JURNAL NOMINAL / VOLUME VIII NOMOR 1 / TAHUN 2019

THE EFFECT OF RELIGIOSITY, THE LEVEL OF INCOME, AND

THE LEVEL OF ISLAMIC FINANCIAL LITERACY TOWARD
THE INTEREST OF STUDENT TO BECOME CUSTOMERS IN
SHARIA FINANCIAL INSTITUTION

(An empirical study on student of Faculty of Economics in Yogyakarta State

University and Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta State Islamic Universit y)

Rifda Amalia Luthfiani

Program Studi Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
[email protected]
Ratna Candra Sari
Staf pengajar Program Studi Akuntansi Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
[email protected]

Abstract : The Effect of Religiosity, The Level of Income, and The Level of Islamic Financial
Literacy Toward The Interest Of Student To Become Customers In Sharia Financial Institution.
This research aims to analyze (1) the effect of religiosity toward the interest of students to become
customers in Sharia financial institutions, (2) the effect of income on the interest of students to become
customers in Sharia financial institutions, (3) the effect of the level of Islamic financial literacy the
interest of students to become customers in Sharia financial institutions, and (4) the effect of religiosity,
income, and the level of Islamic financial literacy the interest of students to become customers in Sharia
financial institutions.This research was causal research, used a purposive sampling method, and used
multiple linear regression technique. The results of this research indicate that all independent variables
have a positive effect on the dependent variable.

Keywords : The Interest of Students to Become Customers in Sharia Financial Institutions, Religiosity,
The Level of Income, The Level of Islamic Financial Literacy

Abstrak : Pengaruh Religiusitas, Tingkat Pendapatan dan Tingkat Literasi Keuangan Syariah
terhadap Minat Mahasiswa menjadi Nasabah pada Lembaga Keuangan Syariah. Penelitian ini
bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) pengaruh religiusitas terhadap minat mahasiswa menjadi
nasabah pada lembaga keuangan syariah, (2) pengaruh tingkat pendapatan terhadap
minat mahasiswa menjadi nasabah pada lembaga keuangan syariah, (3) pengaruh tingkat
literasi keuangan syariah terhadap minat mahasiswa menjadi nasabah pada lembaga
keuangan syariah, dan (4) pengaruh religiusitas, tingkat pendapatan, dan tingkat literasi
keuangan syariah terhadap minat mahasiswa menjadi nasab ah pada lembaga keuangan
syariah. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kausal, menggunakan metode purposive sampling dan
menggunakan teknik analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan
bahwa semua variabel independen berpengaruh posi tif terhadap variabel depende.

Kata kunci : Minat Mahasiswa Menjadi Nasabah Pada Lembaga Keuangan Syariah,
Religiusitas, Tingkat Pendapatan dan Tingkat Literasi Keuangan Syariah

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PROBLEM BACKGROUND is at 29.5%, but when viewed from the

In 1992, Sharia Finacial Institutions sector, the Islamic banking literacy index
in Indonesia began to develop marked by shows the highest number compared to
the establishment of Bank Muamalat other sectors. The following is the Islamic
Indonesia (BMI) initiated by the Indonesian Financial Literacy Index based on the
Ulema Council (MUI) and the Government financial services sector.
of Indonesia. The government then Research in Malaysia was conducted
amended Law No. 7 of 1992 into Law No. by Bley & Kuehn (2004) and Hamid
10 of 1998 stating that Conventional Banks &Nordin (2001) also shows that almost
may operate based on sharia principles by 100% of the Muslim population is aware of
opening a Sharia Business Unit (UUS). The the existence of a Sharia Bank, but only
Indonesian government follows the steps of 27.3% have completely gotten the
Malaysia which first implemented the dual difference between conventional banks and
banking system in 1983. In 2015, Dhani Islamic banks. The low intention to become
Gunawan Idat, Director of Research, a customer in sharia financial institutions is
Development, Arrangement, and Licensing because Islamic banks are still classified as
of OJK Sharia Banking said that the total newcomers in this country and have not
sharia banking customers were still smaller been able to complete the shortcomings in
than the total conventional banking conventional institutions, besides academic
customers namely 15-20%. This shows that activists need to provide education about
the development of Sharia Finacial Islamic financial literacy so that our society
Institutions in Indonesia is still lagging is literate sharia financial institutions
behind, even though 85% of the population (Lahsasna, 2016).
in Indonesia is Muslim (Badan Pusat There are many factors that influence
Statistik, 2016). someone's interest to become customers in
The results of National Financial Sharia Finacial Institutions, especially
Literacy and Inclusion Survey 2016 shows Islamic banks. A person's interest in
that the Indonesian Islamic financial becoming a customer in Sharia Finacial
literacy index is at 8.1%, the meaning is Institutions can arise from within
every 100 residents in Indonesia, only 8 are themselves or from the social environment.
aware of the Islamic financial services According to Crow in Rouf (2011), there
industry. This fact is lower than the are 3 main factors forming interest, namely
conventional financial literacy indexwhich factors from within a person, social motive

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factors, and emotional factors. The factor savings, and vice versa if someone's income
from within a person is the desire of is low savings are also low. In addition to
someone who arises because of physical religiosity and income, the level of Islamic
needs that must be met, if someone becomes finance literacy also affects a person to have
a customer in a sharia financial institution a relationship with Islamic banks, this is
because he needs and considers it important supported by Abdullah and Anderson
then he will do it. The social motive factor (2015).
is the need to get recognition from the Religiosity is devotion to religion.
environment, if a person has an According to Glock & Stark in Ancok
environment that is predominantly a (2011), said that there are five dimensions
customer of a sharia financial institution, in religiosity, namely ideological,
that person will become a customer in a ritualistic, experimental, intellectual, and
sharia financial institution to be accepted by consequential dimensions. From the five
his environment. Whereas emotional dimensions will get a different level of
factors are related to feelings or emotions religiosity. The emergence of Islamic banks
where activities carried out by someone as one of the products of Sharia Finacial
bring more attention and feel happy. In- Institutions is due to the strong
person factors that influence someone's encouragement of religious beliefs both
interest in becoming a customer in sharia textually and historically, where religion is
financial institutions are supported by believed to discuss life and worldly
previous research which found that management issues including managing
religious factors (religiosity) were the main banks and how to transact (Antonio: 1999).
factor in choosing Islamic banks (Hegazy, The low level of religiosity causes the low
1995; Metwally, 1996). Another factor that interest of the community to become
affects is income. According to Kotler customers in Islamic banks, and vice versa.
(2009), consumer behavior is influenced by If someone has a high level of religiosity,
personal factors such as age, life cycle that person will commit in carrying out the
stage, lifestyle, and income. Income has an teachings of the religion they adhere to,
influence on a person's behavior in saving including in economic activities. This is
because saving is part of the income that is supported by the research of Yousseef &
not consumed (Ernita, et. Al., 2013), so Kortam (2015) that religiosity has an
researchers suspect that if someone's impact on one's decision to become a
income is high it will affect the amount of customer in sharia financial institutions,

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especially Islamic banks. Thus religiosity later. Students will be faced with economic
should have a large role in the interest of the choices, so students must have skills in
community to become customers in Sharia managing their finances. According to
Finacial Institutions. research conducted by Abdullah
Another factor that affects someone &Anderson (2015) and Ford & Kent
to have a relationship with Islamic banks is (2010), the level of Islamic financial
the level of Islamic financial literacy. literacy at the age of students is classified as
According to Huston(2010) explains that low. This is also supported by research by
financial literacy includes awareness and Margareta&Pambudhi (2015) which shows
knowledge of financial instruments and that the level of student financial literacy is
their applications in business and life so that 48.91% in the low category. Interest in
Islamic financial literacy can be said as becoming a customer in sharia financial
awareness and knowledge of financial institutions is one form of decision that can
instruments and their applications in be taken by students, but there are still some
business and life according to the teachings obstacles that cause students not to use
Islam. Based on research conducted by Islamic banks because each student has
Abdullah &Anderson (2015) and Purnomo their own characteristics, such as
& Rosidah (2016), the level of Islamic differences in the level of religiosity,
finance literacy affects a person to have a differences in income, and literacy level
relationship with Sharia Finacial Islamic finance.
Institutions, especially being a customer in If students become one of the targets
Islamic banks. The research conducted by in the Indonesian National Financial
Herdianti (2018) also supported that the Literacy Strategy (SNLKI), researchers are
level of Islamic financial literacy influences also interested in researching students as the
a person to have a relationship with a sharia object of this research by making
financial institution, the relationship in this Yogyakarta State University (UNY) and
case is to become a customer. The study Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University
used students to become research samples. (UIN) as a place of research. Yogyakarta
Students become one of the target State University (UNY) and the State
targets in the Indonesian National Financial Islamic University (UIN) Sunan Kalijaga
Literacy Strategy (SNLKI), with the hope Yogyakarta are State Universities in
that students can become good suppliers of Yogyakarta. However, the State Islamic
information about Islamic financial literacy University (UIN) of Sunan Kalijaga

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Yogyakarta is a religious-based university. to test the hypothesis that has been set. The
This difference is then interesting to study quantitative research method is a research
and be associated with the aspects of approach that is based on the philosophy of
religiosity and the level of Islamic finance positivism, which is a school of philosophy
literacy. There is a general perception that that states natural science as the only source
religious-based universities will have of true knowledge, knows no speculation,
students with high levels of religious and all are based on empirical data.
finance and literacy. Research data in the form of numbers and
Based on the description of the data analysis using statistics (Sugiyono,
background above, the researcher was 2015).
interested in conducting research entitled Place and Time Research
"The Effect of Religiosity, The Level of This research will be conducted at
Income, and Level of Islamic Financial Yogyakarta State University (UNY) and
Literacy Toward The Interest Of Student Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta State Islamic
To Become Customers In Sharia University (UIN). The time for conducting
Financial Institution” this research is September 2018 - February
2019.
RESEARCH METHOD Research Subject
Type of Research The population in this research were
The types of research used in this S1 Economics students in UNY and UIN.
research are causal-comparative research. The technique used in sampling in this
Comparative causal research is a type of study is by using a purposive sampling
research that seeks to determine the cause technique with several criteria and there are
and effect relationship between the 193 students were collected in this research.
dependent variables independently and test Techniques and Instruments Data
the existing hypothesis. The purpose of this Collection
study was to determine the effect of The data used in this study are
religiosity, the level of income, and the primary data. The technique used to collect
level of Islamic financial literacy on the data in this study uses an online
interest of students to become customers in questionnaire that is packed with Google
Sharia Finacial Institution. Based on the form features. The questionnaire is a way of
data used, this research is included in collecting data by giving a set of written
quantitative research, where this research is questionnaires to respondents to answer

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(Sugiyono, 2015). The online questionnaire Validity is a measure of an

contains a statement regarding the instrument that aims to test the validity of
religiosity, income, and level of Islamic the instrument. A valid instrument means
financial literacy. A research instrument is that the measuring instrument used to
a tool used to measure social and natural obtain data (measure) can be used to
phenomena observed (Sugiyono, 2015). measure what should be measured
The research instrument used in this study (Sugiyono, 2015). To test the validity of the
was a closed questionnaire, so respondents research instrument can use the SPSS
only needed to provide a checklist (√) on the version 20 with the product moment
alternative answers provided. correlation technique from Pearson with the
The measurement of each variable provision that if the value of r count >rtable
in this study uses a Likert scale with points value then the statement item is declared
1 to 4. The Likert scale is used to measure valid and if r count <r table, the measuring
attitudes, opinions, and perceptions of a instrument is invalid. (Umar, 2011). Based
person or group of people about phenomena on the calculation results, it is known that
or social symptoms (Riduan & Sunarto, for the religiosity questionnaire there are 15
2009). items of questions, there are 17 questions of
In the online questionnaire the Islamic financial literacy level
interest of students to become customers in questionnaire, and there are 10 items of
sharia financial institutions, this study uses interest in becoming customers in sharia
a questionnaire developed by Lucas and financial institutions. After the validity test,
Britt (2003) and has been used by there were 2 question items which were
Maghfiroh (2018), to measure the level of dropped from the religiosity questionnaire
religiosity, using five dimensions revealed and 1 item was dropped from the interest
by Glock and Stark, which has been adapted questionnaire to become a customer in
from Yudhistira (2016), to measure the sharia financial institutions.
level of income, this study uses four Instrument reliability testing shows
dimensions that have been used in the extent to which the instrument can
Maghfiroh (2018), while measuring the provide consistent measurement results if
level of Islamic financial literacy using measurements are made repeatedly.
measurements proposed by Antara, et. Al., Measurement of reliability is measured
(2016). using alpha Cronbach's formula, with SPSS
Validity and Reliability of Instruments

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version 20. Provisions for calculating the Islamic 0,618 0,85 Linear
Financial
reliability of the instrument are as follows:: Literacy
1. If r count> r table, then the measuring Table 2. Linearity Test
instrument is reliable Based on the table results of the
2. If r count <r table, then the measuring linearity test above it is known that all
instrument is not reliable variables X have a linear relationship with
Based on the results of the reliability the variable Y.
test, the results obtained that the instrument
of religiosity questionnaire, the level of 3) Multicollinearity Test
Islamic financial literacy, and the interest of Variable Tolerance VIF Explanati
on
students to become customers in Sharia Religiosity 0,626 1,598 There is
(X1) no
Finacial Institutions are reliable.
multicolli
nearity
Income 0,881 1,135 There is
RESULT AND DISCUSSION (X2) no
Data Analysis Techniques multicolli
nearity
1) Normality Test Islamic 0,577 1,732 There is
Financial no
Variable Signific Asym. Explan
Literacy multicolli
ant Sig. ation
nearity
(2taile
d) Table 3. Multicollinearity Test
Unstandar 0,05 0,134 Normal Based on the table above, it is known
dized
residual that the tolerance value of all independent
Table 1. Normality test variables has a value of more than 0.10 and
Based on the table of results of the the VIF value of all independent variables
normality test data above, the Asymp value has a value of less than 10.0. This means
is obtained Sig (2 tailed) of 0.134. This that there is no correlation between the
value is more than the value of α (0.05) so independent variables in the regression
that it can be concluded that the data in this model or that there is no multicollinearity in
study are normally distributed the regression model.
2) Linearity Test
Variable F F table Explanation
Religiosity 1.627 1.68 Linear
(X1)
Income 1.055 1.48 Linear
(X2)

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4) Heteroscedasticity Test Based on the regression equation, it

can be seen that:
1) The coefficient regression value of
Religiosity is 0.310, it can be seen that
if the value of Raligiosity increase by 1
point, then the Income and Islamic
Financial Literacy are considered
Figure 1. Heteroscedasity test constant, the Interest Of Student To
Based on the Scatterplots graph Become Customers In Sharia Financial
above, it can be seen that the points Institution variable will increase by
spread and did not form a clear pattern. 0.310 points.The significance value of
So that it can be concluded that there is the Religiosity variable has a value of
no heteroscedasticity 0.000 smaller than 0.05, it can be
concluded that the Religiosity variable
Result of Hypothesis has a positive effect on Student Interest
Information Regression Coefficient Sig. as a Customer in Sharia Finacial
Constant 9.695 0.001
Institutions, so H1 is accepted.
X1 0.310 0.000
X2 3.959 0.022 2) The coefficient regression value of the
X3 0.406 0.011 level of Income is 3.959, it can be seen
R Square = 0.272 that if the value of Income increase by
F = 23.535
1 point, then the Religiosity and
Sig. F = 0.000
Islamic Financial Literacy are

From the results of the Multiple considered constant, the Interest Of

Linear Regression test above, the value of R Student To Become Customers In

Square is 0.272 which means that as much Sharia Financial Institution variable

as 27.2% Interest Students become will increase by 3.959 points. The

customers in Sharia Finacial Institutions are significance value of the income

influenced by Religiosity, the level of variable has a value of 0.022 smaller

Income and Islamic Financial Literacy than 0.05, it can be concluded that the

Level and as much as 72.8% are influenced income variable has a positive effect on

by other factors. The hypothesis test student interest in being a customer at

equation can be written as follows: the Sharia Finacial Institution, so H2 is

Y = 9.695 + 0.310X1 + 3.959X2 + 0.406X3 accepted.

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3) The coefficient regression value of Discussion

Islamic Financial Literacy is 0.406, it Results of the first hypothesis in this
can be seen that if the value of Islamic research indicate that Religiosity has
Financial Literacy increase by 1 point, positive affect toward The Interest Of
then the Religiosity and Income are Student To Become Customers In Sharia
considered constant, the Interest Of Financial Institution. The results supporting
Student To Become Customers In to the results of Hegazy (1995), Metwally
Sharia Financial Institution variable (1996), Hamid and Nordin (2001), Youseef
will increase by 0.406 points. The and Kortam (2015) and Masruroh (2015).
significance value of the Financial Someone who has a high level of religiosity
Literacy Level variable has a value of will have a lifestyle in accordance with his
0.011 bigger than 0.05, it can be religious teachings. Religiosity is not only
concluded that the variable level of about worship but various other aspects of
Islamic Financial Literacy has a life such as how to manage finances well, so
positive effect on Student Interest as a that religiosity can have a positive effect on
Customer in Financial Institutions students' interest in becoming customers in
Sharia, so H3 is accepted. sharia financial institutions.
4) The constant value is 9.695, it shows Results of the second hypothesis in
that Religiosity, the level of Income this research indicate that Income has
and Islamic Financial Literacy are positive affect toward The Interest Of
considered constant, then the Interest Student To Become Customers In Sharia
Of Student To Become Customers In Financial Institution. The results supporting
Sharia Financial Institution value is to the results of Masruroh (2015) and
9.695 point. From the multiple linear Maghfiroh (2018) who stating that
regression table, it is known that the Religiosity has positive affect toward The
significance value has a value of 0,000 Interest Of Student To Become Customers
smaller than 0.05, it can be concluded In Sharia Financial Institution. Students
that the variables of Religiosity, the have different sources of income such as
level of Income and Level of Islamic money from their parent, scholarships,
Financial Literacy simultaneously have business, and so on. Thus, students have
a positive effect on Interest Of Student their own decisions to manage their finance,
To Become Customers In Sharia one of the decisions that can be made by
Financial Institution, so H4 is accepted. students is to become customers in Sharia

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Finacial Institutions, so that income has a the value of Raligiosity increase by 1

positive effect on the interest of students to point, then the Income and Islamic
become customers in Sharia Finacial Financial Literacy are considered
Institutions constant, the Interest Of Student To
Results of the third hypothesis in Become Customers In Sharia Financial
this research indicate that Islamic Financial Institution variable will increase by
Literacy has a positive affect toward The 0.310 points.
Interest Of Student To Become Customers 2) The Level of Income has a positive affect
In Sharia Financial Institution. These toward The Interest Of Student To
results of the research are support the results Become Customers In Sharia Financial
of Hung et. al (2009); Glaser and Weber Institution. This is indicated by the
(2007), Jafar and Musa (2013), it found that significance value of 0.022 (0.022 <
the financial literacy will influence a person 0.05). The coefficient regression value of
in performing a behavior. Income is 3.959, it can be seen that if the
Results of the fourth hypothesis in this value of Income increase by 1 point, then
research indicate that Religiosity, the level the Religiosity and Islamic Financial
of Income, and Level of Islamic Financial Literacy are considered constant, the
Literacy simultaneously has positive affect Interest Of Student To Become
toward The Interest Of Student To Become Customers In Sharia Financial
Customers In Sharia Financial Institution Institution variable will increase by
3.959 points.
CLOSING 3) Islamic Financial Literacy has a positive
Conclusions affect toward The Interest Of Student To
Based on the results and discussion Become Customers In Sharia Financial
in the previous chapter can be concluded as Institution. This is indicated by the
follows: significance value of 0.011 (0.011 <
1) Religiosity has a positive affect toward 0.05). The coefficient regression value of
The Interest Of Student To Become Islamic Financial Literacy is 0.406, it
Customers In Sharia Financial can be seen that if the value of Islamic
Institution. This is indicated by the Financial Literacy increase by 1 point,
significance value of 0.000 (0.000 < then the Religiosity and Income are
0.05). The coefficient regression value of considered constant, the Interest Of
Religiosity is 0.310, it can be seen that if Student To Become Customers In Sharia

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Financial Institution variable will channeling good information about

increase by 0.406 points. Islamic financial literacy later.
4) Religiosity, The Level of Income, and
Level of Islamic Financial Literacy has 2) For Academics
positive affect toward The Interest Of Need to improve the quality of
Student To Become Customers In Sharia student sharia financial literacy knowledge
Financial Institution. This is indicated by so that one of the targets in the OJK
the significance value 0.000 (0.000 < National Financial Literacy Strategy
0.05), , and R2 is 0.272 which shows that (SNLKI) is reached
27.20% is influenced by the three
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