An Exclusive Project Report On United Nations Organization
An Exclusive Project Report On United Nations Organization
An Exclusive Project Report On United Nations Organization
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These are:
(i) to maintain peace and security all over the world;
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ADVERTISEMENTS:
The UNO came to replace the League of Nations, which fell through
with the outbreak of the Second World War. It was set up to
maintain world peace and punish the aggressor and promote
economic, social and cultural cooperation among the states through
the specific machinery and for the settlement of international
disputes. It was destined to be an improvement over the League of
Nations.
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It looks after the economic and social cooperation in the globe and
adopts international conventions. It studies and recommends
progressive international law. It admits new members and expels
the erring ones. It appoints a number of members in various organs
of the UNO.
2. The Security Council:
The Security Council is more dominant than the General Assembly
since this is the executive organ of the UNO. Its sessions are more
frequent than those of the Assembly. It has five permanent
members, namely England, France, the USA, the former USSR and
China.
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It endeavours to promote:
(i) Higher standards of living, full employment and conditions of
economic and social progress and development;
6. The Secretariat:
The Secretariat is the administrative department of the UNO. There
the most important person is the Secretary-General who is the
mouthpiece of the UNO. He is elected for a term of five years. He
maintains liasion between different agencies of the UNO. He
prepares the agenda of the General Assembly and the Security
Council.
In the fourth place, the UNO played a vigorous role in the civil war
in Greece which was engineered by the foreign powers in that
country. The UNO’s efforts were crowned with success by removing
the foreign dangers from Greece and resolving the civil war there.
The same efforts succeeded in freeing Morocco and Tunisia from
the domination of France.
In the fifth place, when the Indo-Pak crisis reached the point of war
over the Pakistani raids in Kashmir in October 1947, the UNO
intervened and ordered for a ceasefire and did a very useful job. The
same good zeal was exhibited by it when Pakistan attacked India in
1965 and 1971. In all the three occasions the UNO came as the
impartial umpire to restore peace over Kashmir. It did what could
be the best under the circumstances.
In the sixth place, the UNO did a formidable task in tackling the
Korean War which began in 1950. North Korea, that had attacked
South Korea, was pulled out by the UNO army under the command
of General Douglas MacArthur. The ceasefire was followed by
permanent peace in the region.
In the seventh place, it was a testing time for the UNO when Israel
invaded the United Arab Republic in 1956 to be followed by an
Anglo-French aggression on the Suez Canal. The war cloud began to
lurk when the USSR, in protest against the Anglo-French
aggression, threatened to join the issue. It is through the tireless
mediation of the UNO that a real war was averted and the
aggressors had to vacate the Suez Canal.
The Arab-Israel conflict again came to the surface in 1967 and 1973
and in these two occasions also the UNO did not allow the friction
to get into a conflagration.
In the eighth place, the UNO played a useful role in condemning the
Soviet occupation of Czechoslovakia and the American tutelage over
Vietnam. It has also adopted numerous resolutions condemning the
vexed apartheid issue in South Africa.
On 2 August 1990 Iraq forcibly occupied Kuwait. By a series of
resolutions passed in August 1990, the UNO Security Council called
upon the member states to impose economic sanctions against Iraq
and on 30 November 1990 the Security Council sent ultimatum to
Iraq to withdraw from Kuwait by 15 January 1991. When Iraq
ignored the ultimatum, on 16 January 1991 the USA and England on
behalf of the UNO bombarded Iraq. Finally, Iraq saw reason and
decided to pull out from Kuwait in April 1992.
Lastly, the UNO perhaps has been playing a greater role in the
upliftment of the social, economic and educational standard of the
world through its specialised agencies like the UNESCO, WHO,
ILO, IMF, etc. to make the world safe for prosperity. This is
something unprecedented in the history of mankind.
The UNO is the last hope of the existing world since it provides a
forum, at which all the nations of the world can assemble and iron
out their differences. Had there been no UNO, the world would have
been politically, economically and intellectually poorer today. It is
the best thing that the world can have under the circumstances.
This being the case, a vast country like India is equated with
Grenada which is a tiny state with very negligible population. This
over-simplification of the concept of equality is not always
justifiable or acceptable. An elephant and an ant cannot have the
same position or status.
Thirdly, the veto power given to the big five permanent members is
a serious snag in the mechanism of the UNO. All effective steps
towards the preservation of world peace can be brought to a naught
by a single negative dose of the veto. If one of the big powers is an
aggressor or supporter of such aggression, no good will come out
from the deliberations of the Security Council. The result will be a
deadlock or stalemate in the functioning of the world body.
Fifthly, the UNO has made a departure from its avowed task of
peaceful settlement of all disputes with its own force where
necessary. With the onset of the cold war it has become rather a
collective military instrument for use against the aggressor nation.
The result is that it has deviated from its role of mediation and
peaceful settlement and has taken to the method of collective
security. This too has not been adhered to all along. The collective
security was the anxiety of the UNO in Korea, but it was not applied
in Guatemala. So the UNO is very often devoid of any principle of its
own.