Volume 5, Issue 4, April – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Microcontroller based Smart Crop Protection

System to Detect Fire and Animals
Premjyoti G Patil1, Professor B. Pavan2, Student
Electronics & Communication Engineering Department Electronics & Communication Engineering
Nagarjuna college of engineering & Technology Bengaluru, Nagarjuna College of Engineering and Technology Bengaluru,
India India

B. Praveen Kumar3, B. Siva Sai Reddy4,

Student Electronics & Communication Engineering Student Electronics & Communication Engineering
Nagarjuna College of Engineering and Technology Bengaluru, Nagarjuna College of Engineering and Technology Bengaluru,
India India

M. Sandeep Kumar5,
Student Electronics & Communication Engineering
Nagarjuna College of Engineering and Technology Bengaluru, India

Abstract:- The problem of wild animal attacks on crop is used to prevent the entry of animals into the farm. It
fields i.e. crop vandalization is becoming a very sends an alert message to the owner of the farm. By using
common phenomenon in all states. Animals cause a lot this system we can avoid losses to the farmer.
of damage to crops either by running over them or
eating them and vandalizing them completely. This The designed project is a high level security system to
leads to poor yield of crops. These animals attack on protect the farm.
fruit orchards and destroy the flowerings and fruits. In
both cases, this leads to significant financial loss to the II. RELATED WORK
farmers and orchard owners. The problem is so
pronounced that sometimes farmers decide to leave the  In First Paper.
area barren. It is not possible for farmers to barricade Sneha Nahatkar. In the proposed project is developed
entire fields or stay on field 24 hours and guard it. with a low cost security system. It consists of passive
infrared sensor and smoke sensor. It sense the signal
In this project we are designing automatic crop generated by the PIR sensor and it transmits the data to
protection system from animals and fire. This is the microcontroller. It also consists of siren. The smoke sensor
smart system using microcontroller. This system uses a detects the fire and it will turn the DC motor On.
motion sensor to detect wild animals approaching near Automatically, it also consists of GSM module which is
the field and smoke sensor to detect the fire. In such a used to detect the location of the field [1]
case the sensor will take action to give loud scary siren
sound which make animals not to enter into the farm as  In second Paper.
well as sends SMS to the farmer. So, that farmer may T. Gayathri, this proposed system is an agriculturist
know about the issue and come to the spot in case the using wireless sensor network that is facing lot of
animals don’t turn away by the alarm. If there is a difficulties in the production of farmland. The
smoke then with the help of GSM module it will send microcontroller consists of 2 LDR sensors which are
SMS to the owner and the fire department. The interfaced. It also consists of humidity sensor which will
proposed work also includes GPS device which sends read the moisture level in the corn field. If the moisture
location of the field to the fire department. level is decreased, then it will switch on the DC motor
automatically to pump the water into the field. [2] Salha
Keywords:- Radio Frequency Identification technology. M.Alzahrani’s sensing for the “Internet of Things and is
Applications”. Which gives the understanding of the IoT
I. INTRODUCTION concept, components and its applications. In which the
technology that allows the different things to communicate
Nowadays the economy of many countries is through the Internet and understanding the both. To process
dependent upon agriculture. Agriculture is the backbone of the collected data from the various sensors and taking the
the country. It produces several raw materials for industries actions on those IOT uses the Artificial Intelligence
to meet the requirements of the people. Because of the technology [3].
animals interference and fire the agriculture lands are
getting spoiled. This leads to huge loss to the owner of the S,R.Choury P.A.Amale, N.B. Bhawakar’s “IoT based
farm. And the farmers are deciding to leave the area barren. wireless sensor networks for prevention of crop from wild
To overcome this problem we are proposing a animals”. Which provides the security for only users
microcontroller based smart crop protection system. Which forming lands. That is the system is detect the presence of

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Volume 5, Issue 4, April – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
wild animals that are near the forming land which has of the affordable processes and is a major concern in this
defect in taking the precautions because in case animals project.
present near the form then it’s difficult take the immediate
actions on them [4]. This would save the precious crop and prevent
starvation of the animals, thus help maintaining ecological
In our project, we are using PIR and Smoke sensors balance. The nodes in the neighborhood of the attack zone
along with microcontroller. By using GSM module, we will at the boundary will be activated by the central node and all
send an alert message to the field owner. The newly added other nodes in safe area are set in sleep mode in order to
feature to this proposed system is to detect the animals save power. Laboratory level system testing was conducted
during night times also. The smoke sensor is also using animal robot. The trajectory of this Arduino based
implemented to detect the smoke and fire and to animal robot was changed through a software program. The
immediately switch on the DC motor. It pumps the water to laboratory level trials of this system have been successful.
the field. For farmers living far away from the fields this Such system can be installed easily and can be cost
proposed system is very useful [5]. effective if planned appropriately.

III. METHODOLOGY This system will reduce the extra guarding load on the
farmers to a major extent and can save their crops to
After the literature study on the crop protection enhance the overall yields. Finally, this research work has
against bird and animal attack and simulation of tools the attained the baseline of the development and application of
next task was development of different gadgets for this different crop security techniques showcasing the proof-of
application. For the development of the Perimeter control concept. There is still a scope of modifications in the crop
system, the first and prior most segment was Intruder protection systems in order to reach the sustainability of the
detection system. Various components were used to build system with respect to easy handling, cost effectiveness and
an intruder detection system. Opto-interrupter circuit was reliability of these systems.
built to form an Intruder detection system. Different opto-
interrupter circuit was built using various components such IV. WORKING
as PIR sensor, IR transmitter- Receiver and Laser source
and detector pair. The performance of these opto- In this proposed project, Microcontroller Based Smart
interrupters was studied in the laboratory and suitable Crop Protection System to Detect Animals and Fire. We
option was used in the Perimeter Control System. The will use our project in field crop areas. We are using smoke
perimeter control system uses Intruder detection circuit and sensor which detects the smoke in the crop area and sends
deterring devices such as Light flashers and Sound busters. current data to microcontroller and the motor will get
This system was tested in the Laboratory for its activated automatically and pump the water to stop the fire.
effectiveness using animal robot. The field trials of this Microcontroller Block is used for reading the inputs from
Perimeter control system were carried out at a test field PIR and Smoke sensor. The entire process is controlled by
selected near Saswad (Pune, Maharashtra, India). Initially the microcontroller. The GSM module and GPS device is
the system had few technical issues which appeared after used for sending SMS to owner and the fire department
the installation of the system on the field. However, the when smoke is detected it turns ON the motor to pump the
problems were identified and rectified so as to resume its water to the field.
functioning till the date.
To implement this project, we are using PIC
A wireless sensor network based perimeter control microcontroller. In this we have more flash memory for
system is developed which uses sensor nodes detection the project operation. When the object is detected the GSM
presence of an intruder in the field by analysing their module will send a message to the owner of the farm and it
trajectory and diverting them out of the field by activating will be seen on the 16X2 LCD display.
the siren sound as per the requirement on the field.
The PIR sensor that detects the animals that are
In our project we are using microcontroller block for entering into the crop area and sends the data to the
reading the inputs from PIR sensor and smoke sensor. The microcontroller which intern triggers the circuit to send a
PIR sensor that detects the animals that are entering into the message through GSM module to the owner of the farm.
crop area and sends the data to microcontroller which intern
triggers the circuit to send a message through GSM module 8MHz crystal is used to provide the required clock for
to the owner of the farm. The GSM module and GPS device the PIC 16F877A microcontroller. 22pF capacitors are used
is used for sending the SMS to the owner and the fire to stabilize the oscillation of the crystal. The first pin of
department when smoke is detected, it turns on the motor to the microcontroller (MCLR) is the Reset pin (stands for
pump the water into the field. Memory Clear) which is tied to VDD since it is an active
low input. LEDs are connected to PORTB via 470Ω
It is always difficult to send data during night times resistors to limit current through them.
when farmers are away from the field. This system is very
useful to reduce manual activities. Designing the
microcontroller based smart crop protection system is one

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Volume 5, Issue 4, April – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
IN1 and IN2 are connected to RB0 and RB1 of PIC project will help farmers in protecting their orchards and
Microcontroller respectively which are used to provide fields and save them from significant financial losses and
control signal to the DC Motor. DC Motor is connected to will save them from the unproductive efforts that they
OUT1 and urgent attention as no effective solution exists endure for the protection their fields. This will also help
till date for this problem. Thus, this project carries a great them in achieving better crop yields thus leading to their
social relevance as it aims to address this problem. This economic wellbeing.

Fig 1

V. CONCLUSION [3]. Salha M.Alzahrani’s sensing for the “Internet of

Things and is Applications (IEEE)”. On Future
The problem of crop vandalization by wild animals Internet of Things and Cloud Workshops 5th
and fire has become a major social problem in current time. International Conference 2017.
It requires OUT2 of the L293D. By connecting the EN pin [4]. S,R.Choury P.A.Amale, N.B. Bhawakar’s “IoT based
to a PWM pin of a PIC Microcontroller, the speed of the wireless sensor networks for prevention of crop from
motor can be controlled. wild animals”`IEEE Zonal Seminar “Recent Trends in
Engineering & Technology” 2017.
REFERENCES [5]. Pooja G,Mohmad Umair Bagali “A smart farm land
using microcontroller based crop vandalization
[1]. Ms. Sneha Nahatkar, Prof. Avinash Gaur, Prof. prevention and intrusion detection system”(IEEE).
Tareek M. Pattewa “Design of a Home Embedded
Surveillance System with Pyroelectric Infrared Sensor
& Ultra-Low Alert Power” International Journal of
Advanced Research in Electronics and
Communication Engineering (IEEE) Volume: 1, Issue
3, September 2012.
[2]. T.Gayathri, S.Ragul, S.Sudharshanan, Corn farmland
monitoring using wireless sensor network,
International Research Journal of Engineering and
Technology (IEEE), e- ISSN: 2395-0056, Volume: 02
Issue: 08, November 2015.

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