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Chapter 2.3

The document discusses single sideband (SSB) communication systems, including how SSB improves on conventional AM by transmitting only one sideband to conserve bandwidth and power. It examines the components of SSB transmitters and receivers, and modulation techniques like balanced modulators. Frequency division multiplexing is also covered as a method to efficiently combine multiple SSB signals on the same channel.

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Ah Kim
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58 views39 pages

Chapter 2.3

The document discusses single sideband (SSB) communication systems, including how SSB improves on conventional AM by transmitting only one sideband to conserve bandwidth and power. It examines the components of SSB transmitters and receivers, and modulation techniques like balanced modulators. Frequency division multiplexing is also covered as a method to efficiently combine multiple SSB signals on the same channel.

Uploaded by

Ah Kim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DENT 2543:

Chapter 2 – SSB (Single Side-


band) Communication System
OUTLINE

▪ Conventional AM DSB
▪ The SSB
▪ Comparison of AM DSB and SSB
▪ Advantages and disadvantages of SSB transmission
▪ Operation of SSB modulator
▪ SSB transmitter and receiver
▪ SSB and Freq Div Multiplexing (FDM)
CONVENTIONAL AM DSB

▪ Conventional AM → AM DSB FC = AM Double Side Band


Full Carrier
▪3 elements in AM band: Carrier, LSB, USB

fm LSB USB
fc f
AM DSB FC

▪ BW → two side band → LSB & USB -> contains same info.
▪ Power → Pc = 2/3 total transmitted power
Pusb = Plsb = 1/6 total transmitted power
• Any disadvantages?
CONVENTIONAL AM DSB

▪ BW → two side band → LSB and USB → contains same


information. ← inefficient

▪ Power → PC = 2/3 total transmitter power.


PUSB = PLSB = 1/6 total transmitter power.

PSB 1/ 3
▪ Efficiency=  = 33.3% ← inefficient
PTot (1 / 3)  (2 / 3)
.: conventional AM → have 2 inherent disadvantages :
a. inefficiency BW and
b. inefficiency in Power
CONVENTIONAL AM DSB

fm LSB USB
AM DSB FC
fc f

▪ Is the AM DSB FC can be improve?


YES
→ modern electronic comm. → single side band
THE SSB

▪ Recognized in 1923
▪ Various type of SSB
▪ AM SSB FC
▪ AM SSB SC (Suppressed Carrier)
▪ AM SSB RC (Reduced Carrier)
▪ AM Independent side band
▪ AM Vestigial

▪ SSB → conserve Power


BW
Both
COMPARISON OF AM DSB AND SSB

▪ Comparison → have a look at Power and BW

▪ AM SSB Reduced Carrier


▪ The voltage carrier reduced to 10%
▪ Transmitted power almost the same Pusb
COMPARISON OF AM DSB AND SSB

▪ Carrier modulated by 2 different signal = stereo modulation, reduce


power carrier. Conserve BW and power

▪ Transmit carrier, one full side band and part of other side band
▪ Lower freq of signal → transmit double side → benefit 100%
modulation
▪ High freq of signal → transmit single side→ benefit 50% modulation
▪ Used in television broadcast signal system
Comparison of Freq Spectra & Power Distribution for
Conventional AM and Several SSB Systems

▪ a)conventional DSB FC AM; b) full-carrier single sideband;


c) suppressed-carrier single sideband
Comparison of Freq Spectra & Power Distribution for
Conventional AM and Several SSB Systems

▪ d)reduced-carrier single sideband; e) independent


sideband; f) vestigial sideband
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF SSB
TRANSMISSION

Advantages Disadvantages
1. Power conservation 1. Complex receiver
a) Reduce carrier power , reduce Need carrier recovery synch circuits
side band power → Reduce total a) Expensive
power → efficiency increase b) Bigger size
2. BW conservation
a) Decrease BW = decrease noise 2. Tuning difficulties
power a) Need accurate
b) Can put more channel in b) Expensive
spectrum
3. Selective fading
a) decrease side band and
suppressed carrier = decrease
transmission impairment →
quality increase
4. Noise reduction → S/N increase
Comparison of SSB and AM DSB FC on Power and BW

AM SSB SC AM DSB FC Improvement


Total 0.5 Pc 1.5 Pc (1.5/0.5)
Power = 3 = 4.8 dB
Bandwidth 1 fm 2 fm 2/1=2
(BW) = 3 dB
Total Improvement 7.8 dB
Example

▪ Question:

You are given


vi(t) = modulating signal
vc(t) = unmodulated signal
Write Mathematical expression:
a. VAM(t) for AM DSB FC
b. VAM(t) for AM DSB SC
Example

▪Solution:
Mathematical expression
Vi(t) = Em sin (2πfmt)
Vc(t) = Ec sin (2πfct)

• AM DSB FC
VAM(t) = Ec sin(2 fct) +
½(Ec.m)[ - cos (2 (fc + fm)t) + cos (2 (fc - fm)t)]

• AM SSB SC
 VAM(t) = ½(Ec.m)[ - cos (2 (fc + fm)t) ]
Comparison of AM Transmission Systems Waveform
Comparison of AM Transmission Systems Waveform

▪ SSB FC waveform, 100% modulation

▪ SSB SC waveform
OPERATION OF SSB MODULATOR

▪ How to generate SSB signal?


▪ Is it same with generating AM DSB signal ?

→ Use AM Modulator?
SSB Signal Generation

▪ By using SSB modulator


Balanced Ring Modulator Balanced Bridge Modulator
Balanced Ring Modulator

a) Schematic diagram; b) D1 and D2 biased on; c) D3 and D4


biased on
Balanced Bridge Modulator

a) Schematic diagram; b) Diodes biased off; c) diodes biased


on; d) output waveform
SSB TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER

▪ Classification of SSB Transmitter


SSB Transmitter:
• Filter Method
• Single conversion (one time filtering)
• Three conversion (three times filtering)
• Phase Shift Method (one of the signal is phase shifted)
▪ Classification of SSB Receiver
SSB Receiver:
• SSB BFO (Beat Frequency Oscillator) receiver
• Non coherent
• Coherent
• SSB Envelope Detection receiver
SSB Transmitter
Example

• Question:
Given the spectrum side band and BPF below.
Determine the specification required of it’s BPF (fcut off low,
fcut off high, BW and Q)
Example

▪ Solution:

From figure, we see


fcut off low = 22.1 MHz, fcut off high = 22.105 MHz
BW = fcut off high – fcut off low = 22.105 – 22.1 = 5 kHz
Q = fc/B, fc = (fcut off high + fcut off low)/2 = 22.1025 MHz
22.1025
∴𝑄= ≈ 4000 This BPF (big Q) is
0.005 difficult to make
SSB Transmitter – Filter Method (Single Conversion)

▪ Have disadvantages
▪ BW = fixed; Q increases rapidly with fc
▪ Direct filtering only an option at lower carrier frequencies

▪ How to improve?
use three times filtering = three conversion, with using
small Q BPF
SSB Transmitter – Filter Method (Three Conversion)
Filter Method with Three Conversion
SSB Transmitter – Phase Shift Method

▪ Also known as Direct Method


SSB Transmitter – Phase Shift Method

▪ Mathematically, we can express the output as:


SSB Receiver – Non Coherent BFO
SSB Receiver – Coherent BFO
SSB Receiver – Envelope Detection
Comparison SSB BFO Coherent/Non Coherent &
Envelope Detection Receiver

BFO BFO Non Envelope


Item
Coherent Coherent Detection
? ? ? ?
? ? ? ?
? ? ? ?
SSB AND FREQ DIV MULTIPLEXING (FDM)

▪ Multiplexing
▪ isa way of sending multiple signals or streams of
information over a communications link at the same time in
the form of a single, complex signal
▪ Demultiplexing
▪ the receiver recovers the separate signals
▪ FDM (Frequency Division Multiplexing) is an analog method
of combining two or more analog sources that originally
occupied the same frequency band in such a manner that
the channel do not interfere with each other
▪ Efficient in link usage
With or Without Multiplexing
SSB SC FDM System: Block Diagram
SSB SC FDM System: Output Frequency Spectrum
Example

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