determine the horizontal
length of the line.

7. SLOPE MEASUREMENT. A slope measurement of 545.38 m is made between points A

and B. The elevation of A is 424. 25 m and that of B is 459.06 m. Determine the horizontal
distance between the two points.

8. MEASUREMENTS WITH TAPE. The sides of a rectangular parcel of property were

measured and recorded as 249.50 m and 496.85 m. It was determined, however, that the
30-m tape used in measuring was actually 30.05 m long. Determine the correct area of the
rectangle in hectares.

9. MEASUREMENTS WITH TAPE. A 30-m steel tape when compared with a standard is
actually 29.95 m long. Determine the correct length of a line measured with this tape and
found to be 466.55 m.

10. LAYING OUT DISTANCES. A track and field coach wishes to lay out for his team a 200-
m straightway course. If he uses a 50-m tape known to be 50.20 m long, determine the
measurements to be made so that the course will have the correct length.

11. LAYING OUT DISTANCES. It is required to lay out a building 80 m by 100 m with a 30-
m long metallic tape which was found to be 0.15 m too short. Determine the correct
dimensions to be used in order that the building shall have the desired measurements.
12. LAYING OUT DISTANCES. A steel tape whose nominal length is supposed to be 30 m
long was found to be 30.02 m long when compared with an invar tape during
standardization. If the tape is to be used in laying out a 520 m by 850 m rectangular parking
lot, determine the actual dimensions to be laid out.

13. CORRECTION DUE TO TEMPERATURE. A 30-m steel tape is of standard length at

20°C. If the coefficient of thermal expansion of steel is 0.0000116/1°C, determine the
distance to be laid out using this tape to establish two points exactly 1235.65 m apart when
the temperature is 33°C.

14. CORRECTION DUE TO TEMPERATURE. A steel tape having a correct length at 22°C
was used to measure a base line and the recorded readings gave the total of 856.815 m. If
the average temperature during the measurement was 18°C, determine the correct length
of the line.

15. CORRECTION DUE TO TENSION. A heavy 30-m tape having a cross-sectional area of
0.5 cm2 has been standardized at a tension of 5 kg. If E=2.10x10 6 kg/cm2, calculate the
elongation of the tape for an increase in tension from 5.5 kg to 20 kg.

16. CORRECTION DUE TO TENSION. A steel tape is 30.0 m long under a pull of 6.0 kg
when supported throughout. It has a cross-sectional area of 0.035 cm 2 and is applied fully
supported with a 12 kg pull to measure a line whose recorded length is 308.32 m. Determine
the correct length of the line if E=2.1x106 kg/cm2.

17. CORRECTION DUE TO TENSION. A 30-m steel tape weighing 1.75 kg is of standard
length under a pull of 4.55 kg, supported for full length. This tape was used in measuring a
line (found to be 1371.50 m) on smooth level ground under a steady pull of 8 kg. Assuming
E=2.05x106 kg/cm2 and that the unit weight of steel is 7.9x10-3 kg/cm3, determine the
following: cross sectional area of the tape, correction for increase in tension for the whole
length measured, and the correct length of the measured line.

18. CORRECTION DUE TO SAG. A 30-m steel tape weighs 1.5 kg and is supported at its
end points and at the 5 and 15-meter marks. If the pull of 8 kg is applied, determine the
correction due to sag between supports and for one tape length.

19. CORRECTION DUE TO SAG. A 30-m steel tape weighing 0.04 kg/m is constantly
supported only at its end points, and used to measure a line with a steady pull of 8.5 kg. If
the measured length of the line is 2465.18 m, determine the correct length of the line.

20. NORMAL TENSION. Determine the normal tension required to make a tape exactly
30.0 m between its ends when used in an unsupported mode, if the tape has cross sectional
area of 0.045 cm2 and weighs 0.90 kg. Assume that the tape is exactly 30.0 m when
supported throughout its length under a standard pull of 6.0 kg, and its modulus of elasticity
is 2.10x106 kg/cm2.

21. NORMAL TENSION. A 30-m steel tape supported at its ends weighs 0.03 kg/m and is of
standard length under a pull of 6.5 kg. If the elastic modulus of steel is 2.0x10 6 kg/cm2 and
its weight density is 7.9x10-3 kg/cm3, determine the tension at which the effect of sag will be
eliminated by the elongation of the tape due to increased tension.

22. COMBINED CORRECTIONS. A 30-m steel tape weighs 12.5 g/m and has a cross
sectional area of 0.022 cm 2. It measures correctly when supported throughout under a
tension of 8.0 kg and at temperature of 20°C. When used in the field, the tape is only
supported at its ends, under a pull of 9.0 kg, and at an average temperature of 28°C.
Determine the distance between the zero and 30-m marks.

23. COMBINED CORRECTIONS. A line was found to be 2865.35 m long when measured
with a 30-m tape under a steady pull of 6.5 kg at a mean temperature of 30°C. Determine
the correct length of the line if the tape used is of standard length at 20°C under a pull of
5.5 kg. Assume that the cross-sectional area of tape to be 0.025 cm 2, elastic modulus as
2.10x106 kg/cm2, and coefficient of thermal expansion to be 0.0000116/1°C.

24. MEASURING ANGLES WITH TAPE. The sides of a triangle measure 1053.55, 1840.33,
and 1325.05 m. Determine the three angles in the triangle.

25. OBSTRUCTED DISTANCES. In the accompanying sketch, it is required to determine the

distance between points A and B which spans a wide and deep river. Lines BD and CE, which
measure 385.75 m and 529.05 m, respectively, are established perpendicular to line ABC. If
points D and E are lined up with A and the length of BC=210.38 m, determine the required
distance.