‫المستوى االول‬/ ‫الفصل الدراسي الثاني‬

Medical Biology ll (Theory)

Dr.Sajeda Shareef

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 ‫ﺍﻷَﺳﻜﺎﺭﻳﺲ )ﺍﻟﺼَّﻔَﺮ (‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻄﻴﺔ‬

‫‪Nematodes & Ascaris‬‬

‫‪Lecture 6‬‬
‫‪10/5/2020‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻄﻴﺔ‬

‫‪Nematodes‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻄﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻳﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻴﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪• Nematodes are the most worm-like of all helminths.‬‬

‫‪• Unlike trematodes and cestodes, which are parasitic‬‬
‫‪living, most nematodes are free-living forms found‬‬
‫‪in soil and water.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻘﻮﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﺶ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ‬
‫ﻃﻔﻴﻠﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻄﻴﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺣﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﺔ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﻳﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻄﻴﺔ‬

General Characteristics Nematodes

. ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺘﻄﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﺳﻄﻮﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻴﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻘﻄﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﺴﺘﺪﻗﺔ‬

• They are elongated cylindrical, or filiform in shape,

unsegmented worms with tapering ends.
‫ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮﺓ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺛﻼﺛﻲ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻱ ﻓﻲ ​​ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ‬
• Bilaterally symmetrical with a secondary triradiate
symmetry at the anterior end.
. (‫ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺴﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﻴﻦ )ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬، ‫ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﻣﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ‬، ‫ﻳﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﻮﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓًﺎ ﻛﺒﻴﺮًﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻢ‬
• Adults vary greatly in size, from about a millimeters
to a meter in length, sexes are
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺃﺻﻐﺮ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺙ‬
separated (diecious) .
Male is generally ‫ﻴًﺎ‬smaller than female
‫ﻭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻠﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﺑﻄﻨ‬
and its
posterior end .‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ is ‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬curved or coiled ventrally
‫)ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻮﺭ( ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺙ ﻟﻬﺎ‬
(characteristics feature in male ) but female have
straight end. 4
 ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﻳﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻄﻴﺔ‬

General Characteristics Nematodes

‫ ﺃﻭ ﺷﺎﺋﻜﺔ‬، ‫ ﻣﺪﺑﺒﺔ‬، ‫ ﻣﺨﻄﻄﺔ‬، ‫ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻧﺎﻋﻤﺔ‬، ‫• ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻣﻐﻄﻰ ﺑﺸﺮﺓ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﺻﻠﺒﺔ‬
..
• body is covered with a tough outer cuticle, which
may be smooth, striated, bossed, or
.‫ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺣﺸﺎء‬، ‫ﺗﺠﻮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻫﻮ ﺟﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺟﺰ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻑ‬
spiny..
• The body cavity is a pseudocele, in which all the
viscera are suspended. ‫ﻭﻟﻮﺩﺓ(ﻭﻳﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ .(‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻻﻧﺜﻰ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻨﺘﺞ ﺑﻴﻀًﺎ )ﺑﻴﻮﺿﺔ( ﺃﻭ ﻳﺮﻗﺎﺕ )ﻭﻟﻮﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻀًﺎ ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﺮﻗﺎﺕ ﻳﻔﻘﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺭ )ﺑﻴﻮﺓ‬

• Female nematodes may produce eggs (oviparous)

or larvae (viviparous). Some lay eggs containing
larvae, which immediately hatch out
(ovoviviparous).

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 ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻄﻴﺔ‬

Life Cycle Nematodes

‫ ﺍﻟﺠُﻠَﻴﺪ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻩ ﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬.‫ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻳﺮﻗﺎﺕ ﻭﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ‬4 ‫ﺗﺒﺪﺃ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺾ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻠﻴﻪ‬

• The life cycle start with egg which followed by 4

larval stages and the adult form. The cuticle is shed
while passing from one stage to the other.
.‫ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻻ ﻳﺤﺘﺎﺟﻮﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻀﻴﻒ ﻭﺳﻴﻂ‬، ‫ ﻳﺨﻀﻌﻮﻥ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻮﻳﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺩﺧﻮﻟﻬﻢ ﻣﻀﻴﻔًﺎ ﺟﺪﻳﺪًﺍ‬.‫ﺑﻴﺾ ﺍﻷﻣﻌﺎء ﻳﻤﺮ ﻣﻊ ﺑﺮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻴﻒ‬

• Eggs of Intestinal pass out with the feces of the

host. They undergo few developmental changes
before they enter new host, so it cannot need
intermediate host. . ‫ﺗﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﺪﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻀﻴﻒ ﻭﺳﻴﻂ ﻛﻤﺘﺠﻪ ﻧﺎﻗﻞ‬
• Somatic nematodes need intermediate host as a
vector.
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 ‫ﻃﺮﻕ ﻋﺪﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻄﻴﺔ‬

Modes of Nematodes Infection

:‫ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﺑﺘﻼﻉ‬

• By ingestion of: ‫ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻜﺔ‬.‫ ﺍﻟﺪﺑﻮﺳﻴﺔ‬،‫ﺍﻻﺳﻜﺎﺭﻳﺲ‬

: ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺾ‬
– Eggs: Ascaris, Enterobius. Trichuris
: ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺮﻗﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻲ‬
– Larvae within intermediate host: Dracunculus
‫ﻳﺮﻗﺎﺕ ﺗﺘﺤﻮﺻﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ‬
– Encysted larvae in muscle: Trichinella
: ‫ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﺠﻠﺪ‬
• By penetration of skin: Ancylostoma, Necator,
Strongyloides
:‫ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺤﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﻡ‬
• By blood-sucking insects: Filariae
‫ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺸﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻐﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺾ‬

• By inhalation of dust containing eggs: Ascaris,

Enterobius.
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 ‫ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻄﻴﺔ‬

Classification of Nematodes
:‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻄﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ‬

Nematodes ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ‬
can‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺩﺓ‬be classified
‫ﻣﻮﻃﻦ‬
on the basis of :
• habitat of the adult worm, into
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬
– Intestinal Human Nematodes
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬
– Somatic Human Nematodes
:(‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺃﻭ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺭ )ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻠﻴﺔ‬
• zoologically according to the presence or absent of
phasmid (caudal chemo receptor) :
– Phasmida
– APhasmida

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 (‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺍﻃﻴﻨﻲ ) ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﺣﺮﻓﻴﺔ‬

Ascaris lumbricoides
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬

classification ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬
: ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬
• Kingdom: Animalia
: ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻄﻴﺔ‬
• Phylum: Nematoda
: ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻒ‬
• Class:
: ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺗﺒﺔ‬
Chromadorea
• Order: Ascaridida
: ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬
• Family: Ascarididae
: ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺲ‬
• Genus:: ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‬
Ascaris
• Species: Ascaris lumbricoides
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 ( ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺍﻃﻴﻨﻲ )ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﺣﺮﻓﻴﺎ‬

Ascaris lumbricoides
‫ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻭﺭﺓ‬:‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻊ‬

• Common name: Roundworm

: ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮ‬
• Diseases : Ascariasis
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻃﻦ‬
• Habitat .(‫ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﺎﺋﻔﻲ‬٪15 ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺋﻢ ﻭ‬٪85) ‫ﺗﻌﻴﺶ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﻌﺎء ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬
• Adult worms live in the small intestines (85% in
jejunum and 15%.‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ in ileum).
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﻃﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻄﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﻌﺎء‬

• It is the largest nematode parasite in the human

intestine.

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺍﻃﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬

Ascaris lumbricoides Morphology

‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ‬
Adult Worm . ‫ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻭﺿﻮﺣًﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ‬، ‫ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﺴﺘﺪﻗﺔ‬، ‫ﻫﻢ ﺩﻳﺪﺍﻥ ﺃﺳﻄﻮﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ‬
They are large cylindrical worms, with tapering ends, the
anterior end being more pointed than the posterior.
.‫ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺑﻴﻀﺎء ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬، ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻠﻮﻥ ﻭﺭﺩﻱ ﺷﺎﺣﺐ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺣﺪﻳﺜًﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺍﺯ‬
• They are pale pink or flesh colored when freshly passed
in stools, but become white outside the body.
‫ ﺑﻄﻨﻴﺔ‬2 ‫ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻇﻬﺮﻳﺔ ﻭ‬، ‫ ﺷﻔﺎﻩ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺃﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬3 ‫ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﻔﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
• The mouth at the anterior end has 3 finely toothed lips,
.‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺃﺻﻐﺮ ﻗﻠﻴﻼً ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺙ‬
1 dorsal and 2 ventrolateral ‫ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻮﻳﻜﺎﺕ‬2 ‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﻄﻨﻴًﺎ ﻭﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬
.(‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻉ ﺗﻤﺘﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺬﺭﻗﻲ )ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﺣﺮﻓﻴﺔ‬
• Adult male worm is little smaller than female. Its
posterior end is curved ventrally and carries 2
copulatory spicules which extend from cloacal opening. 11
 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺍﻃﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬

Ascaris lumbricoides Morphology

‫ ﺗﻀﻊ ﺩﻭﺩﺓ‬.‫ ﺃﻃﺮﺍﻓﻪ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻴﺔ‬.‫ﺍﻷﻧﺜﻰ ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ‬
.‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺾ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺍﺯ‬.‫ ﺑﻴﻀﺔ ﻳﻮﻣﻴًﺎ‬200000 ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ‬

• The female is larger than male. Its posterior extremity

is straight and conical. a single worm lays up to
200,000 eggs per day. The eggs are passed in feces.
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺾ‬
Egg .‫ ﻣﺨﺼﺐ ﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺨﺼﺐ‬.‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﺮ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺾ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺪﺍﻥ‬

• Two types of eggs are passed by the worms; fertilized

and unfertilized.
‫ ﻭﺗﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺑﻴﺾ ﻣﻌﺪﻱ‬، ‫ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻀﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺙ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬، ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻀﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻘﺤﺔ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺼﺒﺔ‬

• The fertilized eggs, laid by females, are embryonated

and develop into the infective eggs.
.‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻀﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺼﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺟﻨﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﻣﻌﺪﻳﺔ‬
• The unfertilized eggs, are laid as non-embryonated and
cannot become infective . 12
 ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ‬

Life Cycle of Ascaris lumbricoides

.‫ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻣﻀﻴﻒ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ‬

• Life cycle involves only 1 host.

. ‫ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﻀﻴﻒ ﻭﺳﻄﻲ‬. ‫ ﺍﻻﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬
• Natural host: Man. There is no
‫ ﺑﻴﺾ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻱ‬
intermediate host.
• Infective form: Embryonated eggs ‫ﺗﺤﺪﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻯ‬
• Mode of transmission: Infection occurs when the
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﺮﻗﺔ ﻋﺼﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

egg containing the infective rhabditiform larva is

‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﺮﺭﺓ ﻫﻲ‬
swallowed. frequent mode of transmission is
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺨﻀﺮﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺯﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺰﺭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻢ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺘﻬﺎ‬
through fresh vegetables grown in fields manured
.("‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ )"ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬
with human feces (‘night .‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﺛﺔ‬ soil’). Infection may also
‫ﻗﺪ ﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻯ ﺃﻳﻀًﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺏ‬
be transmitted through contaminated drinking
water.
13
 ‫ﺗﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺩﻳﺪﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﺘﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺼﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﻌﻮﻡ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺑﺘﻼﻋﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﺼﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺨﺘﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺮﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺸﺎء‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﻌﺎء ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﻲ ﻟﻸﻣﻌﺎء ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬

‫ﺗﺤﺮﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻴﺮﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﺪﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﻔﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻲ ﺍﻻﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺸﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﻌﺎء‬

‫‪Life cycle of‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻟﻺﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻻﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬

‫‪Ascaris‬‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺎﺏ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﺑﺘﻼﻉ‬

‫ﻃﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﻠﻮﺛﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺾ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻣﻞ‬

‫‪lumbricoides‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬

‫ﺍﺑﺘﻼﻉ‬
‫ﺍﺑﺘﻼﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻀﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺼﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻀﺔ ﻣﺨﺼﺒﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺑﻮﻳﻀﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﺰﺃﺓ ﻣﺮﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻴﺮﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺔ‬

‫ﺗﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻴﺮﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﺪﺍﺕ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬ ‫‪14‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺔ‬
 ‫ﺍﻹﻣﺮﺍﺿﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺮﻳﺔ‬

Pathogenicity and Clinical Features

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺤﺪﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﺮﻗﺎﺕ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﺟﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ‬
• Clinical manifestations in ascariasis can be caused
either by the migrating larvae or by the adult
worms. ‫ﺗﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
.‫ﻋﺪﻭﻯ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺃﻋﺮﺍﺽ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﻮﺍﻗﺐ ﻭﺧﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺣﺘﻰ ﻣﻤﻴﺘﺔ‬

• Clinical manifestations due to adult worm vary from

asymptomatic infection to severe and even fatal
consequences.

15
 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺮﻱ‬

Laboratory Diagnosis
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ‬

• Adult Worm .‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧًﺎ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺍﺯ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺼﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻳﺾ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺮﺩﺓ‬
– The adult worm can occasionally be detected in stool or
sputum of patient by naked eye.
‫ﺍﻟﻴﺮﻗﺔ‬
• Larvae ، ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻴﺮﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﺟﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﻤﺘﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﻮﻳﻔﻠﺮ‬، ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻯ‬
.‫ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﺓ‬، ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺇﺟﺮﺍء ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻴﺮﻗﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻐﻢ‬

• In the early stages of infection, when migrating

larvae cause Loeffler’s syndrome, the diagnosis
may be made by demonstrating the larvae in
sputum, or more often in gastric washings.
.‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺃﻳﻀًﺎ‬
• Serological methods and blood examination help in
diagnosis also. 16