J. Soil Sci. and Agric. Eng., Mansoura Univ., Vol.

7 (8): 587 – 594,2016

Development of a Portable Pneumatic Grain Broadcasting Unit

Ahmad, M. C.
Agric. Eng. Res. Inst., A. R. C., Egypt

ABSTRACT
The present research was carried out in El-Sharkia Governorate, El-Sowa Village in 2014 season to develop and evaluate
a portable pneumatic grain broadcasting unit under Egyptian conditions in clay soil. The study included three fan peripheral
speeds of 1.7, 1.97 and 2.18 m/s, three grain path lengths of 50, 100 and 200mm from air outlet under and two states of grains
(dry and germinated). These parameters were evaluated with horizontal and vertical fan positions, comparing to manual
broadcasting on rice grains (Giza 178). Broadcasting width, coefficient of variance (CV), coefficient of distribution uniformity
(CU), consumed energy according to power requirements and total costs were determined under split-split plot design with three
replicates for all treatments. The obtained results showed that fan peripheral speed of 2.18 m/s and outlet path length of 100mm
with horizontal fan gave the best results for all measurements, which obtained thebroadcasting widths of 10.2 and 8.8 m were
obtained under horizontal fan with dry and germinated grains, respectively. The least and highest values of CV, CU, Consumed
energy and were 17.33 and 82.67 for dry grains and 19.11 and 80.89 for germinated grains respectively. At the above conditions
the consumed energy broadcasting costs values were 0.56 and 0.87 kWh/fed, and 10.60 and 13.85 LE/fed for dry and germinated
grains, respectively comparing to 20 LE/fed with the traditional method. Finally, the study recommends developing the
broadcasting unit to overcome the problems of fragmented, small holdings, which need suitable small machinery with the
possibility of trying them in broadcasting other précised seeds. It is also, recommended to study the number and angles of vanes
and simultaneously studying different fan diameters and then the material of its manufacturing.
Keywords: broadcasting, distribution, peripheral speed, air velocity

INTRODUCTION obtainedby using developed distributor unit at diameter

of pipe 5.08 cm and air stream velocities of 12.5 and
The cultivated area of rice is about 0.55 × 106 17.75 m/s. Best uniformity of grain distribution
hectare (1.363 million feddans) that produced about obtainedby using developed distributor at pipe diameter
4.79 × 103Mgpaddy rice. Because of fragmented areas, of 3.81 cm and air stream velocities of 12.5 and 17.75
most farmers use the manual method to broadcast grains m/s. Increasing of air stream velocity increased grain
in their fields, which give undistribution uniformity. discharge for all varieties of small grains at steady gate
Mechanical rice planting is very important in saving out area 4.28 cm2.Khoshtaghaza and Mehdizadeh
hand labor, improving production, allowing further (2006) showed that by increasing mass of the kernel
mechanization and decreasing production costs. Helmy from 0.02 to 0.05 g and moisture content from 7 to 20 %
et al. (2000) concluded that the grain yield of rice crop (w.b.), its terminal velocity increased linearly from 7.04
variety Giza 181, by using the mechanical drilling in dry to 7.74 m/s and 6.81 to 8.63 m/s, respectively. Alireza
condition, gave the lowest cost (87.5 L.E./Mg) and and Sheikhdavoodi (2012) stated that the uniformity and
highest net profit (412.5 L.E./Mg). Kamel et al. (2002) accuracy of seed broadcasting on field surface is
indicated that there are significant differences in the significant parameter of broadcaster performance and
amount skewing, coefficient of variation and minimum improper and inaccurate broadcasting causes abnormal
and maximum points in the overlapped pattern of and nonhomogeneous soil fertility which is against to
resulting from choice of methods. Using blades with the purposes of sustainable agriculture. Also,
curved C- shaped, the coefficient of variation was broadcasters are used for planting seeds like wheat,
varied from about 51.05 to 38.04 % for spinner speed of barley etc., so it’s appropriate performance effect on
540 rpm and -10 blade angle degrees without wind crop production.
protection. Using spiral curved shaped blades; the Aerodynamic properties such as the terminal
coefficient of variation was varied from 42.70 to 32.93 velocities of agricultural products are important and
% at the same conditions. Kishta and Eliwa (2005) required for the design of air conveying systems and the
developed and evaluated a portable grain and fertilizers separation equipment. Physical properties such as
spreader. They found that the highest uniformity density, shape and size, etc. need to be known for
coefficient of distribution, field efficiency and lowest calculating the terminal velocity and drag coefficient for
cost of 95.80 %, 61.60 % and 1.57 LE/fed respectively separating the desirable products from unwanted
is noticed at better speed of 500 rpm when using the materials. As a result, aerodynamic properties such as
electrical device in the wheat field. Increasing total terminal velocity and drag coefficient are needed for air
required time 1.2 h/fed by manual device (fertilizer) conveying and pneumatic separation of materials (Gupta
caused to continuous decreasing in effective field et al., 2007). Gharekhani et al. (2013)mentioned that the
capacity. Moradet al. (2005) reported that the optimum terminal velocity ofand white rice increased linearly
distribution pattern and high degree of fertilizer with an increase in moisture content from 5 to 37%
uniformity can be achieved under the following (w.b.). The drag coefficient of white rice decreased
conditions: Linear speed of about 10.5 m/s, (500 rpm), linearly while for paddies the two varieties showed a
blade angle of +15 deg forward, (0.26 rad), dip angle of quadratic trend with moisture content increase.
0 deg (0 rad), gate opening of 16.63 cm2 and machine Generally, the use of tractor with ordinary attached
forward speed of about 6 km/h. Abo El-Naga(2006) broadcasting machines could be compact the soil layers
found that the best uniformity of grain distribution due to its heavy weight. Therefore, the object of this
Ahmad, M. C.

research is to develop and evaluate a broadcasting unit develop and evaluate a portable pneumatic grain-
to give the best performance at rice grain planting. broadcastingunit during 2014 season.
The developed portable unit
MATERIALS AND METHODS Specifications of the developed portable unit
Field experiments were carried out at private presented in Table (1) and illustrated in Fig. (1), which
farm at El-Sowa Village, El-Sharkia Governorate, to consists of:
Table (1): Specifications of the developed portable unit
Item Specifications Item Specifications
Engine 2 strokes, air cooling, single cylinder, gasoline Air flow (m³/h) 640
Cylinder Volume (cc) 70 Air velocity (m/sec.) 100
Engine (rpm) 6000 Fuel cons.(L/h) 4.25
Power (kW) 3.68 Fuel tank (L.) 1.8
Mass net (kg) 15.5 Tank capacity (L.) 20

Fig. 1.The developed portable unit

The developed portable unit consists mainly of rice grain flow. At the bottom outlet of the hopper there
the grain hopper, broadcasting device and power is an outlet grain gate with area of 5.069 cm2 (2);
system.The specifications of each part could be controlled by the outlet grain controller (5), and a plastic
discussed as follows: grain hose (6) of about 30 mm diameter and 500 mm
Grain hopper length.
The developed portable unit (Fig. 2) has a The grain hose was connected to the end of the
quadrilateral steel hopper (1), 0.5 mm thickness with air duct tube (4) at hole as the outlet path length [the
dimensions of 600 mm height and 500 mm upper width point where air duct and grains are facing before leaving
with 100 mm bottom width at approximately volume of the tube end and hit the spreader fan (8).
0.062 m3. A 30 mm outlet diameter was adjusted for

Fig. 2: A schematic diagram of the developed portable unit

1- Hopper;2- Grain gate;3- Engine and pump;4- Air duct tube; 5- Gate control;6- Grain tube;7- Flexible hose; 8- Spreader fan
9- Spreader fan;10- Broadcasting grains; 11- Grain inlet hole

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J. Soil Sci. and Agric. Eng., Mansoura Univ., Vol. 7 (8), August, 2016

Broadcasting device thickness respectively. The vanes angle was adjusted at

The developed unit has a plastic spreader fan zero deg. according to (Moradet al. 2005). The
(Fig. 3) with 130 and 40 mm maximum diameter and broadcasting device is rotating depending on the air
height. The number of vertical hexagonal vanes is 12 ducted from the engine pump through the air duct tube
vans with 400 × 400 × 1.0 mm height, width and (4).

Fig. 3: Plastic spreader fan

Power system Egypt. The grains werecleaned manually to remove all
As in Fig. 2, the engine (3) of about 3. 68 kW foreign matters, broken and immature grains. Then
transmits the power to an inertial aluminum pump some characteristics of rice grain as tabulated in Table
which blasts air that broadcasting grains through (3). Moisture content was 12.2% (wet basis) which
blowing air. determined using a pre-calibrated moisture meter (Wile
The experimental tests done in Soil Dept., Faculty 35).
of Agric., Zagazig University at clay soil texture. Soil To determine the repose angle of grainsthe
specifications are presentedin Table (2). following equation (Jha ,1999) was used:
Table (2): Soil properties: -
Soil composition%
Sand, % Soil texture Where, θ is the angle of repose in degrees, and H and D
Clay, % Silt, %
Coarse Fine are the height and diameter of the heap in mm,
48 20 5.2 26.8 Clay respectively.
Therice grains, variety Giza 178were obtained The developed portable unitwas evaluated for
from Al-Serw Agric. Res. Station, Agric. Res.Center, broadcast 60 kg/fed of both dry and germinatedgrains.
Table (3): Some characteristics ofgrains
Bulk density, Moisture content, Angle of repose, Coefficient of friction Diameter range,
Grains state
(g/cm3) (%) (deg.) with plastic (mm)
Dry 0.545 12.2 44±0.28 0.54±0.41 2-4±0.34
Germinated 0.684 19.5 52±0.28 0.61±0.41 2.2-4.3±0.24
The variables of study included; - Graduated flask: One liter graduated flask with
- Three spreader fan rotational speeds of 250, 290 and accuracy of 0.01 cm3 was used to measure grains bulk
320 rpm represents fan peripheral speeds of 1.7 m/s, density.
1.97 and 2.18 m/s, respectively according to three air - Moisture content caliper: A Wile 35 Moisture meter
velocities of 50, 75 and 90 m/s, respectively. was used for measuring grains moisture content (wet
- Three grain path lengths of 50, 100 and 200 mm from basis) before broadcasting grains.
air outletwere pinpointed by making three circular - Electronic balance: An electronic balance was used
holes on the air duct tube before the end of the grain for weighing grains while filling grain hopper before
outlet path (Fig. 2 in ELEV view). Two of the three broadcasting grains with accuracy of 0.5 g.
holes must be closed while using the third one in each - Wooden frame: A square wooden frame of 1.0 m2
treatment to prevent air leakage. with 50 mm height was constructed. The frame
- Two grain states; dry and germinated in dry and bottom was covered by a plastic sheet for gathering
muddy soil, respectively. the broadcasted grains during laboratory tests.
- Three broadcasting systems of horizontal and vertical Experimental procedure:
spreader fan position and manual. The experimental procedure includes three divisions
Instrumentation as:
- Speedometer: Speedometer laser technique was used 1- Laboratory experiments: They were done by
for measuring the broadcasting fan. extendinga square plastic sheet of 15 x 15 m on the
ground which was used as a field ground. Then the

589
Ahmad, M. C.

developed broadcasting unit was used for all ρ.f= density of fuel, kg / L (for diesel = 0.85),
treatments which were carried out depending on L.C.V= calorific value of fuel (10000 kcal / kg),
steady-hand operator (without moving from left to 427= thermo-mechanical equivalent, J / kcal,
right and without twisting) to pinpoint the ηth= thermal efficiency of engine (≈ 35% for diesel
broadcasting centerline and measure the broadcasting engines) and
width, and number and weight of grain per m2. ηmec= mechanical efficiency of engine (≈80%).
2- Field-experimental tests: They were done in field to The specific energy calculated by using the
determine the human walking speed (ground speed) in following equation
mud soil which found about 2.4± 0.45km/h (0.76 Power requiremen t (kW )
Specific energy (kW.h / fed )  ..( 6)
Effective field capacity ( fed / h)
m/n), field capacity and field efficiency, number of
grain in m2. Therefore, the broadcasting time and the D- Broadcasting cost.
timed consumed as re-filling the hopper with grains The economic machinery costs (fixed and
three times/fed with dry grains and four times with variable) as well as repair and maintenance is derived
germinated grains were determined. Also some from theories described by Nilsson (1972), Have (1991)
weather measurements were estimated as wind speed and Hunt (1995), and expresses the total yearly fixed
of 2.1 km/h (0.69 m/s) and the air temperature varied and variable costs as a function of machine capacity:
from 22 to 28 oC.  A xU 
C   x  x   x(r x  x  L   x  ) / Pr .........(7)
Experimental design   x FE 
In split-split plot design, an experimental area of Where; C: is the total yearly costs (LE),
about 2.0 feddans were divided into two main plots Ψ: is a factor expressing depreciation and interest as
represent the grain status (dry and germinated grains) a fraction of the purchase price, (1/year)
and each of them was divided into three sup plots ρ: is the purchase price per unit capacity (LE.h/ton),
according to the used broadcasting system (horizontal or θ: is the machine capacity (ton/h),
vertical spreader fan position and manual broadcasting). A: is the treated seasonal area (fed/year),
Two of sub plots were divided into three sub-sub plots U: is the expected crop yield (ton/fed),
according to spreader fan peripheral speeds. FE: is the field efficiency expressing the ratio
The experimental treatments were carried out between gross and theoretical capacity,
after the soil tillage and irrigation then puddling r: is a factor expressing repair and maintenance
(leveling in water) and were replicated three times. The costs as a fraction of purchase price,
outlet grain gate was adjusted for the two broadcasting δ: is the fuel costs proportional to the capacity
systems at 60 kg/fed. (LE/L), and
Measurements Pr: is process productivity (ton).
A - Broadcasting width - Statistical analysis:The obtained data were
The broadcasting width were measured as tabulatedand analyzed statistically by using a
indicated of distribution uniformity widthwhich computer program of Microsoft excel window 2007
includes the coefficient of variation and coefficient of for estimating the regression analysis and the
uniformity. probability at level5%.
- Coefficient of Variation (CV) can be determined
according to Coates (1992), the standard deviation () RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
and coefficient of variation (CV) are determined as
follows: A- Effect of spreader fan peripheral speed on
  (x i  xa ) 2
.............................(2)
broadcasting width
n 1 From Fig.4, it was indicated that increasing fan
Where: peripheral speed resulted in increasing broadcasting
xi= The individual reading. width. For dry grains, results in Fig. 4 (A) shows that
xa= Mean reading =  xi the most amount of grainsis distributed in small width at
n lower fan peripheral speed of 1.7 m/s compared with the
n = Number of readings. high speeds of 1.97 and 2.18 m/s which increases the
 broadcasting width around the centerline of the portable
C.V .  x100 .......... .......... .......... ......( 3)
xa unit carrier especially under 200mm outlet path length.
- Coefficient of distribution uniformity (CU) The broadcasting width using fan peripheral
The coefficient of distribution uniformity is speed of 2.18 m/s and outlet path length of 200 mmwere
calculated by the following equation, (Dragos, 1975): 10.2 and 6.4 m respectively for horizontal and vertical
C.U .  1  CV .........................................(4) fan. While themanual broadcasting width was 4.4 m. It
B- Energy requirements is clear that fan peripheral speed of 2.18 m/s and outlet
The following formula was used to estimate path length of 200 mm showed the highest broadcasting
power consumption (Hunt, 1983): width. Fan peripheral speed of 1.7 m/s with outlet path
FC x  . f x LCV x 427 x  th x  mec length of 50mm showed the least values of broadcasting
P kW.......... .......... (5) width whilefan peripheral speed of 1.97 m/s and outlet
3600 x 75 x 1.36
path length of 100 mm showed medium values and the
Where: two factors gave similar trends.
FC= fuel consumption, L/h,

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For germinated grains, similar trends were shown way fan peripheral speed of 1.7 m/s and outlet path
in Fig. 4 (B). Under the same previous conditions of fan length 50 mm showed the least values of broadcasting
peripheral speed and outlet path length values of width and medium values were obtained under fan
broadcasting widths were 8.8, 5.5 and 3.7 m for peripheral speed of 1.97 m/s with two other outlet path
horizontal fan, vertical fan and manual broadcasting, length of 50 and 100 mm. This result may be attributed
respectively. These results using fan peripheral speed of to the increase in centrifugal force occurred by high fan
2.18 m/s and 200 mm outlet path length. In the same peripheral speed which caused increasing fan speed.

Horizontal spreader fan Vertical spreader fan

(A) Dry grains

Horizontal spreader fan Vertical spreader fan

(B) Germinated grains

Fig.4: Effect of fan peripheral speed and outlet path on broadcasting width for (A): dry grains and (B)
germinated grains

Effect of fan peripheral speed and outlet path length length of 50, 100 and 200 mm for horizontal and
on CV and CU. vertical position, respectively. Results show that, the
Fig. 5 shows the effect of fan peripheral speed suitable peripheral speed for dry grains is 2.18 m/s. The
and outlet path length on CV for both dry and two other outlet path length showed similar results and
germinatedgrainsat different positions of fan comparing trends.
to manual broadcasting. For dry grains from Fig 5 (A), With germinated grains Fig. 5 (B), the same trend
it is clear that increasing fan peripheral speed resulted in for CV values were shown for all treatments comparing
decreasing CV values under all treatments and to the control treatments under the same conditions with
consequently increasing the CU. Also, it is obvious that dry grains. CV values at fan peripheral speed of 1.7,
using fan showed a decrement in CV values comparing 1.97 and 2.18 m/s with 100 mm outlet path lengthwere
with the controltreatment. Using horizontal fan gave the 25.23, 21.12 and 19.11, and 27.23, 25.15 and 21.45 for
least values for CV in all treatments. CV values at fan horizontal and vertical fan positions respectively,
peripheral speed of 1.7, 1.97 and 2.18 m/s with 100 mm comparing to 49.71 for control treatment (manual
outlet path lengthwere 20.22, 18.25 and17.33, and broadcasting). The highest values of CU are 74.77,
22.21, 21.15 and19.10 for horizontal and vertical fan 78.88 and 80.89 and 72.77, 74.85, 78.55 obtained at the
positions respectively, comparing to 47.50 for control same previous conditions. These results may be
treatment (manual broadcasting).The highest values of attributed to the increase in centrifugal force occurred at
CU are 79.78, 81.75 and 82.67, and 77.79, 78.85 and high peripheral speed.
80.90 for horizontal and vertical fan positions Although the outlet path length of 50 mm showed
respectively, obtained at the same previous conditions. the best broadcasting, but the number of grains per
These results may due to the increase in centrifugal m2was less than the recommended values. Therefore,
force occurred at high peripheral speed. So, the outlet path length of 100 mm showed the best values of
coefficient of variation could be decreased by increase number of grains per m2. The regression analysis
fan peripheral speed. showed that outlet path length is an important factor
The best distribution pattern is coincided the which affects the coefficient of variations of
lowest values of CV. The fan peripheral speed of 2.18 broadcasting (R2 = 0.957). It was found that, with the
gave the lowest value of CV of 22.71, 17.33 and20.19, probability of 5% which meant outlet path length value
and 27.11, 19.01 and 23.11 under different outlet path affects coefficient of variations of broadcasting. These

591
Ahmad, M. C.

results may be because more fan peripheral speed impact for grains with scattering fan with 50 mm and
results in more grains distribution and in the same way more friction with 200 mm which showed the obtained
the outlet path length of 50 and 200 m led to sudden results.

Horizontal spreader fan Vertical spreader fan

(A) Dry grains

Horizontal spreader fan Vertical spreader fan

(B) Germinated grains

Fig.5: Effect of fan peripheral speed and outlet path on coefficient of variation for: (A) dry grains and (B)
germinated grains

Effect of fan peripheral speed on specific energy: 1.12 to 0.45 kWh/fed, for dry and germinated grains,
Fig.6 shows that used dry grains, increasing fan respectively. The decrease of specific energy consumed
peripheral speed from 1.7 to 2.18 m/s decreased specific as the fan peripheral speed increased was attributed to
energy from 0.9 to 0.46 with horizontal fan positions change portable unit fuel consuming to the high
and from 1.12 to 0.57 kWh/fed, for vertical fan velocity. The specific energy values at the suitable
positions. However, using germinated grains, increasing portable unitfan peripheral speed of 2.18 m/s were 0.56
fan peripheral speed from 1.7 to 2.18 m/s decreased and 0.87 kWh/fed, for dry and germinated grains,
specific energy from 1.1 to 0.56 with horizontal fan respectively. These values of energy consumed are
positions and from 1.12 to 0.77 kWh/fed, for vertical considered economically so cheap comparing with the
fan positions respectively. The decrease of specific manual broadcastingspecially in mud as there is no
energy consumed as the fan peripheral speed increased other equipment could broadcast grains in mud and
was attributed to change portable unit fuel consuming to therefore, in Egypt,grain broadcasting is widely
the high velocity. manually operated.
Fig.6 shows that increasing fan peripheral speed
from 1.7 to 2.18 m/s decreased specific energy from

Dry grains Germinated grains

Fig.6: Effect of fan peripheral speed and outlet path length on specific energy under 100 mm outlet path
length with dry and germinated grains

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J. Soil Sci. and Agric. Eng., Mansoura Univ., Vol. 7 (8), August, 2016

Effect of different parameters on broadcasting cost: broadcasting according to the operator rental costs per
Although the outlet path length of 200 hour.
mm(Fig.7)showed the highest broadcasting width, the These mentioned results were estimated
outlet path length of 100 mm showed the least values of according to time consumed and timed consumed while
CV concerning the effect of ground speed on re-filling the hopper with grains. It is noticed that
broadcasting cost (LE/fed).Data indicated that at the increasing fan peripheral speed resulted in decreasing
mentioned ground speeds of 0.67 m/s with fan broadcasting cost. This was attributed to the increase in
peripheral speed of 2.18 m/s and outlet path length of portable unit field capacity and they were considered to
200 mm the average broadcasting costs were 10.60 and be acceptable compared with manual broadcasting.
13.85 LE/fed for dry and germinated grains,
respectively comparing to 20 LE/fed for manual

Dry grains Germinated grains

Fig.7: Effect of fan peripheral speed and outlet pathlength on broadcasting

cost under 200 mm outlet path length with dry and germinated
grains

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CONCLUSION
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‫تطوير آلة محمولة لنثر الحثوب تضغط الهواء‬

‫مختار قطة أحمد‬
‫معهد تحوث الهندسة الزراعية – مركز الثحوث الزراعية ‪ -‬مصر‬

‫ذعرثش عٍّ‪١‬ح تزاس اٌؽث‪ٛ‬ب ِٓ اٌعٍّ‪١‬اتخ اٌضساع‪١‬اح اٌّ‪ّٙ‬اح تعاذ ذ‪١ٙ‬راح ِشلاذ ِٕتذاة ٌٍثازسج تعٍّ‪١‬را‪ ٟ‬اٌؽشاشاح ‪ٚ‬اٌرٕعا‪ٚ ُ١‬ذارُ ت اش‪٠‬مر‪ٓ١‬‬
‫األ‪ٌٚ‬اا‪٠ ٝ‬ااذ‪٠ٚ‬ت ‪٘ٚ‬اا‪ ٟ‬ؽش‪٠‬مااح لذ‪ّ٠‬ااح ‪ٚ‬اٌصتٔ‪١‬ااح ذاارُ ت‪ٛ‬اذا ح ِعااذاخ اٌثاازاس اٌّ‪١‬ىااتٔ‪١‬ى‪٘ٚ ٟ‬اا‪ ٟ‬ؽش‪٠‬مااح ِر اا‪ٛ‬سج ‪ٚ‬ذماا‪ َٛ‬ةٌااح ٔصااش اٌؽثاا‪ٛ‬ب تضساعااح‬
‫اٌّؽتط‪ ً١‬اٌىص‪١‬فح ِصً األسص ‪ٚ‬اٌمّػ ‪ٚ‬اٌشع‪١‬ش ‪ٚ‬اٌثشذ‪ ُ١‬تعشع ذشغ‪ ً١‬ؼا‪ٛ‬اٌ‪ َ 5. 3 – 4 ٝ‬ؼساة ؼعاُ ا‪ٌ٢‬اح ‪ِٚ‬ات ذفراد اٌؽ‪١‬اتصج ‪ٚ‬طاغش‬
‫اٌّتؼتخ إٌّضسعح ٌعأ اٌّضاسع‪ٌّ ْٛ‬صً ٘زا إٌ‪ٛ‬ع ٌٍرخف‪١‬ف عٍ‪ ٝ‬اٌعتًِ ‪ٌٚ‬مٍ‪ ً١‬صِٓ اٌضساعح ِمتسٔح تتٌضساعح اٌ‪١‬ذ‪٠ٚ‬ح وّات نْ ‪٢‬تخ إٌصاش‬
‫اٌرمٍ‪١‬ذ‪٠‬ح ذعرّذ عٍ‪ٚ ٝ‬ظ‪ٛ‬د لشص ذٍم‪ٚ ُ١‬س‪٠‬ش عشػ‪١‬ح ذما‪ َٛ‬تٕصاش اٌؽثا‪ٛ‬ب تاتٌ شد اٌّشواض‪ِّ ٞ‬ات ‪٠‬ىساث‪ٙ‬ت ؽتلاح ؼشواح ىا‪ ٝ‬اٌّسار‪ ٜٛ‬األىما‪ٟ‬‬
‫‪ٌٚ‬ىٓ ذىصش ع‪ٛ١‬ب ٘زٖ اٌ شق ؼ‪١‬س اٌر‪ٛ‬ص‪٠‬ت اٌغ‪١‬ش ِٕارمُ ٌٍؽثا‪ٛ‬ب ٔساث‪١‬ت ق ِمتسٔاح تاثعغ ا‪٢‬تخ األماش‪ ٜ‬وّات نْ لاشص اٌرٍما‪١ ُ١‬اش ِ‪ٛ‬ظاة‬
‫اإلصاؼح ىال ‪٠‬شذثؾ ى‪ٙ١‬ت ِعذي اٌرٍم‪ ُ١‬تسشعح ذمذَ ا‪ٌ٢‬ح ِّت ‪٠‬ر ٍة ِ‪ٙ‬تساخ متطح ٌرٕس‪١‬ك ذاشعح اٌعّاً ِات ذاشعح ذماذَ ا‪ٌ٢‬اح وازٌه ذراأشش‬
‫وفتءج اٌر‪ٛ‬ص‪٠‬ت تتٌش‪٠‬تغ ِت طع‪ٛ‬تح ػثؾ عشع إٌصش ‪ٌٍٚ‬رغٍة عٍ‪٘ ٝ‬زٖ اٌّشتوً نظش‪٠‬د ٘زٖ اٌذساذاح ؼ‪١‬اس ذاُ ذ ا‪٠ٛ‬ش ‪ٚ‬ؼاذج ٔصاش ِؽّ‪ٌٛ‬اح‬
‫عٍ‪ ٝ‬ظ‪ٙ‬ش اٌعتًِ ذعًّ عٍ‪ٔ ٝ‬صش اٌؽث‪ٛ‬ب تؼغؾ اٌ‪ٛٙ‬اء ‪ -‬ى‪ ٝ‬ذشتح ؽ‪١ٕ١‬ح تعذ إظشاء عٍّ‪١‬اتخ اٌؽاشز ‪ٚ‬اٌرسا‪٠ٛ‬ح ‪ٚ‬اٌرٍا‪٠ٛ‬ؾ ىا‪ٚ ٝ‬ظا‪ٛ‬د اٌّاتء ‪-‬‬
‫اعرّتداق عٍ‪ٚ ٝ‬ظ‪ٛ‬د ِش‪ٚ‬ؼح تالذر‪١‬ه ِض‪ٚ‬دج تع‪ٛ‬اسع سنذ‪١‬ح ِصثرح ى‪ٙٔ ٝ‬ت‪٠‬ح ِتذ‪ٛ‬سج مش‪ٚ‬ض ٘‪ٛ‬اء ِاذى‪ٛ‬ع ؼ‪١‬اس ‪٠‬عّاً اٌ‪ٙ‬ا‪ٛ‬اء اٌّاذى‪ٛ‬ع عٍا‪ٝ‬‬
‫إداسج اٌّش‪ٚ‬ؼح راخ اٌع‪ٛ‬اسع تسشعتخ ِخرٍفح ‪ٚ‬لذ ذُ ذظٕ‪١‬ت ‪ٚ‬ذشو‪١‬ة مضاْ ؼث‪ٛ‬ب عٍ‪ ٝ‬شاىً ستاتع‪ ٝ‬ات‪ٚ‬ظاٗ تاعرّاتداق عٍا‪ ٝ‬اٌخظات ض‬
‫اٌ ث‪١‬ع‪١‬ح ٌؽث‪ٛ‬ب األسص) ِض‪ٚ‬د تث‪ٛ‬اتاح ماش‪ٚ‬ض اٌؽثا‪ٛ‬ب ‪ّ٠‬ىآ اٌارؽىُ ى‪ٙ١‬ات ‪ٚ‬ذرظاً ٔ‪ٙ‬ت‪٠‬راٗ ِآ نذافً تٕ‪ٙ‬ت‪٠‬اح ِتذا‪ٛ‬سج ماش‪ٚ‬ض اٌ‪ٙ‬ا‪ٛ‬اء اٌّاذى‪ٛ‬ع‬
‫ىرخشض اٌؽث‪ٛ‬ب اٌّذى‪ٛ‬عح تاتٌ‪ٛٙ‬اء ِظا ذِح تاتٌمشص ر‪ ٚ‬اٌعا‪ٛ‬اسع ىررٕاتشش اٌؽثا‪ٛ‬ب تشاىً ِٕارمُ ؼ‪١‬اس ‪ّ٠‬ىآ اٌارؽىُ ىا‪ ٝ‬عاشع إٌصاش‬
‫‪ٚ‬وّ‪١‬ح اٌؽث‪ٛ‬ب عٓ ؽش‪٠‬ك اٌرؽىُ ى‪ ٝ‬ذشعح اٌ‪ٛٙ‬اء اٌّذى‪ٛ‬ع ت‪ٛ‬اذ ح رساع ذ‪ٛ‬ط‪ ً١‬ى‪٠ ٝ‬ذ اٌعتًِ وّت ذُ اٌعًّ عٍ‪ ٝ‬ذصث‪١‬د ِتذ‪ٛ‬سج اٌخش‪ٚ‬ض‬
‫ٌعذَ اٌرؽشن اٌعتٔث‪ ٝ‬ذّد اٌرعشتح ى‪ِ ٝ‬ضسعح متطح راخ ذشتح ؽ‪١ٕ١‬ح ى‪ِ ٝ‬ؽتىمح اٌششل‪١‬ح ىا‪ِٛ ٝ‬ذاُ ‪ َ.152‬عٍا‪ ٝ‬صساعاح ؼثا‪ٛ‬ب األسص‬
‫طٕف ظ‪١‬ضج ‪ 556‬ؼ‪١‬س شٍّد ِرغ‪١‬شاخ اٌذساذح صساعح‪ 41‬وعُ‪/‬ىذأؽث‪ٛ‬ب األسص ى‪ ٝ‬ؼتٌر‪ِ ٓ١‬خرٍفر‪ ٓ١‬تتزسج ظتىح ىا‪ ٝ‬نسع ظتىاح – تازسج‬
‫ِسرٕثرح ى‪ ٝ‬نسع سؽثح) ‪ٚ‬وزٌه ذُ دساذح ذأش‪١‬ش ‪ٚ‬ػت ِش‪ٚ‬ؼح إٌصش تنىما‪ – ٝ‬سنذا‪ٚ )ٟ‬تعاذ ِخاشض اٌؽثا‪ٛ‬ب ت‪ِ .11 – 511 – 31‬اُ) عآ‬
‫ٔ‪ٙ‬ت‪٠‬ح ِتذ‪ٛ‬سج ماش‪ٚ‬ض اٌ‪ٙ‬ا‪ٛ‬اء اٌّاذى‪ٛ‬ع تساشعتخ ‪/َ . 56 5 75 5 5‬ز ‪ٚ‬اٌرا‪ ٝ‬ذاذ‪٠‬ش ِش‪ٚ‬ؼاح إٌصاش راخ اٌع‪ٛ‬اسػا‪ٛ‬ذأش‪١‬ش رٌاه عٍا‪ّٔ ٝ‬اؾ‬
‫اٌر‪ٛ‬ص‪٠‬ت تعشع إٌصش) ‪ِٚ‬مت‪١٠‬س اٌرشرد ِصً ِعتًِ اتٔرمتِ‪١‬ح ِعتًِ اتمرالف ‪ٚ‬وزٌه اٌرأش‪١‬ش عٍ‪ ٝ‬اٌ تلح اٌّسر‪ٍٙ‬ىح ‪ٚ‬اٌرىاتٌ‪١‬ف اٌىٍ‪١‬اح‬
‫‪ٚ‬نظ‪ٙ‬شخ إٌرت ط نْ ذشعح اٌ‪ٙ‬ا‪ٛ‬اء ‪/َ . 56‬ز ‪ٚ‬ؽا‪ٛ‬ي ِساتس ِخاشض اٌؽثا‪ٛ‬ب ‪ِ 511‬اُ ِات ‪ٚ‬ػات ِش‪ٚ‬ؼاح إٌصاش ىا‪ ٝ‬اٌ‪ٛ‬ػات األىما‪ ٟ‬نع اد‬
‫نىؼً إٌرت ط ٌعّ‪١‬ات اٌم‪١‬تذاتخ ؼ‪١‬اس نع اد نعٍا‪ ٝ‬عاشع ٔصاش ‪ِ 6 6 ٚ 51 .‬راش ٌٍؽثا‪ٛ‬ب اٌعتىاح ‪ٚ‬اٌّسارٕثرح عٍا‪ ٝ‬اٌر‪ٛ‬اٌ‪ٚ ٝ‬وتٔاد نلاً لا‪ُ١‬‬
‫ٌّعتًِ اتمارالف ‪ٚ‬نعٍا‪ ٝ‬إٔرمتِ‪١‬ح‪ٚ‬نىؼاً اٌما‪ ٌٍ ُ١‬تلاح اٌّسار‪ٍٙ‬ىح ‪ٚ‬اٌرىاتٌ‪١‬ف وتٔاد‪ 1 34 6. 45 55 11‬و‪ٍ١‬ا‪ٚٛ‬اخ ذاتعح‪/‬ىذاْ ‪51 41‬‬
‫ظٕ‪ /ٗ١‬ىذأعٍ‪ ٝ‬اٌر‪ٛ‬اٌ‪ٌٍ ٝ‬ؽث‪ٛ‬ب اٌعتىح ى‪ ٝ‬ؼ‪ ٓ١‬وتٔد اٌما‪ ُ١‬اٌّمتتٍاح ‪ 51 63 61 67 57 55‬و‪ٍ١‬ا‪ٚٛ‬اخ ذاتعح‪ /‬ىاذاْ ىا‪ ٝ‬ؼا‪ ٓ١‬وتٔاد ذىاتٌ‪١‬ف‬
‫إٌصش ‪ .1‬ظٕ‪/ٗ١‬ىذاْ ٌٍٕمتَ اٌرمٍ‪١‬ذ‪ٚ ٞ‬ذ‪ٛ‬ط‪ ٝ‬اٌذساذح ترظٕ‪١‬ت ةٌح إٌصش اٌّ ‪ٛ‬سج ٌٍرغٍاة عٍا‪ ٝ‬اٌّشاىالخ اٌرا‪ ٝ‬ذ‪ٛ‬اظ‪ٕٙ‬ات ِآ ذفراد اٌؽ‪١‬اتصاخ‬
‫‪ٚ‬طاغش٘ت ِّاات ‪٠‬ساار‪ٛ‬ظة ذاا‪ٛ‬ى‪١‬ش ةتخ ‪ِٚ‬عاذاخ طااغ‪١‬شج اٌؽعااُ ذٕتذااة اٌّساتؼتخ اٌظااغ‪١‬شج ِاات إِىتٔ‪١‬ااح ذعشتر‪ٙ‬ات ٌرٕتذااة صساعااح عذ‪٠‬ااذ ِاآ‬
‫اٌؽث‪ٛ‬ب األمش‪ٚ ٜ‬ذ‪ٛ‬ط‪ ٝ‬اٌذساذح ن‪٠‬ؼت ق تذساذح عذد ‪ٚ‬ص‪ٚ‬ا‪٠‬ت ِ‪ ً١‬اٌع‪ٛ‬اسع عٍ‪ِ ٝ‬ش‪ٚ‬ؼح إٌصش ‪ٚ‬تعاذ٘ت عآ ِخاشض اٌؽثا‪ٛ‬ب ‪ٚ‬وازٌه دساذاح‬
‫نل تس ِخرٍفح ٌّش‪ٚ‬ؼح إٌصش ‪ ٚ‬دساذح ٔ‪ٛ‬ع اٌّتدج اٌّظٕ‪ٛ‬ع ِٕ‪ٙ‬ت ِش‪ٚ‬ؼح إٌصش‬

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