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    Unit 2 Biology Past Papers

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    Adam mahabir
    Ethylene is a plant hormone that promotes ripening. It increases respiration and conversion of starches to sugars in fruits, promoting color changes. Ethylene also causes fruit and leaf abscission. Commercially, ethylene from ethephon is used to ripen tomatoes and stored fruits by regulating the gases around them. Mosquitoes transmit viruses between humans when they take blood meals from infected and uninfected people, acting as both host and vector for the viruses. Top carnivores need to feed at multiple trophic levels, not just below them, to access more biomass and be more energy efficient, though this could disrupt food webs. The neuron membrane maintains its resting potential of -70 mV through the sodium

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    Unit 2 Biology Past Papers

    Uploaded by

    Adam mahabir
    115 views3 pages
    Ethylene is a plant hormone that promotes ripening. It increases respiration and conversion of starches to sugars in fruits, promoting color changes. Ethylene also causes fruit and leaf abscission. Commercially, ethylene from ethephon is used to ripen tomatoes and stored fruits by regulating the gases around them. Mosquitoes transmit viruses between humans when they take blood meals from infected and uninfected people, acting as both host and vector for the viruses. Top carnivores need to feed at multiple trophic levels, not just below them, to access more biomass and be more energy efficient, though this could disrupt food webs. The neuron membrane maintains its resting potential of -70 mV through the sodium

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    Ethylene is a plant hormone that promotes ripening. It increases respiration and conversion of starches to sugars in fruits, promoting color changes. Ethylene also causes fruit and leaf abscission. Commercially, ethylene from ethephon is used to ripen tomatoes and stored fruits by regulating the gases around them. Mosquitoes transmit viruses between humans when they take blood meals from infected and uninfected people, acting as both host and vector for the viruses. Top carnivores need to feed at multiple trophic levels, not just below them, to access more biomass and be more energy efficient, though this could disrupt food webs. The neuron membrane maintains its resting potential of -70 mV through the sodium

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    115 views3 pages

    Unit 2 Biology Past Papers

    Uploaded by

    Adam mahabir
    Ethylene is a plant hormone that promotes ripening. It increases respiration and conversion of starches to sugars in fruits, promoting color changes. Ethylene also causes fruit and leaf abscission. Commercially, ethylene from ethephon is used to ripen tomatoes and stored fruits by regulating the gases around them. Mosquitoes transmit viruses between humans when they take blood meals from infected and uninfected people, acting as both host and vector for the viruses. Top carnivores need to feed at multiple trophic levels, not just below them, to access more biomass and be more energy efficient, though this could disrupt food webs. The neuron membrane maintains its resting potential of -70 mV through the sodium

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Unit 2 Biology past papers

    2019 #2b

    Control mechanisms involving regulators occur in plants. These control mechanisms have
    commercial. With reference to the properties of ethylene, analyze its actions to bring about
    desirable changes in fruits during commercial ripening (6marks)

    Ethylene is a gas secreted naturally from plants to speed growth and ripening (converting starch
    to simple sugars) in plants, and make its way through tiny airspaces and can affect other plants
    near it. It is known to increase respiration rates promoting abscission of fruits and leaves.
    Commercial use of this gas requires the breakdown of ethephon which releases ethylene. This is
    used in the ripening of tomatoes, since it promotes the formation of lycopene(ripe appearance)
    and it converts starch and acids to simple sugars. It can also be used to ripen fruits from storage.
    Unripe fruits can be stored in an atmosphere lacking O2 and the ripeneing can be regulated using
    ethane and O2.

    2019 #3aiii

    Explain the mechanisms by which viruses can be transmitted from an infected person to an
    uninfected person by mosquitoes. (6 marks)

    Mosquitoes consumed blood from humans by biting them and drawing up blood from them, the
    person’s blood does not colt because the mosquitoes secrete an anticlotting agent. A Mosquito
    may bite an infected person and draw blood from them in doing so they also act as host for the
    virus as they now contract it. The mosquito not only acts as hosts for the viruses but also a vector
    because they then go on to consume blood from an uninfected person ad in doing so the person
    becomes infected with the virus. This mosquito is now infected and can transmit the virus to
    anyone throughout its life span.
    2018 #4a

    “For a top carnivore to be numerous in an ecosystem, it ust feed at many different levels of the
    food chain and not just the one beneath it.”

    Discuss the veracity of this statement. (6marks)

    This statement argues that in order for a top consumer in a food chain to have a large population
    it must feed at various trophic levels such as primary and secondary consumers. Consuming
    foods at different trophic levels as opposed to one may provide the benefit of more biomass
    available which provides more energy for population growth. This is also more energy efficient
    since energy is lost from one trophic level to a higher one therefore less energy is lost from the
    ecosystem if the carnivores eat at lower trophic levels. However eating at many trophic levels
    can disrupt a food web and may compromise the carnivores primary food source e.g. a tertiary
    consumer’s main food source may be a at trophic level 3, however if they eat at trophic level 2
    the consumers at trophic level will have no food and son their population will drop.

    2018 #5b

    The resting potential across the membrane of a resting neuron is approximately -70 mV. Explain
    the role of the membrane in maintaining the resting potential (7 marks)

    The resting potential is the potential difference across the cell surface membrane. At resting
    potential the membrane is said to be polarized whereby the inside is negative and the outside is
    positive. This is achieved by the membrane. During resting potential the membrane has the
    Na+/K+ pump working this ensures 3 Na+ ions are leaving while 2K+ are entering this creates a
    net charge of -1 inside the membrane. The Na+ gated protein is closed so that no positive Na
    ions enter and therefore there is a negative charge inside the membrane since no positive Na+
    ions can enter. The K+ gated protein is open to allow positive K ions to exit leaving the
    membrane negatively charged since the positive K+ ions exit the membrane. All of the gates
    function in a way to obtain a negative potential difference across the cell surface membrane
    called the resting potential of -70 mV.

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