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2-History and Purposes

The document summarizes the history of database systems from the 1950s to the present. It discusses how database systems evolved from using magnetic tapes and punched cards to store data, to today's large data warehouses and big data systems using technologies like Hadoop. It also outlines some of the drawbacks of earlier file processing systems that led to the development of database systems, including data redundancy, inconsistency, isolation issues, and concurrency problems. Finally, it provides a high-level example of how a database approach can help address these issues compared to separate file-based systems.

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bhumika.verma00
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63 views8 pages

2-History and Purposes

The document summarizes the history of database systems from the 1950s to the present. It discusses how database systems evolved from using magnetic tapes and punched cards to store data, to today's large data warehouses and big data systems using technologies like Hadoop. It also outlines some of the drawbacks of earlier file processing systems that led to the development of database systems, including data redundancy, inconsistency, isolation issues, and concurrency problems. Finally, it provides a high-level example of how a database approach can help address these issues compared to separate file-based systems.

Uploaded by

bhumika.verma00
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DATABASE SYSTEMS:

HISTORY & PURPOSE


Presentation by
Dr. Jenila Livingston L.M.
SCSE
History of Database Systems
• 1950s and early 1960s:
– Data processing using magnetic tapes for storage
• Tapes provided only sequential access
– Punched cards for input
• Late 1960s and 1970s:
– Hard disks allowed direct access to data
– Network and hierarchical data models in widespread use
– Ted Codd defines the relational data model
• Would win the ACM Turing Award for this work
• IBM Research begins System R prototype
• UC Berkeley begins Ingres prototype
– High-performance (for the era) transaction processing
History (cont.)
• 1980s:
– Research relational prototypes evolve into commercial systems
• SQL becomes industrial standard
– Parallel and distributed database systems
– Late 1980s Object-oriented database systems - cater to the need
of complex data processing in CAD and other applications
• 1990s:
– Large decision support and data-mining applications
– Large multi-terabyte data warehouses
– Emergence of Web commerce
• Early 2000s:
– XML and XQuery standards
– Automated database administration
• Later 2000s:
– Giant data storage systems – Big Data
• Google BigTable, Yahoo PNuts, Amazon, ..
Drawbacks of File Processing System/
PURPOSE OF DATABASE SYSTEMS
• Data Redundancy and Inconsistency
• Difficulty in Accessing Data
• Data Isolation
• Integrity Problems
• Atomicity Problems
• Concurrent Access Anomalies
• Security problems
File Processing Systems
Billing Purchasing
Program Program

Customer Accounts Buyer Inventory Vendor


file receivable file file file
file

Accounts_Payable Sales Order Processing Payroll


Program Program Program

Vendor Invoice Customer Inventory Employee


file file file file file
Database Approach
Order Dept. Accounting Payroll
Dept. Dept.

Program Program Program

A B C

Ordering
Invoicing Payroll
filing
System System
System

Back Inventory Customer Inventory Employee


Orders Master Master Pricing Master
file file file file file
Thank You!

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