Page #2 A, AN, THE. When to use them and which one to use.

Ei, A, I, Ay, I, Ou, O, UΛ.

Vowels in English = A, E, I, O, U.

Cuando la palabra esta en singular y no es un determinado, y se empieza con sonido vocal debes
usar, An antes de la palabra.

Aur anest
Por ejemplo; An hour, An honest man. La palabra se empieza con el sonido vocal, entonces se
pone an antes de la palabra. Otros son más fácil como; An apple, An English man, An idea, An oger,
An umbrella.( An idea, An aydia) (An English man, An Inglish man)

Si la palabra se empieza con consonante O el sonido consonante debes usar A antes la palabra Por
ejemplo; A book, A month, A car, (A unicorn, ei iunicorn) La palabra se empieza con el sonido (iu)
entonces debis que uso (A)

Si el palabra es un determinado debes usar The = él, la, los, las. The store = la tienda. The park = el
parque. The wherehouse = la bodega. O es un lugar O cosa espesifico

A and An are used for non specific nouns, “The” is used for specific nouns

Ei iunicorn. An ancl. Ei jaus. An aur . An eilianeited man.

A unicorn. An uncle. A house. An Hour. An alienated man.

1. I like the blue T-shirt over there better than the red one.

2. Their car does 150 miles an hour.
3. Where's the USB drive I lent you last week?
4. Do you still live in x Bristol?
5. Is your mother working in an old office building?
6. Carol's father works as an electrician.
7. The tomatoes are 99 pence a kilo.
8. What do you usually have for x breakfast?
9. Ben has a terrible headache.
10. After this tour you have the whole afternoon free to explore the city.
A) Complete the following exercise with a / an or the. Leave blank if no article
is needed. 

the x x

According to   National Weather Service,   cyclones are   

the

areas of circulating winds that rotate counterclockwise in   Northern 

the

Hemisphere and clockwise in   Southern Hemisphere. They are generally

accompanied by some kind of   precipitation and by   stormy 

x x x

weather.   tornadoes and   hurricanes are   types of 

x x the

cyclones, as are   typhoons, which are   storms that occur in   

western Pacific Ocean. 

A a x

 hurricane is   cyclone that forms over   tropical oceans and 

x an A

seas and has   winds of at least seventy-four miles   hour.   

the an a x

hurricane rotates in   shape of   oval or   circle.   

x x

hurricanes can cause   great environmental damage.   Hurricane 

 the

Andrew, which hit   coasts of Louisiana and southern Florida in August 

x x

1992, caused   extreme devastation. In terms of   environmental 

x the

damage,   Hurricane Andrew is one of   most devastating hurricanes 

the x

ever to hit   United States. Fourteen people died because of   

CLASES DE INGLES ( native teacher)

Andrew's effects. 

(ei bi si di) (pronunciación)

--A B C D-- --deletrear en inglés--
=Traducción en español=
(i ef yi)
--E F G--

(eich ay yei kei)

--H I J K--

(elemenoupi)
(el em en ou Pi)
--L M N O P--

(kiu) ar es)
--Q R S--

(ti iu vi)
--T U V--

(dobol-iu exx)
--W X--

(uay and zzi)

--Y AND Z--

(and nau ay nou may ei bi sis)

AND NOW I KNOW MY A B Cs
=Y ahora yo conozco mi abecedario=

(Wont iu com and sing uith mi)

--Won’t you come and sing with me--
=No vendrías a cantar conmigo=

JAMES D. WELCH
933-120-5208
$100 POR HORA
POR CLASES DE INGLES

Page #3
I= yo =am, first person singular
Primera persona singular

You= tu =are, second person singular

Usted segunda persona singular
Ustedes y plural

Third person singular He/she/it =el/ella/ello

The dog = el perro
Tercera persona singular is
The car = el carro
The house = la casa
 They = ellos
Third person plural are my parents=mis padres
Tercera persona the dogs = los perros
The cars 0 los carros

First person plural we

are nosotros
primera persona plural
( JELOU JAOU AR IU) (PRONUNCIACION EN INGLES)
J—HELLO, HOW ARE YOU? -- DELETREAR EN INGLES--
= HOLA, ¿COMO ESTAS? =TRADUCCION EN ESPAÑOL=

( AIM FAIN, AND IU) (PRONUNCIACION EN INGLES)

UST --I’M FINE, AND YOU? -- DELETREAR EN INGLES--
= YO ESTOY BIEN, ¿Y TU? =TRADUCCION EN ESPAÑOL=

( AIM FAIN TU) (MAI NEIM IS YEIMS UATS IOR NEIM)

J—I’M FINE, TOO, MY NAME IS JAMES, WHAT´S YOUR NAME?
=YO ESTOY BIEN TAMBIEN, MI NOMBRE ES JAMES, ¿CUÁL ES TU NOMBRE?

( MAI NEIMS ……. UEIR AR IU FROM) (PRONUNCIACION EN

INGLES)
--UTS --MY NAME’S …….. WHERE ARE YOU FROM?-- -- DELETREAR EN INGLES--
= MI NOMBRE ES …. ¿DE DONDE ERES?= =TRADUCCION EN
ESPAÑOL=

AIM FROM OREGON, UEIR AR IU FROM (PRONUNCIACION EN

INGLES)
J--I’M FROM OREGON, WHERE ARE YOU FROM?-- -- DELETREAR EN INGLES--
= YO SOY DE OREGON, ¿DE DONDE ERES?= =TRADUCCION EN
ESPAÑOL=

( AIM FROM MEXICO) (PRONUNCIACION EN INGLES)

UST – I’M FROM MEXICO-- -- DELETREAR EN INGLES--
= YO SOY DE MEXICO= =TRADUCCION EN ESPAÑOL=

( IT UAS NAIS MITING IU) (PRONUNCIACION EN INGLES)

J – IT WAS NICE MEETING YOU-- -- DELETREAR EN INGLES--
= FUE UN PLACER CONOCERTE= =TRADUCCION EN ESPAÑOL=

( IT UAS NAIS MITING IU TU, GUDBAI) (PRONUNCIACION EN

INGLES)
UST-- IT WAS NICE MEETING YOU TOO, GODBYE-- -- DELETREAR EN INGLES--
=FUE UN PLACER CONOCERTE TAMBIEN, ADIOS= =TRADUCCION EN
ESPAÑOL=

( SI IU LEITER) (PRONUNCIACION EN
INGLES)
J--SEE YOU LATER-- -- DELETREAR EN INGLES--
= HASTA LUEGO= =TRADUCCION EN
ESPAÑOL=

What is a verb?
¿Qué es un verbo?
What is a verb in action?
¿Qué es un verbo en acción?

Verb without action Verb in action

Verbo sin acción Verbo en acción
Add ing
Adición endo, ando, iendo

Walk=caminar  Walk + ing

Caminando
   
Run=correr Runnig
  Corriendo
   
Jump=saltar Jumping
   Saltando
   
Hunt=cazar Hunting
  cazando
   
Sleep=dormir Sleeping
   durmiendo
Eat=comer Eating
   Comiendo 
Read=leer Reading
leyendo

What is a noun
Qué es un sustantivo
A noun is a person, place or thing.
Un sustantivo es una persona, lugar O cosa.

Singular o Plural

Person Place Thing

Persona Lugar Cosa
Teacher Home=hogar Car=carro
Maestro    
  Store= tienda Cars= carros
Friend    
Amigo Park= parque Book= libro
     
My mother Mexico= México Chair= silla
Mi madre    
  Drugstore= farmacia Bed= cama
Your uncle  
Tu tío Hospital 0 hospital
   
i=yo Office= oficina
You=tu
He/she/it=el/ella/ello
You=ustedes
We/nosotros
They/ellos
My parents=mis padres
ge#1 #1 Pronunciation Rules

Long Vowel Rules in Words

Vocal larga Reglas de Palabras

Short Vowel Rules in Words

Reglas de vocales cortas en palabras

I before GH
I antes de GH

1-1-1 rule CVC

Y with a long I sound

Y con un largo sueno de (ai)

Y with a long E sound

Y con un sonido largo de E (í)

Exceptions

Last vowel long if stressed

Words with "CIOUS" (sh sound)

 Variations of "ough" and "augh"in

words - silent and F sound

By learning English Vowel Rules, you will recognize when a vowel sound changes.

Long Vowels: VCV = vowel consonant vowel (ate) =(aít)

Long Vowels: VVC =vowel vowel consonant (eat)=(ít)

Short Vowels: CVC = consonant vowel consonant (cat) [One syllable]

Las vocales corta: CVC = consonante vocal consonante ( cat ) [ Una sílaba ] como (at) en
ingles

LONG VOWELS in one-syllable words

Las vocales largas en palabras de una sílaba

1. Rule: VCV Vowel Consonant Vowel

When a one-syllable word has one consonant between two vowels, the first vowel
is long and the second is silent (VCV) Cuando una palabra de una sola sílaba
tiene una consonante entre dos vocales , la primera vocal es larga y la segunda es
silenciosa ( VCV ) )

The silent vowel at the end of the word is a signal that the first vowel is long.
La vocal silenciosa al final de la palabra es una señal de que la primera vocal es larga.

Examples: ate, lake, cake, make, kite, bite, cute, flute, save, shave, shake, rake, whale, white, ripe,
gripe, stripe, grape, tape, shave, gave, ice, wise,rice, brave, and so on.

[There are exceptions such as live, give, have, said, olive*]

[ Hay excepciones, como en vivo , dar, tienen , dijo , de oliva * ]

#2 2. Rule: VVC Vowel Vowel Consonant

Usually, when a word has two vowels together, the first is long and the second is silent.
Remember this little saying: "When two vowels go walking, the first one does the talking."
Por lo general, cuando una palabra tiene dos vocales juntas, la primera es larga y la
segunda está en silencio. Recuerde que este pequeño refrán: " Cuando dos vocales van a
pie, el primero de ellos es quien habla. "
Examples of words where the first vowel is long and the second is silent:
Ejemplos de palabras , donde la primera vocal es larga y la segunda es silenciosa.

oat, eat, meat, float, boat, coat, doe, meet, feel, reel, real, steel, steal, deal, jail, reap, heap, cheap,
steep, sheep, keep, jail, blue, lie, tie

(Exceptions: said, does,) ( Excepciones : dicho , hace, )

3. Rule: Letter "I" before an H or GH is long in one-syllable words.

3. Regla : La letra " I" antes de que una H o GH es larga en palabras de una sílaba. (Sonido largo
(ai)

Examples: sign, consignment, sigh, high, thigh, night, fight, fright, light,might,light, blight, sight,
tight, alight,

Note:

However, when the word sign changes to signature, the "i" has a short sound because the vowel is
followed by two consonants sig na ture CVCC (short vowel rules)

4. Rule: second vowel is not long in 3-syllable words ending in VCV unless the stress is on the third
syllable.

Examples: stress on first syllable =last vowel is not long:

EStimate, apPROXimate, INfinite, MALice, CHAlice, ACcurte

(Pronounced estimit approximit, infinit)

When the Stress is on last syllable, the vowel is long as in the following words:

prorATE, adjudiCATE, elongATE, estimATE , divINE

Long I Sounds

5. The Letter "Y" has a long I sound, (like in "MY") in one-syllable words ending in Y, and also when
a word ends in "Y" and the stress is on the "Y."

Examples: my, try, fly, shy, cry, rely, mystify, justify, nullify, deny,

6. EY or YE has a Long I sound in: eye, geyser, rye, dye, Meyer

UY has a Long I sound in: buy, guy

7. German Words and names: English Long I sound in words with EI: kein, nein, Reinhardt, mein,
8. The Letter Y has a LONG I sound in one-syllable words such as "MY," and in two-syllable words if
the stress is on the Y - such as in "NYlon and deNY" and is between two consonants (VCV)

#3 Other examples are:

byte, by, fly, my, cry, sty, sky, fry, try, justify, mystify, radify, comply, rely, beautify, PYlon,

Multiply, satisfy, edify.

9. The Letter Y has a long E sound as in "baby" when it is at the end of the word, and it is not
stressed.

pony, baby, silly, jelly, bully, Tony, bony, sunny, funny, bunny, stormy

10. The Letter Y has a short I sound in words such as "Odyssey" (CVCC)

11. EA as in "wear" has a LONG A sound as in the word "dare". Examples: wear,
*tear (heteronym), swear, bear.
11. EA como en "desgaste" tiene una larga Un sonido como en la palabra " se atreven "
. Ejemplos: desgaste, desgarro * ( heterónimo ) , jure, el oso .

Note: "tear" has a long E sound when used as a noun: "Her eyes were full of tears."

12. EI as in "sleigh" has a LONG A when followed by silent "GH": Examples: neighbor, weigh, neigh,

13. AY has a long A sound: bays, days, lays, may,slay, tray, crayola, clay.
13. AY tiene un largo sonido( Ei) : bahías , días , establece , puede, mata , bandeja ,
Crayola , arcilla .

NOTE: Exception = The word "SAYS" is pronounced "SEZ"

14. Letter Y has three sounds and functions both as a consonant and vowel sounds.

Y = Consonant

Usually, if a word begins with a "Y," then the Y has the sound as in Yellow. Examples: Yell, year,
yam,

York, yard, yoke, yolk,

Y=Vowel (long I) End of one-syllable words and words where the Y is stressed: fly, my, sky, deny,
rely, villify, mystify,justify.

Y=Vowel (long E) End of words where the Y is not stressed: baby, stormy, comely, jelly

Y=Vowel (short I) Odyssey

Words with EW combinations have a Long U sound as in the word "new"

Examples: knew, blew, stew, grew, drew, brew. slew, few, flew

DOUBLE OO SOUNDS

Short OO sound as in: cook, book, took, shook

Long OO sound as in: boot, shoot, hoot, moot, root,

Words with OUGH and AUGH:With the exceptions of enough, tough,rough,

and laugh, the GH is silent in words. No particular rule applies to how words
with "ough" are pronounced. You just have to memorize the sounds.
Palabras con OUGH y augh : Con la excepción de lo suficiente , duro, áspero , y la risa ,
la GH es silenciosa en palabras. No hay ninguna regla especial se aplica a cómo las
palabras con " ough " son pronunciadas . Sólo tienes que memorizar los sonidos.

#4 1. OU has a short U sound and the GH make an "f' sound:

# 4 1. OU tiene un sonido corto U y el GH crea un sonido "f":

enough ( í nuf) suficiente

tough (tuf) dura

rough (ruf) bruto

Laugh (laf) reír

2. GH is silent and OU has a long U sound:

2. GH es silencioso y tiene un sonido OU larga T:

through (rhymes with threw) a través de (rima con tiró)

3. GH isSilent and OU has a Long O sound:

3. GH es silencioso y OU tiene un sonido largo O:

Although. aunque

Though. aunque

Dough. masa
4. GH is silent and OU has an OW sound and rhymes with the word "now:" Bough.
4. GH es silencioso y tiene un sonido OU OW y la rima con la palabra "ahora:" Rama

5. GH is silent and OU has an "AW" sound as in law, saw:

5. GH es silenciosa, y ha tenido un sonido "AW" como en el derecho, la sierra:

Thought (Pensamiento). bought (compró). ought(debería)

6. GH is silent in the word: daughter.

6. GH es silenciosa en la palabra: hija

S H O R T V O W E L S O U N D S Words with the letters EA.

CVVC = CONSONANT VOWEL VOWEL CONSONANT

CVVC = Short Vowel Sounds

In some words, the rule of "when two vowels go walking, the first one does the talking" does not
apply. All the following have Short E sounds as in the word "bed":

bread, sweat, lead, read, dread, stead

Note: when the EA is changed to EE, the E is long:

breed, sweet, reed, steed

SHORT VOWEL SOUND

CVC = Consonant Vowel Consonant

The vowels are short in one-syllable words with one vowel between two consonants. Examples:
Las vocales son cortas en palabras de una sílaba con una vocal entre dos consonantes. Ejemplos:

cat, 1. hat, 2. bad, 3. rat, 4. sad, 5. Bat, 6. map, 7. must, 8. Gum, 9. gun, 10. drum, 11. slum, 12. slid,
13. hit, 14. bit, 15. did, 16. stop, 17. top, 18. mop, 19. bed, 20. led, 21. sled, 22. red.
gato, 1. sombrero, 2. malo, 3. rata, 4. triste, 5. Bate, 6. mapa, 7. obligada, 8. Gum, 9. arma, 10.
tambor, 11. barrio pobre, 12. diapositiva, 13. golpe, 14. bits, 15. lo hicieron, 16. parada, 17.
superior, 18. fregona, 19. cama, 20. lED, 21. trineo, 22. roja.

#5 CVCC Consonant Vowel Consonant Consonant

Vowels are short if followed by double consonants: back, tuck, month,

Las vocales son cortas si es seguido por consonantes dobles: espalda, abdomen, mes,
Note: The long I sound in the word SIGN changes to short I sound in SIGNATURE (sig na ture)
Nota: El tiempo me sonido de la palabra cambia de signo a corto sueno de firma (firma)

The long I sound in the word FINITE changes to short I in INFINITE (in fi nite)
El largo sueno en la palabra cambios finitos para corta que en INFINITO (infinita)

R-controlled vowels: It's important to remember that when pronouncing words with ar, er, ir, ur,
and or, to not pronounce the vowel separate from the R.
las vocales controladas por la r: Es importante recordar que al pronunciar las palabras con ar, er,
ir, ur, y, o, de no pronunciar la vocal independiente de la R.

OR, IR, UR is pronounced between a short "IR and ER" in words such as work, world, *worm,
word, girl, bird, whirl, shirt, furl, hurt,
O, IR, UR es pronunciada entre un corto "IR y ER" en palabras como trabajo, mundo, * gusano,
palabra, chica, pájaro, giro, camisa, aferrar, daño,

AR: Vowel sound as in "father" in words: far, tar, mar, barley, car, scar, bard,
sonido de la vocal como en "padre" en palabras:: AR ahora, alquitrán, mar, la cebada, el coche, la
cicatriz, bardo,

AR after a W as in WAR changes to an "AWR" sound such as in: warm, *Ward,

AR después de una W como en la guerra cambia a un "RMA" sonido como por ejemplo en: cálido,
* crujía,

Note: *Worm, ward = different pronunciations.

Nota: * Gusano. ward = pronunciaciones diferentes.

1-1-1 RULE = one consonant, one vowel, one syllable words.

REGLA 1-1-1 = palabras con una consonante, palabras con una vocal, palabras de una sílaba

Double the last letter in one-syllable words with a short vowel when adding a suffix to keep the
short vowel sound. Otherwise, the vowel will be long and will be a different word. VCV = long
vowel sound CVCC = short vowel.
El doble de la última letra en palabras de una sílaba con una vocal corta al añadir un sufijo para
mantener el sonido vocal corta. De lo contrario, la vocal será largo y será una palabra diferente.
VCV = sonido vocal larga CVC = vocal corta

Different words formed if you don't double the last consonant.

Diferentes palabras formaron si no el doble de la última consonante.

grip gripping gripe griping

cut cutter cute cuter

strip stripper strip striper

scrap scrapper scrape scraper

run running

sun sunny

stop stopped

rip ripped ripe, riper

dip dipped

ship shipped

trip tripped

skip skipped

#6

Double the last letter in two -syllable words when the stress is on the last syllable and ends with a
Vowel and Consonant:

Emit emitted

remit remitted

acquit acquitted

annul annulled

Do not double the last letter when the stress is not on the last syllable:

Cancel canceled

travel traveled

marvel marveled

The Letter C sound rules

1. C has a K or hard sound if it is followed by A, O, U, and K:

cat, cash, coat, company, cut, cousin, cock, cat, cattle, coat, cold, come, cut, castle, corn, cap,neck,
delicate,bellicose, stucco, loco, lock, stuck, muck, buck, jack, sack, black.

2. The letter C will have a soft sound or S sound if it is followed by E, I.

 ceiling, cell, cement, scissors, cyst, deceive,

3. CIOUS, CIENT, CIENCE The following words are spelled with an I after a C to keep the C soft, but
the C sound changes to a "sh" sound.

If you omitted the "i" after the "c" in delicious, you would automatically pronounce the "c" like a
"k" - delicous

delicious proficient

precious conscience

suspicious

malicious

gracious

pernicious

salacious

vicious

sagacious

bodacious

#7

conscious

#4 "TURE" at the end of words is pronounced "chur" as in church:

future

nature

pasture

capture

rapture

"TION" at the end of words is pronounced either "shun" or "chun"

CH SH

mention station
caption friction

nation

action

determination

junction

option

notion

lotion

The Letter D sounds like a "J" sound when it is followed by a U.

Education

Individual

Module

Arduous

Long Vowel Rule (1): When a word has two vowel, usually the first vowel says its name and
thesecond vowel is silent.
1. Long vowel a words
mail gain bake ape paint   gray
nail main cake tape day play
pail pain lake ate hay pray
rail rain make hate lay stay
sail train rake late may stray
tail mane take date pay tray
came vane pale gate say fade
game wave sale bait way made
name save whale wait clay grade
2. Long vowel e words
sea seal fear beef wheat sheep
tea beam hear meek seem sleep
reach team near seek seen deer
 teach bean bee feel teen feet
beak mean tree heal green meet
weak heap free peel deep beet
heal leap feed hear peep greet
meal ear need meat weep key
real dear weed seat creep three
3. Long vowel i words
hide bike dime vine pie dive
ride like lime wipe tie five
side hike time pipe fire hive
tide file chime ripe hire cry
wide mile dine rise tire dry
bride pile fine wise wire fly
glide tile line size bite fry
pride smile mine prize kite try
slide while pine die white sky
4. Long vowel o words
road coat hole rope stove grow
load goat pole nose bow know
toad hoe stole rose low show
oak toe home close mow slow
soak rode bone chose row snow
foam joke cone hose tow throw
roam poke tone note blow boast
soap spoke stone vote crow roast
boat smoke hope dove flow toast
5. Long vowel u words
suite June true new chew flew
fruit tune use pew drew slew
juice prune fuse crew grew stew
cute blue dew knew screw mew
flute clue few mule threw cube
dune glue hew rule blew tube
The Long Vowel Rule (2)
Long Vowel Rule (2): If a word has one vowel and it comes at the end of the word, that word usually
has a long vowel sound.
6. Long vowel words that follow Rule 2
he we why lo yo-yo Exceptions:
me by go no be do
she my so so hi to
The Long Vowel Rule (3)
Long Vowel Rule (3): The vowel i and o have the long vowel sound when followed by two or more
consonants usually has a long vowel sound.
7. Long vowel words that follow Rule 2
child mind light old colt most
bind blind night cold colt post
find grind right fold jolt roll
hind high bright hold volt toll
 kind fight flight told both strol

Phonics, Syllable and Accent

Rules
Print this page for personal reference.

Phonics Rules

The vowels are "a,e,i,o, and u"; also sometimes "y" & "w". This also includes the diphthongs
"oi,oy,ou,ow,au,aw, oo" and many others. 
The consonants are all the other letters which stop or limit the flow of air from the throat in
speech. They are: "b,c,d,f,g,h,j,k,l,m,n,p,qu,r,s,t,v,w,x,y,z,ch,sh,th,ph,wh, ng, and gh". 

1. Sometimes the rules don't work. 

There are many exceptions in English because of the vastness of the language and the many
languages from which it has borrowed. The rules do work however, in the majority of the words. 

2. Every syllable in every word must have a vowel. 

English is a "vocal" language; Every word must have a vowel. 

3. "C" followed by "e, i or y" usually has the soft sound of "s". Examples: "cyst", "central",
and "city". 

4. "G" followed by "e, i or y" usually has the soft sound of "j". Example: "gem", "gym", and
"gist". 

5. When 2 consonants are joined together and form one new sound, they are a consonant
digraph. They count as one sound and one letter and are never separated. Examples: "ch,sh,th,ph
and wh". 

6. When a syllable ends in a consonant and has only one vowel, that vowel is short. Examples:
"fat, bed, fish, spot, luck". 

7. When a syllable ends in a silent "e", the silent "e" is a signal that the vowel in front of it is
long. Examples: "make, gene, kite, rope, and use". 

8. When a syllable has 2 vowels together, the first vowel is usually long and the second is
silent. Examples: "pain, eat, boat, res/cue, say, grow". NOTE: Diphthongs don't follow this rule;
In a diphthong, the vowels blend together to create a single new sound. The diphthongs are:
"oi,oy,ou,ow,au,aw, oo" and many others. 

9. When a syllable ends in any vowel and is the only vowel, that vowel is usually
long. Examples: "pa/per, me, I, o/pen, u/nit, and my". 

10. When a vowel is followed by an "r" in the same syllable, that vowel is "r-controlled". It is
not long nor short. "R-controlled "er,ir,and ur" often sound the same (like "er"). Examples: "term,
sir, fir, fur, far, for, su/gar, or/der". 

Basic Syllable Rules

1. To find the number of syllables: 

---count the vowels in the word, 
---subtract any silent vowels, (like the silent "e" at the end of a word or the second vowel when
two vowels a together in a syllable) 
---subtract one vowel from every diphthong, (diphthongs only count as one vowel sound.) 
---the number of vowels sounds left is the same as the number of syllables. 
The number of syllables that you hear when you pronounce a word is the same as the number of
vowels sounds heard. For example: 
The word "came" has 2 vowels, but the "e" is silent, leaving one vowel sound andone syllable. 
The word "outside" has 4 vowels, but the "e" is silent and the "ou" is a diphthong which counts as
only one sound, so this word has only two vowels sounds and therefore, two syllables. 

2. Divide between two middle consonants. 

Split up words that have two middle consonants. For example: 
hap/pen, bas/ket, let/ter, sup/per, din/ner, and Den/nis. The only exceptions are the consonant
digraphs. Never split up consonant digraphs as they really represent only one sound. The
exceptions are "th", "sh", "ph", "th", "ch", and "wh". 
 3. Usually divide before a single middle consonant. 
When there is only one syllable, you usually divide in front of it, as in: 
"o/pen", "i/tem", "e/vil", and "re/port". The only exceptions are those times when the first
syllable has an obvious short sound, as in "cab/in". 

4. Divide before the consonant before an "-le" syllable. 

When you have a word that has the old-style spelling in which the "-le" sounds like "-el", divide
before the consonant before the "-le". For example: "a/ble", "fum/ble", "rub/ble"
"mum/ble" and "this/tle". The only exception to this are "ckle" words like "tick/le". 

5. Divide off any compound words, prefixes, suffixes and roots which have vowel sounds. 
Split off the parts of compound words like "sports/car" and "house/boat". Divide off prefixes such
at "un/happy", "pre/paid", or "re/write". Also divide off suffixes as in the words "farm/er",
"teach/er", "hope/less" and "care/ful". In the word "stop/ping", the suffix is actually "-ping"
because this word follows the rule that when you add "-ing" to a word with one syllable, you
double the last consonant and add the "-ing".

Accent Rules

When a word has more than one syllable, one of the syllables is always a little louder than the
others. The syllable with the louder stress is the accented syllable. It may seem that the placement
of accents in words is often random or accidental, but these are some rules that usually work. 

1. Accents are often on the first syllable. Examples: ba'/sic, pro'/gram. 

2. In words that have suffixes or prefixes, the accent is usually on the main root word. Examples:
box'/es, un/tie'. 

3. If de-, re-, ex-, in-,po-, pro-, or a- is the first syllable in a word, it is usually not accented.
Examples: de/lay', ex/plore'. 

4. Two vowel letters together in the last syllable of a word often indicates an accented last
syllable. Examples: com/plain', con/ceal'. 

5. When there are two like consonant letters within a word, the syllable before the double
consonants is usually accented. Examples: be/gin'/ner, let'/ter. 

6. The accent is usually on the syllable before the suffixes -ion, ity, -ic, -ical, -ian, -ial, or -ious,
and on the second syllable before the suffix -ate. Examples: af/fec/ta'/tion, dif/fer/en'/ti/ate. 

7. In words of three or more syllables, one of the first two syllables is usually accented. Examples:
ac'/ci/dent, de/ter'/mine

Some Pronunciation Rules for English Words

I. How "Y" is pronounced in an English
word.

"Y" is pronounced either as [ai] or [i:].

1. In a one-syllable word, "y" is pronounced

as [ai].

my by fly shy try cry

fry sky 

2. In a two-syllable word, "y" is pronounced

as [i:].

party puppy candy bunny funny pony

turkey happy cherry tiny penny city
baby

II. How "C" is pronounced in an English

word.
"C" is pronounced either as [s] or [k].
city country cider circle 

1. When "C" is followed by "E" or "Y," it is

pronounced [s].

cent cell cellar center ice

Cycle cyclone cypress

2. When "C" is followed by "o", "u" "a," it is

pronounced as [k].

country cold 
cup cut curb 
can cat cap
couple computer

The city has cement.

The country has corn.
We cycle in the city and drive our car in the
country. 
III. How "G" is pronounced in an English
word.

1. When "G" is followed by "E," "I," or "Y,"

it is pronounced as [ʤ]
gem giant gym george

2. When "G" is followed by "U," or "A," it is

pronounced as [Ʌ], or [ӕ].
gum gun gap gas garden

Gorgeous George
Wagon danger strangle stranger

IV. Pronunciation of vowel letters.

1. Long "a" and short "a"

e.g. cap - cape

-at cat bat hat rat fat sat 

-ad sad had bad mad 
-ag bag wag rag tag 
-an can fan ran pan 
-am ram ham jam yam 
-ap map nap tap 

If "E" is at the end of the word, "A" is

pronounced as a long vowel.
gate take rake base race face wave cage

ending in "r"
car jar tar far 

2. Long "i" and short "i"

-id lid kid did bid

-ig pig rig big dig wig 
-in pin tin bin fin win 
-ip lip rip dip hip tip 
-it hit sit pit fit kit 

If "E" is at the end of the word, "I" is

pronounced as a long vowel.
kite bike vine ride dime
3. Long "o" and short "o"

-og dog log fog jog hog 

-op pop hop top mop 
-ot hot got pot not 
-ob sob cob mob job

If "E" is at the end of the word, "O" is

pronounced as a long vowel.
rose hope pole

4. Long "u" and short "u"

-ut nut cut hut rut up cup put cup pup 

-ub cub tub cub tub 
-us bus
-un bun fun sun run
-ug bug tug mug hug

If "E" is at the end of the word, "O" is

pronounced as a long vowel.
tune cube cute

INTRODUCTION

The simple present tense is one of the most common tenses in English. This page
will explain the rules for forming the tense with regular verbs.

INTRODUCCION.

El tiempo presente es uno de los tiempos verbales más comunes en ingles. En

esta página se explican las reglas para formar el tiempo de los verbos regulares.

1. Forming the simple present tense.

 There are only two basic forms for the simple present tense; one ends with –s and
the other doesn’t. here are the rules, using the example verb “sing”.

1. La formación del tiempo presente.

Solo hay dos formas básicas para el tiempo presente, uno termina con –s y el otro
no lo hace. Aquí están las reglas, utilizando el verbo “cantar”.

SUBJECT VERB FORM EXAMPLE

I SIMPLE FORM I sing

YOU SIMPLE FORM You sing

HE SIMPLE FORM + S He sings

SHE SIMPLE FORM + S She sings

IT SIMPLE FORM + S It sings

The bird
THE BIRD SIMPLE FORM + S
sings
WE SIMPLE FORM We sing

THEY SIMPLE FORM They sing

The birds
THE BIRDS SIMPLE FORM
sing

In other words, only third person singular subjects (he, she and it ) have to have a
verb with –s.

En otras palabras, sólo las materias de la tercera persona del singular (él, ella y él)
tiene que tener un verbo con – S.

With most verbs, the third person singular form is created simply by adding – S.
however, with some verbs, you need to add – ES or change the ending a little.
Here are the rules.
Con la mayoría de los verbos, la forma de tercera persona del singular se crea
simplemente añadiendo – S. Sin embargo, con los verbos, es necesario añadir –
ES o cambiar el final un poco. Estas son las reglas:

(he passes) la (ese) hay esta en el verbo.

(he doesn’t pass) la (ese) de tercera persona ahi esta en la
palabra (doesn’t)
(does he pass?) la (ese) de tercera persona hay esta en la
palabra (does)
Verbo que termina en. Como lo Hacer la tercera persona singular ejemplo
VERB ENDING IN… HOW TO MAKE THE 3RD PERSON SINGULAR EXAMPLE

S ADD – ES HE PASSES
SHE
Z ADD – ES
WALTZES
SHE
SH ADD – ES
WISHES
HE
CH ADD – ES
WATCHES
X ADD – ES SHE MIXES

CONSONANT + Y CHANGE Y TO I, THEN ADD – ES

IT FLIES
CONSONANTE + Y CAMBIA LA Y A I, Y AGREGA –ES

(ANYTHING ELSE) ADD – S

HE SINGS
CUALQUIER OTRO AGREGA –S
Affirmative negative interrogative

Ay pass ay dont pass du ay pass pronunciation

I pass. i don’t pass. Do I pass? English
Yo paso. yo no paso. ¿paso yo? Spanish

iu pass iu don’t pass du iu pass

You pass you don’t pass do you pass?
Tú pasas tu no pasas ¿pasas tu?

Shi pases shi dasnt pass das shi pass

She passes. She doesn’t pass does she pass?
Ella pasa Ella no pasa ¿pasa ella?
Ji pases ji dasnt pass das ji pass
He passes he doesn’t pass Does he pass?
El pasa el no pasa. ¿pasa el?

It pases it dasnt pass das it pass

It passes it doesn’t pass. Does it pass
Eso pasa eso no pasa. ¿pasa eso?

ui pass ui dont pass du ui pass

We pass we don’t pass do we pass?
Nosotros pasamos Nosotros no pasamos ¿ Nosotros pasamos?

Thei pass thei don’t pass du Thei pass

They pass they don’t pass do They pass?
Ellos pasan Ellos no pasan ¿Ellos pasan?

Affirmative negative interrogative

Ay ualts Ay dont ualts du Ay ualts pronunciation

I waltz I don’t waltz do I waltz English
Yo bailo Yo no bailo ¿bailo yo? Spanish

iu ualts iu dont ualts du iu ualts

You waltz you don’t waltz do you waltz?
Tu bailas Tu no bailas ¿bailas tu?

Ji waltzes Ji dasnt waltz das Ji waltz

he waltzes he doesn’t waltz does he waltz?
El baila El no baila ¿baila el?

Shi ualtzes Shi dasnt ualtz das Shi ualtz

She waltzes She doesn’t waltz does She waltz?
Ella baila Ella no baila ¿baila ella?

It waltzes It dasnt waltz das It waltz

It waltzes It doesn’t waltz does It waltz?
Eso baila Eso no baila ¿baila eso?

Ui walts Ui dont walts du Ui walts

We waltz We don’t waltz Do we waltz?
Nosotros bailamos Nosotros no bailamos ¿bailamos nosotros?

Thei waltz Thei dont waltz Thei waltz

They waltz they don’t waltz they waltz?
Ellos bailan Ellos no bailan bailan ellos?

Affirmative negative interrogative

Ai uish ai dont du ai uish pronunciacion
I wish I don’t wish do I wish? English
Yo deseo Yo no deseo ¿deseo yo? Spanish

iu uish iu don’t uish du iu uish

You wish you don’t wish do You wish?
Tu deseas Tu no deseas ¿deseas tu?

Ji uishes Ji dasnt uish das Ji uish

He wishes He doesn’t wish does He wish?
El desea El no desea ¿desea el?
shi uishes shi dasnt uish das shii uish
She wishes She doesn’t wish does She wish?
Ella desea Ella no desea ¿Ella desea?

it uishes it dasnt uish das it uish

it wishes it doesn’t wish does it wish?
Eso desea Eso no desea ¿desea eso?

Ui wish Ui dont wish du Ui wish

We wish We don’t wish do we wish?
Nosotros deseamos Nosotros no deseamos ¿deseamos nosotros?

thei uish thei dont uish du thei uish

they wish they don’t wish do they wish?
Ellos desean Ellos no desean ¿desean ellos?

Affirmative negative interrogative

Ay uach Ay don’t uach du Ay uach

I watch I don’t watch do I watch?
Yo miro Yo no miro ¿miro yo?

iu uach iu dont uach du iu uach

You watch You don’t watch do You watch?
Tú miras Tu no miras ¿miras tu?
Shi waches Shi dasnt wach das Shi wach
She watches She doesn’t watch does She watch?
Ella mira Ella no mira ¿mira ella?

Ji waches Ji dasnt wach das Ji wach

He watches He dosnt watch does He watch?
El mira El no mira ¿mira el?

It waches It dasnt wach das It wach

It watches It doesn’t watch does It watch?
Eso mira Eso no mira ¿mira eso?

Ui wach Ui dont wach duUi wach

We watch We don’t watch do We watch?
Nosotros miramos Nosotros no miramos ¿miramos nosotros ?

Thei wach Thei dont wach du Thei wach

They watch. They don’t watch. Do they watch?
Ellos miran. Ellos no miran. ¿miran ellos?

affirmative negative interrogative

Ay mix Ay dont mix du Ay mix

I mix I don’t mix Do I mix?
Yo mezclo Yo no mezclo ¿mezclo yo?

Iu mix Iu dont mix du Iu mix

You mix You don’t mix do you mix?
Tú mezclas. Tú no mezclas. ¿mezclas tu?

Ji mixes Ji dasnt mix das Ji mix

He mixes. He doesn’t mix. Does he mix?
El mezcla. El no mezcla. ¿mezcla el?

Shi mixes Shi dasnt mix das Shi mix

She mixes. She doesn’t mix. Does she mix?
Ella mezcla. Ella no mezcla. ¿mezcla ella?

It mixes. It dasnt mix. das It mix.

It mixes. It doesn’t mix. Does It mix?
Eso mezcla. Eso no mezcla. ¿mezcla eso?

Ui mix Ui don’t mix du Ui mix

We mix. We don’t mix. Do we mix?
Nosotros mezclamos. Nosotros no mezclamos ¿ mezclamos nosotros?

Thei mix. Thei dont mix. Du thei mix.

They mix. They don’t mix. Do they mix?
Ellos mezclan. Ellos no mezclan. ¿mezclan ellos?

Affirmative negative interrogative

Ay flayi Ay dont flayi du Ay flayi

I fly. I don’t fly. Do I fly?
Yo vuelo. Yo no vuelo. ¿vuelo yo?

Iu flayi. Iu dont flayi. du Iu flayi.

You fly. You don’t fly. Do you fly?
Tú vuelas. Tú no vuelas. ¿vuelas tu?

Ji flayis ji dasnt flayi das ji flayi

He flies. He doesn’t fly Does he fly?
El vuela. El no vuela. ¿vuela el?

Shi flayis Shi dasnt flayi das Shi flayi

She flies. She doesn’t fly. Does she fly?
Ella vuela. Ella no vuela. ¿vuela ella?

It flayis it dasnt flayi das it flayi

It flies. It doesn’t fly does it fly
Eso vuela. Eso no vuela. ¿vuela eso?

Ui flayi Ui dont flayi du Ui flayi

We fly. We don’t fly. Do we fly?
Nosotros vuelamos. Nosotros no vuelamos. ¿vuelamos nosotros?

Thei flayi Thei dont flayi duThei flayi

They fly. They don’t fly. Do they fly?
Ellos vuelan Ellos no vuelan ¿vuelan ellos?

Affirmative negative interrogative

Ay sing Ay dont sing du Ay sing

I sing. I don’t sing. Do I sing?
Yo canto. Yo no canto. ¿canto yo?

Iu sing. Iu dont sing. du Iu sing.

You sing. You don’t sing. Do you sing?
Tú cantas. Tú no cantas. ¿cantas tu?
Ji sings ji dasnt sing das ji sing
He sings. He doesn’t sing. Does he sing?
El canta. El no canta. ¿canta el?

Shi sings. Shi dasnt sing. Das Shi sing.

She sings. She doesn’t sing. Does she sing?
Ella canta. Ella no canta. ¿canta ella?

It sings. It dasnt sing. Das It sing

It sings. It doesn’t sing. Does It sing?
Eso canta. Eso no canta. ¿canta eso?

Ui siing. Ui dont siing. du Ui siing.

We sing. We don’t sing. Do we sing?
Nosotros cantamos Nosotros no cantamos ¿cantamos ellos?

Thei sing thei dont sing du thei sing

They sing. They don’t sing. Do they sing?
Ellos cantan. Ellos no cantan. ¿Cantan ellos?

Simple present?
Do you sing? Yes, I do Yes, I sing No, I don’t
cantas tú? Sí, yo canto Si, yo canto No, Yo no canto

Does she sing? Yes, she does Yes, She sings No,She doesn’t
Canta ella? Si,Ella canta Si, ella canta No, ella no canta
Why don’t you fly? Because i don’t have wings.
¿ Por que tu no vuelas? Porque yo no tengo alas.

Pasado simple
did you mix? Yes, I did Yes, I mixed No, I didn’t
mezclaste Tú Si,Yo mezclé Si, Yo mezclé Yo no mezclé

Futuro simple
will you mix? Yes,I will mix Yes,I will No,I won’t mix
¿ mezclarás tu? Si,Yo mezclaré Si,Yo mezclaré No,Yo no mezclaré

Pasado-simple
Affirmative negative interrogative
Ay mixd Ay didnt mix did Ay mix
I mixed I did’t mix Did I mix?
Yo mezclé Yo no mezclé ¿mezclé yo?

Iu mixd Iu didnt mix did Iu mix

You mixed You didn’t mix did you mix?
Tú mezclaste Tú no mezclaste. ¿mezclaste Tú ?

Ji mixed Ji didnt mix did Ji mix

He mixed. He didn’t mix. Did he mix?
El mezcló El no mezcló ¿ mezcló el?

Ji mixed Ji didnt mix did Ji mix

He mixed. He didn’t mix. Did he mix?
El mezcló El no mezcló ¿ mezcló el?

Shi mixed Shi didnt mix did Shi mix

She mixed She didn’t mix. Did she mix?
Ella mezcló Ella no mezcló ¿ mezcló ella?

It mixed It didnt mix. did It mix .

It mixed It didn’t mix. Did It mix?
Eso mezcló Eso no mezcló ¿ mezcló eso?

Ui mixed Ui didn’t mix did Ui mix

We mixed We didn’t mix. Did we mix?
Nosotros mezclamos. Nosotros no mezclamos ¿ mezclamos nosotros?
Thei mixed Thei didnt mix. Did thei mix.
They mixed They didn’t mix. Did they mix?
Ellos mezclaron Ellos no mezclaron ¿ mezclaron ellos?

Futuro simple
affirmative negative interrogative

Ay wil mix Ay wont mix wil Ay mix

I will mix I won’t mix will I mix?
Yo mezclaré Yo no mezclaré ¿ mezclaré yo?

Iu wil mix Iu wont mix wil Iu mix

You will mix You won’t mix will you mix?
Tú mezclarás Tú no mezclarás ¿ mezclarás tu?

Ji wil mix Ji wont mix wil Ji mix

He will mix He won’t mix. will he mix?
El mezclará El no mezclará ¿ mezclará el?

Shi wil mix Shi wont mix wil Shi mix

She will mix She won’t mix. will she mix?
Ella mezclará Ella no mezclará ¿ mezclará ella?

It wil mix It wont mix. wil It mix.

It will mix It won’t mix. will It mix?
Eso mezclará Eso no mezclará ¿ mezclará eso?

Ui wil mix Ui won’t mix wil Ui mix

We will mix. We won’t mix. will we mix?
Nosotros mezclaremos Nosotros no mezclaremos ¿ mezclaremos nosotros?

Thei wil mix. Thei wont mix. wil thei mix.

They will mix. They won’t mix. will they mix?
Ellos mezclarán Ellos no mezclarán ¿ mezclarán ellos?
Conjugation of the Spanish verb bailar
 DANCE
Las chicas están bailando flamenco en la calle.
Read more…

Infinitive bailar

Gerund bailando

Participl Bailado, he, has, ha, han,

e hemos

I am dancing= Yo estoy bailando. I was

dancing= Yo estuve, Tu estuviste, El, Ella, Eso
estuvo, Nosostros Estuvimos, ellos estuvieron,
bailando.
(Have/has) been dancing=Estado bailando

simple Present, I dance

yo bailo

tú bailas

él; ella; usted baila

nosotros; nosotras bailamos

ellos; ellas; ustedes bailan

Preterite/simple past, I danced
yo bailé

tú bailaste

él; ella; usted bailó

nosotros; nosotras bailamos

Simple Future, I will

ellos; ellas; ustedes bailaron dance
yo bailaré

tú bailarás

él; ella; usted bailará

nosotros; nosotras bailaremos

ellos; ellas; ustedes bailarán

Form: if + Simple Present, will-Future- would If I

yo bailaría

tú bailarías

él; ella; usted bailaría

nosotros; nosotras bailaríamos

vosotros; vosotras bailaríais

ellos; ellas; ustedes bailarían

Conjugation of the Spanish verb cantar

 El cantante dominicano Juan Luis Guerra canta canciones a ritmo de
merengue y bachata.
Read more…

Infinitive cantar
Gerund cantando

Participle cantado

I am singing= Yo estoy cantando. I was

singing= Yo estuve, Tu estuviste, El, Ella, Eso
estuvo, Nosostros Estuvimos, ellos estuvieron,
cantando.

(Have/has) been singing=Estado cantando

Presente simple I sing

yo canto

tú cantas

él; ella; usted canta

nosotros; nosotras cantamos

vosotros; vosotras cantáis

ellos; ellas; ustedes cantan

pasado simple-I sang

yo canté

tú cantaste

él; ella; usted cantó

nosotros; nosotras cantamos

 vosotros; vosotras cantasteis

ellos; ellas; ustedes cantaron

simple future-I will sing

yo cantaré

tú cantarás

él; ella; usted cantará

nosotros; nosotras cantaremos

vosotros; vosotras cantaréis

ellos; ellas; ustedes cantarán

Conditional mood Form: if + Simple Present, -Future- would

yo cantaría

tú cantarías

él; ella; usted cantaría

nosotros; nosotras cantaríamos

vosotros; vosotras cantaríais

ellos; ellas; ustedes cantarían

Conjugation of the Spanish verb

mezclar
 

Infinitive mezclar

Gerund mezclando
Participle mezclado

I am mixing= Yo estoy mezclando. I was

mixing= Yo estuve, Tu estuviste, El, Ella, Eso
estuvo, Nosostros Estuvimos, ellos estuvieron,
mezclando.
(Have/has) been mixing=Estado mezclando

Presente simple
yo mezclo

tú mezclas

él; ella; usted mezcla

nosotros; nosotras mezclamos

vosotros; vosotras mezcláis

ellos; ellas; ustedes mezclan

Pasado simple-I mixed

yo mezclé

tú mezclaste
 él; ella; usted mezcló

nosotros; nosotras mezclamos

vosotros; vosotras mezclasteis

ellos; ellas; ustedes mezclaron

Future simple- I will mix

yo mezclaré

tú mezclarás

él; ella; usted mezclará

nosotros; nosotras mezclaremos

vosotros; vosotras mezclaréis

ellos; ellas; ustedes mezclarán

Form: if + Simple Present, -Future- would

yo mezclaría

tú mezclarías

él; ella; usted mezclaría

nosotros; nosotras mezclaríamos

vosotros; vosotras mezclaríais

ellos; ellas; ustedes mezclarían

Conjugation of the Spanish verb mirar
 

Infinitive mirar

Gerund mirando

Participle mirado

I am watching= Yo estoy mirando. I was

watching= Yo estuve, Tu estuviste, El, Ella, Eso
estuvo, Nosostros Estuvimos, ellos estuvieron,
mirando.

(Have/has) been watching=Estado mirando

Presente simple- I watch
yo miro

tú miras

él; ella; usted mira

nosotros; nosotras miramos

ellos; ellas; ustedes miran

Pasado simple- I watched

yo miré

tú miraste

él; ella; usted miró

 nosotros; nosotras miramos

vosotros; vosotras mirasteis

ellos; ellas; ustedes miraron

Future- I will watch

yo miraré

tú mirarás

él; ella; usted mirará

nosotros; nosotras miraremos

ellos; ellas; ustedes mirarán

Conditional mood- Form: if + Simple Present, -Future- would

yo miraría

tú mirarías

él; ella; usted miraría

nosotros; nosotras miraríamos

vosotros; vosotras miraríais

ellos; ellas; ustedes mirarían

Conjugation of the Spanish verb pasar

 

Infinitive pasar

Gerund pasando

Participle pasado
I am passing= Yo estoy pasando. I was
passing= Yo estuve, Tu estuviste, El, Ella, Eso
estuvo, Nosostros Estuvimos, ellos estuvieron,
pasando.

(Have/has) been passing=Estado pasando

Presente simple- I pass

yo paso

tú pasas

él; ella; usted pasa

nosotros; nosotras pasamos

vosotros; vosotras pasáis

ellos; ellas; ustedes pasan

Pasado simple- I passed

yo pasé

tú pasaste

él; ella; usted pasó

nosotros; nosotras pasamos

vosotros; vosotras pasasteis

ellos; ellas; ustedes pasaron

Future simple- I will pass

yo pasaré

tú pasarás
 él; ella; usted pasará

nosotros; nosotras pasaremos

vosotros; vosotras pasaréis

ellos; ellas; ustedes pasarán

Conditional mood Form: if + Simple Present, -Future- would

yo pasaría

tú pasarías

él; ella; usted pasaría

nosotros; nosotras pasaríamos

vosotros; vosotras pasaríais

ellos; ellas; ustedes pasarían

Conjugation of the Spanish verb volar

 El tiempo vuela.
Read more…

Infinitive volar

Gerund volando

Participle volado

I am flying= Yo estoy volando. I was flying= Yo

estuve, Tu estuviste, El, Ella, Eso estuvo,
Nosostros Estuvimos, ellos estuvieron, volando.
(Have/has) been flying=Estado volando
Presente simple- I fly
yo vuelo

tú vuelas

él; ella; usted vuela

nosotros; nosotras volamos

vosotros; vosotras voláis

ellos; ellas; ustedes vuelan

Pasado simple- I flew

yo volé

tú volaste

él; ella; usted voló

nosotros; nosotras volamos

vosotros; vosotras volasteis

ellos; ellas; ustedes volaron

Future simple- I will fly

yo volaré

tú volarás

él; ella; usted volará

nosotros; nosotras volaremos

vosotros; vosotras volaréis

ellos; ellas; ustedes volarán

Conditional mood Form: if + Simple Present, -Future- would

yo volaría

tú volarías

él; ella; usted volaría

nosotros; nosotras volaríamos

vosotros; vosotras volaríais

ellos; ellas; ustedes volarían

Conjugation of the Spanish verb deseo

desea

Infinitive desear

Gerund deseando
Participle deseado

I am wishing= Yo estoy deseando. I was

wishing= Yo estuve, Tu estuviste, El, Ella, Eso
estuvo, Nosostros Estuvimos, ellos estuvieron,
deseando.
(Have/has) been wishing=Estado deseando

Presente simple I wish

yo deseo

tú deseas

él; ella; usted desea

nosotros; nosotras deseamos

vosotros; vosotras deseáis

ellos; ellas; ustedes desean

Pasado simple, I wished.

yo deseé

tú deseaste
 él; ella; usted deseó

nosotros; nosotras deseamos

vosotros; vosotras deseasteis

ellos; ellas; ustedes desearon

Future simple, I will wish

yo desearé

tú desearás

él; ella; usted deseará

nosotros; nosotras desearemos

vosotros; vosotras desearéis

ellos; ellas; ustedes desearán

Form: if + Simple Present, -Future- would

yo desearía

tú desearías
él; ella; usted desearía

nosotros; nosotras desearíamos

vosotros; vosotras desearíais

ellos; ellas; ustedes desearían

Question Answer Example

What Thing What is that?
When Time When is the game?
Who Person Who do you live with?
Where Place Where do you live?
Why Reason Why are you happy?
How Directions/Feelings How are you?

STRUCTURE
WH questions in “simple present” use “do” or “be”:

WH Questions with "do"

WH   +   DO/DOES   +   SUBJECT    +   VERB
Examples:     
* Where do you work?
* When does she wake up?
* Who is your brother?   

WH Questions with "be"

WH   +   BE    +    SUBJECT
Examples:        
* Where are you from?
* Who is that man?
* When is your class?

WH Questions are similar to  YES/NO questions, but they have 

WH words at the start.

Let's look at an example:

Are you from  Canada?
* Where are you from?
Here are some example questions and answers:

* Where are you from?

* I am from Japan.

* What is your name?

* My name is Jacob.

* When do you wake up?

* I wake up at 7:30 am.
* Why are you angry?
* I am angry because, I did not pass my exam.
Pasado simple.
Why were you angry?
I was angry because, I did not pass my exam
Pasado simple.
¿Por qué estabas enojado?
Estaba enojado porque no pasé mi examen

Future tense
When will you study for the English exam?
Cuando vas a estudiar para el examen de Inglés ?
I will study tomorrow.
Voy a estudiar mañana.
Spelling of the -ed forms

spelling

The spelling of the simple past form (-ed forms)

You will learn the spelling of the simple past form (-ed form.) But before you continue the lesson
study the following examples and try to see how the verbs are spelled.

Verbs ending in a...

1. silent e 2. vowel + y 3. consonant + y 4. other forms

close = closed

die = died

phone = phoned

play = played

destroy = destroyed
show = showed

marry = married

carry = carried

study = studied visit = visited

miss = missed

watch = watched

finish = finished

fix = fixed

buzz = buzzed

The rules of the simple past tense forms:

Here are the rules:

Regular verbs ending in a silent e take /-d/ in the simple past and past participle:
Los verbos regulares que terminan en una e muda toman / -d / en el pasado simple y
participio pasado :

Example:

close=closed

Regular verbs ending in a vowel + y take /-ed/ in the simple past and past
participle:
Los verbos regulares que terminan en una toma vocal + y / ed / en el pasado simple y
participio pasado :

Example:

play=played

Regular verbs ending in a consonant + y take /-ied/ in the simple past and past participle (the y
becomes an i followed by /-ed/)
Los verbos regulares terminados en consonante + y toma / -ied / en el pasado simple y
participio pasado ( la y se convierte en un i seguido de / -ed / )
Example:

marry=married

All the other regular vebs take /-ed/ in the simple past and past participle.

Example:

visit=visited

Special cases of the -ed forms:

Follow these rules when there is a consonant after a vowel (stop, ban, open, offer...)

If there is a consonant after a stressed vowel at the end of the word, double the consonant

stop – stopped

ban - banned

swap - swapped

If the vowel is not stressed, we do not double it:

open - opened (Here the stress is on'o', not the 'e'.)

offer - offered ( Here the stress is on 'o', not the 'e'.)

In British English we double the last l even though the last vowel is not stressed. Here are some
examples:

travel - travelled

cancel - cancelled

level - levelled

marvel - marvelled
 DELETRADO EN INGLES-PRONUNCIACION-ESPAÑOL

NUMBER-namber-numero, ONE-uan-uno, TWO-tu-dos, THREE-thri-tres, FOUR-for-cuatro,

FIVE-fayv-cinco, SIX-sixs-seis, SEVEN-seven-siete, EIGHT-eit-ocho, NINE-nayn-nueve, TEN-ten-diez,

ELEVEN-ileven-once, TWELVE-tuelv-dose, THIRTEEN-ther-tiin-trese, FOURTEEN-for-tiin-catorce,

FIFTEEN-fiff-tiin-quince, SIXTEEN-sikstiin-dieciseis, SEVENTEEN-seventiin-diecisiete,
EIGHTEEN-eitiin-dieciocho, NINETEEN-nayntiin-diecinueve, TWENTY-tuentii-veinte,

TWENTY-ONE-tuentiiuan-veintiuno, TWENTY-TWO-tuentiitu-veintidos,

THIRTY-ONE-thertiiuan-treintaiuno, THIRTY-TWO-thertiitu- treintaidos

FORTY-TWO-fortiitu-cuarentaidos, FORTY-THREE-fortiithrii- cuarentaitres

FIFTY-ONE-fifftiiuan-cincuentaiuno, FIFTY-TWO-fifftiitu-cincuentaidos,

SIXTY-ONE-sekstiiuan-sesentaiuno, SIXTY-TWO-sikstiitu-sesentaiuno,

SEVENTY-ONE-seventiiuan-setentaiuno, SEVENTY-TWO-seventiitu-setentaidos,

EIGHTY-ONE-eitiiuan-ochentaiuno, EIGHTY-TWO-eitiitu-ochentaidos,

NINETY-ONE-nayntiiuan-noventaiuno, NINTY-TWO-nayntiitu-noventaidos,

ONE HUNDRED-uan jundred-cien, ONE HUNDRED AND ONE-uan jandred and uan-ciento uno

ONE THOUSAND-uan thauzand-un mil,

ONE THOUSAND ONE HUNDRED AND ONE-uan thauzand uan jandred and uan-mil ciento uno
ORDEN DE LOS ADJETIVOS

CUándo utilizamos varios adjetivos seguidos, el orden depende de la función de cada adjetivo. El

orden habitual es:

Cantidad, valor/opinión, tamaño, temperatura, edad, forma, color, origen, material

Lo que expresa el adjetivo Ejemplos

Cantidad four, ten, a few, several

Valor / opinión delicious, charming, beautiful

Tamaño tall, tiny, huge

Temperatura hot, cold

Edad old, young, new, 14-year-old

Forma square, round

Color red, purple, green

Origen Swedish, Victorian, Chinese

Material glass, silver, wooden

EJEMPLOS

 They have a lovely old red post-box.

 The playroom has six small round plastic tables.
 I bought some charming Victorian silver ornaments at the flea market.
 She is selling her flashy 3-year-old Italian car.
  It was a beautiful cold day.

Did you know that there are at least four different ways to use the -
ing form of verbs in English?

#1 – Use the -ING form of verbs in

continuous tenses
Continuous tenses are when an action is in progress, for example:

Present continuous:
 I’m studying English.
 She’s watching TV.
 We’re having lunch at the moment.

Present perfect continuous:

 I’ve been thinking a lot about this decision.
 He’s been working here since 1995.
 They’ve been waiting for you for an hour.

Past continuous:
 When I came home last night, you were already sleeping.
 I found $10 on the street while I was jogging in the park.

Future continuous:
 Sorry, I can’t meet with you tomorrow afternoon. I’ll
be taking my friend to the airport.

#2 – Use the -ING form when the verb is the

subject of the sentence
 Skiing is my favorite winter sport.
 Eating vegetables is good for your health.
 Living in an English-speaking country helps you improve your
English fast.
#3 – Use the -ING form after prepositions
 I improved my English by practicing every day.
 We left the party after saying goodbye to everyone.
 I can’t believe he passed the test without studying at all!
 They’ve made a lot of money since launching their new
product.
 I want to talk to you about investing in the stock market.
Exception: Never use the -ING form after “to”:
 I need to practice my English more.
 My mother told me to study for the test.
 We’d like to invest in this technology.
 The girl didn’t want to leave the party.

#4 – Use the -ING form after these verbs in

English
Here are some common verbs in English that are followed by -ing.

 admit
The politician admitted stealing millions of dollars.
 avoid
You should avoid eating after 10 PM.
 consider 
Have you considered buying a laptop computer?
 enjoy
I enjoy surfing and playing tennis.
 finish
I finally finished cleaning the house at midnight.
 can’t stand
I can’t stand going to parties where I don’t know anyone.
 don’t mind
I don’t mind working overtime.
 look forward to
I look forward to seeing you next week.
 keep (continue)
My ex-boyfriend keeps calling me even though I’ve told him I
don’t want to talk to him!
 practice
I need to practice writing in English.
 spend (time)
My roommate spends hours watching TV.
 stop
He stopped smoking ten years ago.
 suggest/ recommend
I suggest taking some time off.
The doctor recommended getting more rest.
Start, like, and love can be used with the infinitive or -ing. Both are
correct!
 The baby started to cry.
= The baby started crying.
 I like to run.
= I like running.
 We love reading.
= We love to read.
Prepositions are essential to sentences because they provide additional and
necessary details. In this lesson, we will explore the definition and roles of
the preposition.

Definition of a Preposition
There are approximately 80 to 100 prepositions in the English
language. Prepositions are words that introduce information to the reader.
This information can include where something takes place (such as 'at' the
store), when or why something takes place (such as 'before' dinner), or
general descriptive information (such as the girl 'with' the cool tattoo).

Examples of Prepositions
Here are some examples of commonly-used prepositions:

about above across after against

along behind below beneath beside
beside
between down during except
s
for from in off on
onto opposite out outside till
to toward under underneath until
withou
with within
t
Prepositions don't stand alone. They work in groups of words that we call
prepositional phrases. Aprepositional phrase begins with a preposition and
ends in a noun. That noun is called the object of the preposition.
Prepositional Phrases
Here are some examples of prepositional phrases:

'under' the desk

'during' the lecture
'across' the yard
'after' lunch
'behind' the tree

The word in quotes is the preposition and the words that follow the
preposition make up the prepositional phrase. Think about a mountain, for
instance. A prepositional phrase is just about anything that we can say in
relation to a mountain, like 'to the mountain,' 'over the mountain,' 'under the
mountain,' 'toward the mountain.' This is a good way to test a group of
words in order to see if they do, indeed, fit the definition of prepositional
phrases.

The object of the preposition is the noun that follows the preposition. It is
also the stopping point for each prepositional phrase. For instance, we
might say, 'to the store.' The word 'to' is the preposition and 'store' is the
object of the preposition. Here's another example, 'in the light.' The word 'in'
is the preposition and 'light' is the object of the preposition.

Roles of the Prepositions

Now, let's go back to that list of information we saw at the beginning of the
lesson. Prepositions, in the form of prepositional phrases, provide specific
information in a sentence for the reader. The reader would not know key and
necessary facts about a sentence without a prepositional phrase. For
instance, here is a barebones sentence:

My mom laughed.
It is a perfectly good sentence, but it doesn't tell us very much. When we
add a prepositional phrase, we better understand the situation. Here is the
sentence with a prepositional phrase:

My mom laughed 'at the joke'.

Ah ha! Now we know why she laughed