Mohammad Peace be Upon him ,Leadership ,Diplomacy, Confidence/trust and Farsightedness.

Hudaybiyyah Peace Treaty:

Brief Introduction of Mohammad Peace and blessing of Allah upon him.

Muhammad (the Praised One) peace be upon him was born in Makkah on August 570, AD (now in Saudi
Arabia). His father Abdullah died before he was born and His mother was died when Prophet Peace be upon
him was at the age 6 years old. Then he was raised first by his grandfather (Abd al-Muttalib) and then his
uncle (Abu Taleb). He belonged to a poor but respectable family of the Quraysh tribe. The family was active
in Meccan politics and trade.

Important events of Mohammad Peace and blessing of Allah upon Him.

The Orphan's Childhood

The Prophet's Marriage
The Coming of the Archangel Gabriel
The First Muslims
The Troubles Begin
The King Who Believed
The Cruelty of Quraysh
The Year of Sorrow
The Night Journey and the Ascent to Heaven
The Treaty of ‘Aqabah
Al-Hijrah
Arrival in Yathrib
The Battle of Badr
Uhud-Defeat Comes From Disobedience
The Battle of the Trench
The Treaty of Hudaybiyah
The Invitation to the rulers of the world
Entry into Mecca

The Lesson of Pride at the Valley Of Hunayn

Tabuk-The Test of Faith

The Farewell Pilgrimage
The Prophet’s Death

Hudaybiyyah Peace Treaty:

Six years after Hijrah, in 628 CE, the holy Prophet (peace be upon him) dreamt that he and his followers were
entering Makkah and performing tawaf. It was a good sign and hence he declared his plan to visit Makkah to
perform Umrah.
Over 1,400 Muslims donned ihram with him from Madinah. They took 70 camels with them for sacrifice. As per the
established practice, the Makkans were bound to allow pilgrims coming — but without arms — to perform Umrah.
But, alarmed by the huge Muslim presence, the Quraysh leaders decided not to allow them from entering the city
and sent Khaled Bin Walid with 200 fighters to stop them defying the centuries-old Arab tradition.
The holy Prophet (peace be upon him) changed the route of Taneem to avoid confrontation and came to a lesser-
known place called Hudaibiyah on the western edge of the city.
Determined not to allow Muslims enter the city, Makkans sent Urwah bin Masud to negotiate with the Prophet.
Highly impressed with the scenes of Prophet’s love among his followers, Urwah said, “I have visited the royal
courts of the Persians, Roman and Ethiopian kingdoms, but I have never seen the kind of respect and high esteem as
the followers of Mohammad have for him. They have come only for worship. Let them enter the holy city.” But the
Makkan leaders were bent upon preventing the Muslims.
The holy Prophet (peace be upon him) later sent Uthman bin Affan who had good contacts in Makkah but they
detained him and spread a rumor to upset the Muslims that Uthman has been killed. This was a great challenge.
Though 400 km away from his city and having no proper arms to fight, he prepared for a war like situation and
called his followers to prepare for fight unto death. The people rushed to take an oath of allegiance on his pious hand
and within short time the news reached Makkah that 1400 volunteers were ready to fight unto death. This broke their
morale and Makkans agreed to discuss terms of peace with him.
They released Uthman and sent Sohayl bin Amr Al-Thaqafi to negotiate the terms of peace with the Prophet
Muhammad (peace be upon him). Sohayl (later embraced Islam) was very tough in dealings. He reached the
following terms:
In the name of Almighty Allah.
These are the conditions of peace between Muhammad, son of Abdullah, and Suhayl Ibn Amr the envoy of Makkah:

Conditions/Terms of the treaty of Hudaybiyyah:

 There should be peace between the Muslims and the Quraish for a period of 10 years.

 The parties would not interfere with the free movement of one another

 The Muslims will return to Madinah without performing Umrah this year.

 The Muslims should be able to perform Umrah the next year with the stay of three days in Makkah.

 The Muslims will only be armed with Swords and those swords will be hidden underneath sheaths.

 Any Muslim man coming from the Quraysh to join the Muslims would be sent back, but any
man going from the Muslims to Quraysh would not be sent back.

 The Muslims living in Makkah can stay in Makkah but if any Muslim wishes to come to Madinah, should
not be stopped.
  If a person migrates to Madina, they can be returned. If a person migrates to Makkah, they cannot be
returned.

 Tribes of Arabia are free to take any side (Muslims or Quraish) they want.

The Treaty was signed by Mohammad (S.A.W) On behalf of the Muslims and Suhail bin Amru on behalf of the
Quraish. Shortly afterwards, the tribe of Khuza'ah allied themselves with the Messenger (s.a.w.) and the tribe of
Bani Bakr allied themselves with the Quraish.
Apparently, it was an agreement that went against the wishes of the Muslims, but later it turned out to be a great
victory for Muslims.
The Prophet (peace be upon him) showed extreme patience by accepting all these terms as dictated. This treaty is
known as the Treaty of Hudaibiyah. It was one of the most outstanding events and proved to be a turning point in the
Islamic history.
Few of those present there could visualize the victory of the treaty based on the Prophet’s farsightedness. The first
gain of the Treaty was that hostile Makkah leadership recognized Prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him) as a
leader of the Madinah state. Secondly, the Treaty terminated the hostile behavior of Quraysh against Muslims. Now
they were allowed to move freely and talk openly about Islam. Thirdly, Muslims were equally allowed to make
alliances with other tribes. Fourthly, 10 years armistice with Quraysh provided a unique opportunity to preach Islam
and to deal with their rivals in other parts of the peninsula. Very soon they conquered the Jewish stronghold of
Khyber.
The most irritating conditions of the treaty were the clause Nos. 3 & 5; but the Prophet (peace be upon him)
simplified them by saying that if a Muslim flees from us to Makkah we don’t need him and if a Makkah Muslim
comes to us in Madinah we shall return him and he will preach Islam there. Regarding performing Umrah this year,
Muslims received a written guarantee to perform it next year peacefully. The holy Prophet (peace be upon him) was
determined to avoid bloodshed in the holy city and he succeeded fully in establishing it. Commenters have viewed
the treaty as a masterpiece of his wisdom and farsightedness.
It was really a great triumph of Prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him). After the peaceful armistice at
Hudaibiyah, Islam increased in leap and bounds. Muslims had full liberty to preach Islam. Three battles of Quraysh
against Muslims were lost.
Conquest of the Olympian
The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, with his own foresight, saw this peace as the beginning of the conquest
of Mecca, and God also conquered it in the Qur'anic verses. Jabir says: We do not see the conquest of Mecca except
the day of Hadibiyyah. It is said that Surat al-Fattah has been revealed about the peace of Hadibiyyah. At the
beginning of the surah it is said, "He conquered the kingdom of God". Some of the most important concessions to
the Muslims were:
1. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) used this opportunity to extend his invitation to other
parts of the Arabian Peninsula and even beyond.
2. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and the Muslims and Salam and the Muslims were able to go to
Mecca without a fight for Umrah, and in addition to performing religious rites, they showed the Arabs that they also
regarded the Ka'bah as supreme, and that they were not a mob of thugs and strayers. From the class, as Quraysh said
about them.
3. Quraysh accepted the political existence of the State of Medina. Prior to that, Quraysh had been thinking of
exterminating Muslims, but had now accepted that overthrowing Islam was no easy task and had to accept it as a
fact.
4. Any tribe wanted could be reconciled with God's Prophet (peace be upon him), in practice a solution to an
external problem and at the same time a privilege for the Muslims because they were in any case tribes that were not
close to the Prophet for fear of Quraysh. They were now free to become His Companions.
A warrior says: The war prevented people from talking to them. By the time the war turned into peace, everyone had
the least knowledge and knowledge of Islam and became a Muslim until some of the Shirk leaders, such as Khalid
ibn Waleed and Amr ibn Asa, became Muslims.

Lessons from the Treaty of Hudaibiyah:

Signing of the Treaty show, Patience, Tolerance, Leadership, Diplomacy, Far-sighted, Political view, Situational
analysis, Trust and Confidence in Allah.

This shows that one should work with diplomacy not with war. This treaty helped Islam to flourish in Arabic
peninsula.

Al-Hudaibiyah Treaty: Result and Socio-political Impact:

Huddaybiyah is still very important in Islam. After signing this treaty Quraish no longer thought Prophet
Muhammad was a Rebel from Makkah. Quraish also accepted Madinah as the Islamic state.

A series of events confirmed the profound wisdom and splendid results of the peace treaty which Allah called "a
manifest victory". How could it be otherwise when Quraish had recognized the legitimate Muslims’ existence on the
scene of political life in Arabia, and began to deal with the believers on equal terms? Quraish in the light of the
articles of the treaty, had indirectly relinquished its claim to religious leadership, and admitted that they were no
longer interested in people other than Quraish, and washed their hands of any sort of intervention in the religious
future of the Arabian Peninsula. The Muslims did not have in mind to seize people’s property or kill them through
bloody wars, nor did they ever think of pursuing any coercive approaches in their endeavors to propagate Islam, on
the contrary, their sole target was to provide an atmosphere of freedom as regards ideology or religion:

Many of the companions were opposed to this treaty and considered its clauses unfair and biased
against the Muslims. But with time they, perceived its positive results and beneficial effects.

1. The Quraysh's acknowledgement of the Muslim state - for an agreement can only be drawn up
between two equals. This had its effect on the other tribes.
2. Fear was introduced into the hearts of the polytheists and hypocrites and many of them now
expected that Islam would triumph. Signs of this were apparent in its acceptance by a number of
prominent Qurayshites such as Khalid ibn al-Waleed (may Allah be pleased with them)and `Amr
ibn al-`Aas(may Allah be pleased with them).
3. The opportunity was increased to spread Islam and make it known to people, which led to its
acceptance by many of the tribes.
4. The Muslims were no longer in danger from the Quraysh, so they could concentrate on the threat
from the Jews and other hostile tribes. Thus, the battle of Khaybar took place after the treaty of
Hudaybiyyah.
5. Negotiations leading to the treaty allowed the allies of Quraysh to understand the position of the
Muslims and sympathize with it. When al-Hulays ibn `Alqamah saw them reciting the Taliyah for
`Umrah, he returned to his associates and said, "I saw the sacrificial animals garlanded and marked,
so I do not think they should be prevented from the House of Allah."
6. The treaty of Hudaybiyyah enabled the Prophet (Peace and blessings of Allah upon him) to
prepare for the battle of Mu'tah, which was a new step in extending the call to Islam outside the
Arabian Peninsula.
7. The treaty of Hudaybiyyah enabled the Prophet (Peace and blessings of Allah upon him) to send
letters to the rulers of the Persians, Byzantines and Copts, inviting them to Islam.
8. The treaty of Hudaybiyyah led directly to the conquest of Makkah.

Who broke the treaty of Hudaybiyyah?

One of the terms of the Hudaybiyyah peace was that neither side should engage in armed conflict against either of
them or one of their allies. However, the Quraysh leaders armed the Bannu Bakr tribe and incited them to attack the
Khazaa, an ally of the Muslims, at night. The raid also involved a number of Quraysh people and killed, captured and
displaced members of the Prophet's allies.Right after two years the treaty polytheists of Makkah had violated the first
article of Treaty (abandoning the war), because Banu Khuza’a tribe were allied with Muslims and Banu Bakr were
with Quraish, but during a battle between the two in 8/629-630, some men from Quraish’s tribe killed some men of
Banu Khuza’a. This was the breaking of the Hudaybiyya treaty. They went to apologize with Abu Sufyan to Prophet
Muhammad PBUH but his apology was not accepted, then Prophet SAWW gathered a great army and moved
towards Makkah to expand Islam. . It was such that this clause was violated by the Quraysh polytheists. According to
the principles governing such treaties, the other party may also react to gross violations of the treaty, and the Prophet's
(PBUH) action to conquer Mecca in the eighth AH was a response to the polytheists' breach of the Haditha treaty.

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Fathe Makkah: Next followed the great event in the history of Islam that was the conquest of Makkah, the then
bastion of ignorance and disbelief. With it, idolatry was purged from the greater part of Arabia once and for all, and
Allah's Sacred House the Ka'aba was cleansed of the filth of man-made objects. The event took place during the
month of Ramadhan, in the year 8 A.H. and Makkah was liberated without a fight. Almighty Allah instilled the
hearts of the idolaters with such fear that when Abu Sufyan, the leader of the infidels, and his men, saw the Muslim
forces they were struck with awe and meekly surrendered. Thus the Messenger and his companions entered Makkah
triumphantly, smashed the idols, performed the Tawaf, and returned to Madina.
The conquest of Makkah and the purging of idols from Holy Ka'aba proved a great victory for Islam. Following the
event which is famous for Muhammad's (S) magnanimity towards his archenemies, the Makkan pagans, who all
accepted Islam, people started embracing the true faith in multitudes.