IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol.

6, Issue 03, 2018 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

Effective Time And Motion Study on Construction Project: “A Case

Study of Surat City”
Mr. Jigar H. Balar1 Mr. Hiren A. Rathod2 Mr. Rushabh Shah3
1
M.E Student 2,3Assistant Professor
1,2,3
Department of Civil Engineering
1,2,3
SNPIT &RC, Umrakh, India
Abstract— Time and motion study is a work measurement doing the work and could assist in effectively managing or
technique for recording the times of performing a certain controlling the activity. This approach has been successfully
specific job or its elements carried out under specified applied to factories, hospitals, department stores, housework,
conditions. Time study is a direct and continuous observation banks, cafeteria work, libraries, music, and to many other
of a task, using a timekeeping device (e.g., decimal minute human activities. For instance, factories have used it to reduce
stopwatch, computer-assisted electronic stopwatch, and wasted time and improve the time to compete a task, while
videotape camera) to record the time taken to accomplish a banks use it to help team members reach their sales goals.
task. Motion studies are performed to eliminate waste. Under However, the goal of a time and motion study is not simply
this project two sites are selected for time and motion study efficiency. These studies are done to create a baseline that can
considering ten selected activities on field for time and be used in the future when evaluating procedural, equipment,
motion study. Data will be collected for all activities under or personnel changes.
time study on field using stop watch and average time will be
estimated and then further analysis under motion study to II. LITERATURE REVIEW
determine the optimum time required for performing selected Miss. Rajshri Shrishirmal, Prof. R.R. Salgude[1] The
operations and identify the extra time consumed on site. The objective of this paper is to measure the productivity of the
analysis result will show that almost all the activities various construction activities and The focus is to apply time
consumed more time more than what is required for actual and motion study and statistical analysis to various
work. The further future investigation and observations on construction processes the focus is to apply time and motion
field explore some reasons for extra time consumption which study and statistical analysis to various construction
included inadequate material handling, ineffective method of processes.
work, poor planning of inventory poor layout and utilization ER. NEELMANI [2] have carried out Motion and
of space. If these factors are taken into consideration the time study reduce and control costs, improve working
activities time can be brought nearer to ideal time requires. conditions and environment, and motivate people. The basic
Key words: Time And Motion Study, Machinery purpose is to improve the work and to reduce waste.
Coordination, Site Layout Planning, Construction Machinery Abdul Talib Bon, Aliza Ariffin [3] carried out the
Planning, Work Process motion study motion study has the greatest potential for
savings. We can by eliminating the task or combining the task
I. INTRODUCTION with some task. We can rearrange the elements of work to
Time and motion study (also referred to as motion and time reduce the work content and we can simplify the operation by
study, the terms are used interchangeably) is the scientific moving part. Thus among the techniques for motion study
study of the conservation of human resources in the search are: Process charts, Flow diagrams, Operation charts, Flow
for the most efficient method of doing a task. A fascination process charts, multiple activity charts.
with the word “efficiency” began in the late 19th and early Puniavathi Puranam, Pramila. R. Adavi, [4] in this
20th centuries when it was considered one of the most paper, this paper helpful for the higher productivity in
important concepts. Time study began in the 1880s as a organizations leads to national prosperity and better standard
means of wage-rate setting by Frederick W. Taylor, who is of living for the whole community. Improving productivity
regarded as the “father of scientific management.” It consists through time and motion study is used in the manufacturing
of a wide variety of procedures for determining the amount sector and allied industries.
of time required, under certain standard conditions of Jacob Je-Chian Lin,Wei-Han Hung,Shih-Chung
measurement, for tasks involving some human activity. Kang [5] described A motion planning and coordination
Motion study was developed by Frank B. Gilbreth and Lillian method for mobile construction machinery is described in this
M. Gilbreth and consists of a wide variety of procedures for paper. The method includes four-steps that are as follow
the description, systematic analysis, and means of improving model development, configuration space construction, path
work methods. finding and machine coordination.
It is difficult to separate these two aspects Yvan J. Beliveau, Shrikant S. Dixit, Taylan Dal and
completely. Therefore, the combined term usually refers to AymanA. Morad [6] this paper describes the fundamental
all three phases of the activity: method determination, time philosophy of the system, specifically, the strategy of the
appraisal, and development of material for the application of required path-planning and dynamic behaviour modeler.
these data. Frank and Lillian also broadened scientific Current work in these areas is presented. MTMP (Multi Task
management by including the human element, therefore using Motion Planning) help to provide a robust tool for multitask
psychology to gain the cooperation of employees. Motion and motion planning with several applications, typically in the
time analysis could be used to help find a preferential way of construction industry.

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 Effective Time And Motion Study on Construction Project: “A Case Study of Surat City”
(IJSRD/Vol. 6/Issue 03/2018/008)

Ian McLean and Rebecca J. Sargisson [7] this paper helpful B. Data Analysis
for the make time and motion study successful through step The collected data has been analyzed using the Excel tool and
by step procedures. Most T&M studies involve a comparison, data analysis by Brain Stroming Method for improve existing
such as between two teams or between two operational Methodology. By the time data operational time is made out.
scenarios. However, even the simplest study in which just one Basic work Basic work content of
operational concept is explored can provide valuable content product and operation
information, for example, in relation to productivity. Work content added by
poor product design or
III. PROBLEM STATEMENT Total time of material utilization
The time spent on performing action has direct impact on operation under Work content added by
Total
resources i.e. more time to complete activity is equal to existing inefficient method of
ineffective
wastage of more money and more energy. In this way time conditions manufacture or
time
operation
and motion influence determine the overall being entire
Ineffective time
organization as well as individual.
resulting from human
Hence, Time and Motion study is used to determine
resources contribution
the best method for completing action within the required
Fig. 1: How Operational Time Is Made Up
time.
Basic work
In order to achieve high quality level in construction Basic
Basic work content of
industry and improve the performance, feasibility and work
content product and
suitability of different new philosophies in construction content
operation
projects have been studied in recent years, but due to the A.1 Poor
various processes associated with construction projects, their design and
complexity, and lack of specific metrics, this issue is still frequent Work content
questionable and demands further studies. design added by poor
changes product
IV. OBJECTIVE A.2 Waste of design or
 Determining the time required by a qualified and materials material
A.3 Incorrect utilization
properly trained person working at a normal pace to do a
quality
specific task and operation.
standards
 To improve the work process in terms of time
B.1 Poor
 Analysing the existing system under study and layout and
identifying the scope of improving the existing utilization of
operation. space
 Identifying the probable measures for field practice to B.2
reduce/improve the present activity. Total time
Inadequate
of
materials
operation
V. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY handling Work content
under
Total B.3 Frequent added by
A. Preparing for a Time Study existing
ineffective stoppages inefficient
conditions
 The steps in the process studied must already be time B.4 Ineffective method of
standardized; e.g. sequences have been determined. method of manufacture
 All the information about staff members should be work or operation
available. B.5 Poor
 Operator must be fully qualified, trained, and acquainted planning of
with standardized process being studied. inventory
 Must inform supervisor and department head. B.6 Frequent
breakdown of
 Make sure all materials are available for the process.
machines and
 Equipment required for time study are Stopwatch, Study equipment
Board and Time study form. C.1
Absenteeism
VI. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS and lateness Ineffective
A. Data collection C.2 Poor time resulting
workmanship from human
Collection of data has been done by personal site visits at the C.3 Accidents resources
time of activity perform by direct visit. Data has been and contribution
collected in the form of Time study table form in that occupational
particular activity time has to be taken while activities are hazards
performing and its actual time has to be noted in time Fig. 2: Basic and Added Work Content
collection sheet.

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 Effective Time And Motion Study on Construction Project: “A Case Study of Surat City”
(IJSRD/Vol. 6/Issue 03/2018/008)

VII. EVALUATING TIME FOR PERFORM DIFFERENT ACTIVITY

First of all, the permission was taken to carry out the research
work by collecting the data from the residential site and
commercial site located at various area in Surat city
Residential Sites are. 1) Pratham Ganesa which is located at
pal, 2) Prayosha Exotica located at Dabholi, 3) Celebration
Home located at varacha.
Commercial Sites are 1) International Fashion
Market located at Puna 2) Boulvard located at Pal.
In all Site Some Activities are ongoing like Concreting,
Masonry, Plastering, Flooring and Painting.
A. Concreting
Concreting activity divide in to two parts first is material
collection part in that measuring time of collection of
different material from storage to mixer machine and second
is concreting part in which mixing of ingredients, travel time
to destination, spreading ,vibrating, finishing is included.
Table 2: Masonry Work

Fig. 4: Graph Masonary Work

Table 1: Concreting Work

Fig. 5: Graph Plastering Work

Fig. 3: Graph Concreting Work

B. Masonry
Masonry activity divide in to three parts first is material
collection part in that measuring time of collection of
different material from storage to lifting machine and second
is lead times part and third part is utilization part which
mixing of ingredients, travel time to destination, spreading
,vibrating, finishing is included.

Fig. 6: Graph Painting Work

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 Effective Time And Motion Study on Construction Project: “A Case Study of Surat City”
(IJSRD/Vol. 6/Issue 03/2018/008)

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