Scribd
Upload
88 views39 pages

Informatics 2

Primary sources are original materials from the time period being studied that have not been interpreted by others. They include scientific journals, monographs, published conference proceedings, and more. Primary sources should be consulted for the latest medical recommendations, adverse drug events, or new drug uses. Secondary sources interpret and evaluate primary sources, and include review articles, bibliographies, and commentaries. Tertiary sources distill and collect information from primary and secondary sources, summarizing established data without reporting new research findings, and may be useful for basic information on topics.

Uploaded by

Lynette Evangelista
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
88 views39 pages

Informatics 2

Primary sources are original materials from the time period being studied that have not been interpreted by others. They include scientific journals, monographs, published conference proceedings, and more. Primary sources should be consulted for the latest medical recommendations, adverse drug events, or new drug uses. Secondary sources interpret and evaluate primary sources, and include review articles, bibliographies, and commentaries. Tertiary sources distill and collect information from primary and secondary sources, summarizing established data without reporting new research findings, and may be useful for basic information on topics.

Uploaded by

Lynette Evangelista
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 39

Sources of

Information
Primary Sources

– Original materials
– From the time period involved and have not been
filtered through interpretation or evaluation
– Original materials on which other researches are based
on
– Presents original thinking, report a discovery, or share
new information
Primary Sources

– Consists of scientific journals (e.g. The New England


Journal of Medicine, Circulation and JAMA)
– Monographs
– Published conference proceedings
– Symposia
Primary Sources

– Should be consulted when:


– making recommendations concerning the optimal therapy
for medical conditions
– When searching for recent reports of adverse events or
drug interaction
– When looking for information about new or investigational
drug or uses
Examples of Primary Sources
Artifacts

– Coins, plant specimens, fossils, clothing


Audio recordings
Diaries
Internet communications on
email
Interviews

– Oral, telephone
Journal Articles
Letters
Newspaper articles written at
the time
Original documents

– Birth certificate, will, marriage license


Patents
Photographs
Proceedings of Meetings
Records of organizations or
government agencies
– Treaty, constitution, government document
Speeches
Survey Research

– Market surveys
Video recordings

– Television programs
Works of art, architecture,
literature, and music
– Paintings, sculptures, buildings
Secondary Sources

– Less easily defined than primary sources


– Interpretations and evaluation of primary sources
– They are not evidence, but rather commentary on and
discussion of evidence
– However, what some define as a secondary source,
others define as a tertiary source
Secondary Sources

– Used to identify and locate primary and other resources


– Used to refer to sources that summarize or synthesize
primary literature sources such as review articles
Secondary Sources

– Should be used:
– when extensive or detailed information is needed
– When a topic is new enough that is it not likely to be included in
standard reference sources
– When newly published data are needed to augment older
information
– When most recent information concerning a topic is required
– To efficiently locate primary literature when needed
Examples of Secondary Sources

– Items with * may be considered as tertiary

– PubMed, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts and Web of


Science
Bibliographies*
Commentaries, criticisms
Secondary Sources
ADVANTAGES
1. Many are readily available in the internet
2. They are current and up-to-date
3. The best way to identify relevant primary literature
sources
Secondary Sources
DISADVANTAGES
1. Difficult / time-consuming
2. Costly or require training on their use
Tertiary Sources

– Consist of information which is a distillation and


collection of primary and secondary sources
– Summarized, condensed or described information from
primary and other established data
– Not used to report new, original research findings
Tertiary Sources

– May be the best means of starting a learning process


such as basic information required on topics in
pharmacotherapeutics, toxicology or drug interaction
Examples of Tertiary Sources
Almanacs
Dictionaries and Encyclopedias
Directories
Guidebooks and Handbooks
Manuals
Textbooks

You might also like