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Number System

The document discusses different number systems including decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal. It explains that each system has a base or radix (such as 10 for decimal, 2 for binary) and numbers range from 0 to one less than the radix. Each digit position in a number has a place value that is a power of the radix. Numbers can be converted between systems using this place value approach.

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Santosh Kumar Deval
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243 views4 pages

Number System

The document discusses different number systems including decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal. It explains that each system has a base or radix (such as 10 for decimal, 2 for binary) and numbers range from 0 to one less than the radix. Each digit position in a number has a place value that is a power of the radix. Numbers can be converted between systems using this place value approach.

Uploaded by

Santosh Kumar Deval
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Number system

Number system
If base or radix of a number system is ‘r’, then the numbers present in that number system are
ranging from zero to r-1. The total numbers present in that number system is ‘r’. So, we will get
various number systems, by choosing the values of radix as greater than or equal to two.

In this chapter, let us discuss about the popular number systems and how to represent a
number in the respective number system. The following number systems are the most
commonly used.

 Decimal Number system

 Binary Number system

 Octal Number system

 Hexadecimal Number system

Decimal Number System


The base or radix of Decimal number system is 10. So, the numbers ranging from 0 to 9 are
used in this number system. The part of the number that lies to the left of the decimal point is
known as integer part. Similarly, the part of the number that lies to the right of the decimal point
is known as fractional part.

In this number system, the successive positions to the left of the decimal point having weights
of 100, 101, 102, 103 and so on. Similarly, the successive positions to the right of the decimal
point having weights of 10 -1, 10-2, 10-3and so on. That means, each position has specific weight,
which is power of base 10

Example
Consider the decimal number 1358.246. Integer part of this number is 1358 and fractional part
of this number is 0.246. The digits 8, 5, 3 and 1 have weights of 100, 101, 10 2 and
103 respectively. Similarly, the digits 2, 4 and 6 have weights of 10 -1, 10-2 and 10-3 respectively.

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Number system

Mathematically, we can write it as

1358.246 = (1 × 103) + (3 × 102) + (5 × 101) + (8 × 100) + (2 × 10-1) +

(4 × 10-2) + (6 × 10-3)

After simplifying the right hand side terms, we will get the decimal number, which is on left
hand side.

Binary Number System


All digital circuits and systems use this binary number system. The base or radix of this number
system is 2. So, the numbers 0 and 1 are used in this number system.

The part of the number, which lies to the left of the binary point is known as integer part.
Similarly, the part of the number, which lies to the right of the binary point is known as
fractional part.

In this number system, the successive positions to the left of the binary point having weights of
20, 21, 22, 23 and so on. Similarly, the successive positions to the right of the binary point having
weights of 2-1, 2-2, 2-3 and so on. That means, each position has specific weight, which is power
of base 2.

Example
Consider the binary number 1101.011. Integer part of this number is 1101 and fractional part
of this number is 0.011. The digits 1, 0, 1 and 1 of integer part have weights of 2 0, 21, 22,
23 respectively. Similarly, the digits 0, 1 and 1 of fractional part have weights of 2 -1, 2-2, 2-
3
respectively.

Mathematically, we can write it as

1101.011 = (1 × 23) + (1 × 22) + (0 × 21) + (1 × 20) + (0 × 2-1) +

(1 × 2-2) + (1 × 2-3)

After simplifying the right hand side terms, we will get a decimal number, which is an
equivalent of binary number on left hand side.

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Number system

Octal Number System


The base or radix of octal number system is 8. So, the numbers ranging from 0 to 7 are used in
this number system. The part of the number that lies to the left of the octal point is known as
integer part. Similarly, the part of the number that lies to the right of the octal point is known as
fractional part.

In this number system, the successive positions to the left of the octal point having weights of
80, 81, 82, 83 and so on. Similarly, the successive positions to the right of the octal point having
weights of 8-1, 8-2, 8-3 and so on. That means, each position has specific weight, which is power
of base 8.

Example
Consider the octal number 1457.236. Integer part of this number is 1457 and fractional part of
this number is 0.236. The digits 7, 5, 4 and 1 have weights of 8 0, 81, 82 and 83 respectively.
Similarly, the digits 2, 3 and 6 have weights of 8-1, 8-2, 8-3 respectively.

Mathematically, we can write it as

1457.236 = (1 × 83) + (4 × 82) + (5 × 81) + (7 × 80) + (2 × 8-1) +

(3 × 8-2) + (6 × 8-3)

After simplifying the right hand side terms, we will get a decimal number, which is an
equivalent of octal number on left hand side.

Hexadecimal Number System

The base or radix of Hexa-decimal number system is 16. So, the numbers ranging from 0 to 9
and the letters from A to F are used in this number system. The decimal equivalent of Hexa-
decimal digits from A to F are 10 to 15.

The part of the number, which lies to the left of the hexadecimal point is known as integer part.
Similarly, the part of the number, which lies to the right of the Hexa-decimal point is known as
fractional part.

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Number system

In this number system, the successive positions to the left of the Hexa-decimal point having
weights of 160, 161, 162, 163 and so on. Similarly, the successive positions to the right of the
Hexa-decimal point having weights of 16 -1, 16-2, 16-3 and so on. That means, each position has
specific weight, which is power of base 16.

Example
Consider the Hexa-decimal number 1A05.2C4. Integer part of this number is 1A05 and
fractional part of this number is 0.2C4. The digits 5, 0, A and 1 have weights of 16 0, 161,
162 and 163 respectively. Similarly, the digits 2, C and 4 have weights of 16 -1, 16-2 and 16-
3
respectively.

Mathematically, we can write it as

1A05.2C4 = (1 × 163) + (10 × 162) + (0 × 161) + (5 × 160) + (2 × 16-1) + (12 × 16-2) + (4 × 16-3)

After simplifying the right hand side terms, we will get a decimal number, which is an
equivalent of Hexa-decimal number on left hand side.

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