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    Lalkjlkxjl Uk DK%: V"Ve% Ikb%

    Uploaded by

    Sujoy Mukherjee
    1. The passage discusses the traditional knowledge of water conservation held by boatmen on rivers in India. It describes how structures like boats and dams were used on rivers as depicted by the writer. 2. Boatmen played an important role in measuring, transporting, collecting tools and materials, and providing security for the construction of buildings near rivers. 3. They were respected for their skills and expertise in measuring dimensions like length, breadth and depth. Boatmen helped ensure the sustainable use of rivers.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Lalkjlkxjl Uk DK%: V"Ve% Ikb%

    Uploaded by

    Sujoy Mukherjee
    101 views9 pages
    1. The passage discusses the traditional knowledge of water conservation held by boatmen on rivers in India. It describes how structures like boats and dams were used on rivers as depicted by the writer. 2. Boatmen played an important role in measuring, transporting, collecting tools and materials, and providing security for the construction of buildings near rivers. 3. They were respected for their skills and expertise in measuring dimensions like length, breadth and depth. Boatmen helped ensure the sustainable use of rivers.

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    hhsk108

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    1. The passage discusses the traditional knowledge of water conservation held by boatmen on rivers in India. It describes how structures like boats and dams were used on rivers as depicted by the writer. 2. Boatmen played an important role in measuring, transporting, collecting tools and materials, and providing security for the construction of buildings near rivers. 3. They were respected for their skills and expertise in measuring dimensions like length, breadth and depth. Boatmen helped ensure the sustainable use of rivers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    101 views9 pages

    Lalkjlkxjl Uk DK%: V"Ve% Ikb%

    Uploaded by

    Sujoy Mukherjee
    1. The passage discusses the traditional knowledge of water conservation held by boatmen on rivers in India. It describes how structures like boats and dams were used on rivers as depicted by the writer. 2. Boatmen played an important role in measuring, transporting, collecting tools and materials, and providing security for the construction of buildings near rivers. 3. They were respected for their skills and expertise in measuring dimensions like length, breadth and depth. Boatmen helped ensure the sustainable use of rivers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    v"Ve% ikB%

    lalkjlkxjL; uk;dk%
    ¹izLrqr ikB vuqie feJ dh Ñfr vkt Hkh [kjs gSa rkykc osQ lalkj lkxj osQ
    uk;d uked vè;k; ls fy;k x;k gSA blesa foyqIr gksrs tk jgs ikjEifjd Kku]
    dkS'ky ,oa f'kYi osQ /uh xt/j osQ lEcU/ esa ppkZ dh x;h gSA ikuh osQ fy,
    ekuo fufeZr rkykc] ckoM+h tSls fuekZ.kksa dks ys[kd us ;gk¡ lalkj lkxj osQ :i
    esa fpf=kr fd;k gSAº

    osQ vklu~ rs vKkrukeku%\


    'kr'k% lgÏ'k% rMkxk% lglSo 'kwU;kr~ u izdVhHkwrk%A bes ,o rMkxk% v=k
    lalkjlkxjk% bfrA ,rs"kke~ vk;kstuL; usiF;s
    fuekZif;rÏ.kke~ ,dde~] fuekZr.Ï kka p n'kde~
    vklhr~A ,rr~ ,doaQ n'koaQ p vkgR;
    'kroaQ lgÏa ok jp;r% LeA ija foxrs"kq
    f}'kro"ks"Z kq uwrui¼R;k lektsu ;fRdf×pr~
    ifBre~A ifBrsu rsu lektsu ,doaQ n'koaQ
    lgÏoQ×p bR;s r kfu 'kw U ;s ,o
    ifjofrZrkfuA vL; uwrulektL; eufl
    b;efi ftKklk uS o mn~ H kw r k ;n~
    vLekRiwoeZ ~ ,rkor% rMkxku~ osQ jp;fUr
    LeA ,rkn`'kkfu dk;kZf.k dr±q KkuL; ;ks

    2020-21
    uwru% izfofèk% fodflr%] rsu izfof/uk¿fi iwo± lEikfnre~ ,rRdk;± ekif;raq u
    osQukfi iz;frre~A
    v| ;s vKkrukeku% orZUrs] iqjk rs cgqifz Fkrk% vklu~A v'ks"ks fg ns'ks rMkxk%
    fuehZ;Urs Le] fuekZrkjks¿fi v'ks"ks ns'ks fuolfUr LeA
    xt/j% bfr lqUnj% 'kCn% rMkxfuekZr.Ï kka lknja Lej.kkFkZeA~ jktLFkkuL; osQ"kqfpn~
    Hkkxs"kq 'kCnks¿;e~ v|kfi izpyfrA d% xt/j%\ ;% xtifjek.ka èkkj;fr l xtèkj%A
    xtifjek.ke~ ,o ekiudk;sZ mi;qT;rsA lekts
    f=kgLr& ifjek.kkfRedha ykSg;f"Va gLrs x`ghRok
    pyUr% xt/jk% bnkuha f'kfYi:is.k uSo
    lekn`rk% lfUrA xt/j%] ;% lektL; xkEHkh;±
    eki;sr~ bR;fLeu~ :is ifjfpr%A
    xt/jk% okLrq d kjk% vklu~ A dkea
    xzkeh.klektks Hkorq ukxjlektks ok rL;
    uo&fuekZ.kL; lqj{kkizcU/uL; p nkf;Roa
    xt/jk% fuHkky;fUr LeA uxjfu;kstukr~
    y?kqfuekZ.ki;ZUra lokZf.k dk;kZf.k ,rs"oso
    vkèk`rkfu vklu~A rs ;kstuka izLrqofUr Le]
    HkkfoO;;e~ vkdy;fUr Le] midj.kHkkjku~
    lÄ~ x`g.~ kfUr LeA izfrnkus rs u rn~ ;kpUrs Le ;n~ nkrqa rs"kka Lokfeu% vlEkFkkZ%
    Hkos;%q A dk;ZlekIrkS osrukfu vfrfjP; xtèkjsH;% lEekuefi iznh;rs LeA
    ue% ,rkn`'ksH;% f'kfYiH;%A

    lalkjlkxjL;
    51
    uk;dk%

    2020-21
    'kCnkFkkZ%

    lglSo (lglk$,o) & vdLekr~] vpkud


    izdVhHkwrk% & izdV gq,] fn[kkbZ fn,
    usiF;s & insZ osQ ihNs
    rMkxk% & rkykc
    fuekZif;rÏ.kke~ & cuokus okyksa dh
    fuekZrÏ.kke~ & cukus okyksa dh
    ,dde~ & bdkbZ
    n'kde~ & ngkbZ
    'krde~ & lSdM+k
    lgÏde~ & gtkj
    ftKklk & tkuus dh bPNk
    mn~Hkwrk & mRiUu gqbZ] tkx`r gqbZ
    vLekRiwoZe~ & blls igys
    ekif;rqe~ & ekius@ukius osQ fy;s
    iz;frre~ & iz;Ru fd;k
    cgqizfFkrk% & cgqr izfl¼
    v'ks"ks & lEiw.kZ
    fuehZ;Urs Le & cuk, tkrs Fks

    #fpjk
    52 r`rh;ks Hkkx%

    2020-21
    fuekZrkj% & cukus okys
    xt/j% & xt (yackbZ] pkSM+kbZ] xgjkbZ] eksVkbZ
    ekius dh yksgs dh NM+) dks /kj.k
    djus okyk O;fDr
    rMkxfuekZrÏ.kke~ & rkykc cukus okyksa osQ
    f=kgLrifjek.kkfRedhe~ & rhu gkFk osQ uki dh
    ykSg;f"Ve~ & yksgs dh NM+
    lekn`rk% & vknj dks izkIr
    xkEHkh;Ze~ & xgjkbZ
    okLrqdkjk% & Hkou vkfn dk fuekZ.k djus okys
    dkee~ & pkgs] Hkys gh
    fuHkky;fUr Le & fuHkkrs Fks
    vk/`rkfu & vk/kfjr
    vkdy;fUr Le & vuqeku djrs Fks
    midj.klEHkkjku~ & lk/u lkexzh dks
    lÄ~ x`g~.kfUr Le & laxzg djrs Fks
    izfrnkus & cnys esa
    ;kpUrs Le & ek¡xrs Fks
    vfrfjP; & vfrfjDr

    lalkjlkxjL;
    53
    uk;dk%

    2020-21
    vH;kl%
    1- ,dinsu mÙkjr&
    (d) dL; jkT;L; Hkkxs"kq xt/j% 'kCn% iz;Tq ;rs\
    ([k) xtifjek.ka d% /kj;fr\
    (x) dk;ZlekIrkS osrukfu vfrfjP; xt/jsH;% ¯d iznh;rs Le\
    (?k) osQ f'kfYi:is.k u lekn`rk% HkofUr\
    2- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukukeqÙkjkf.k fy[kr&
    (d) rMkxk% oqQ=k fuehZ;Urs Le\
    ([k) xt/jk% dfLeu~ :is ifjfprk%\
    (x) xt/jk% ¯d oqQoZfUr Le\
    (?k) osQ lEekuuh;k%\
    3- js[kkfÄïrkfu inkfu vk/`R; iz'u&fuekZ.ka oqQ#r&
    (d) lqj{kkizcU/uL; nkf;Roa xt/jk% fuHkky;fUr LeA
    ([k) rs"kka Lokfeu% vleFkkZ% lfUrA
    (x) dk;ZlekIrkS osrukfu vfrfjP; lEekuefi izkIuqofUrA
    (?k) xt/j% lqUnj% 'kCn% vfLrA
    (Ä) rMkxk% lalkjlkxjk% dF;UrsA
    4- v/ksfyf[krs"kq ;Fkkisf{kra l¯U/@foPNsna oqQ#r&
    (d) v| $ vfi ¾ ---------------
    ([k) ---------- $ ---------- ¾ Lej.kkFkZe~
    (Xk) bfr $ vfLeu~ ¾ ---------------
    (?k) ---------- $ ---------- ¾ ,rs"oso
    (Ä) lglk $ ,o ¾ ---------------

    #fpjk
    54 r`rh;ks Hkkx%

    2020-21
    5- e×tw"kkr% leqfprkfu inkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
    jp;fUr x`ghRok lglk ftKklk lg

    (d) Nk=kk% iqLrdkfu -------------------- fo|ky;a xPNfUrA


    ([k) ekykdkjk% iq"iS% ekyk% --------------------------------A
    (x) ee eufl ,dk ------------------------------- orZrAs
    (?k) jes'k% fe=kS% ----------------- fo|ky;a xPNfrA
    (Ä) ---------------------- ckfydk r=k vglrA

    6- infuekZ.ka oqQq #r&


    /krq% izR;;% ine~
    ;Fkk& Ñ $ rqeuq ~ ¾ drZeq ~
    â $ rqeuq ~ ¾ -------------
    r` $ rqeuq ~ ¾ -------------
    ;Fkk& ue~ $ DRok ¾ uRok
    xe~ $ DRok ¾ -------------
    R;t~ $ DRok ¾ -------------
    Hkqt~ $ DRok ¾ -------------
    milxZ% /krq% izR;;% ¾ ine~
    ;Fkk& mi xe~ Y;i~ ¾ mixE;
    le~ iwt~ Y;i~ ¾ -----------------
    vk uh Y;i~ ¾ -----------------
    iz nk Y;i~ ¾ -----------------

    lalkjlkxjL;
    55
    uk;dk%

    2020-21
    7- dks"BosQ"kq nÙks"kq 'kCns"kq leqfprka foHkfDra ;kstf;Rok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
    ;Fkk& fo|ky;a ifjr% o`{kk% lfUrA (fo|ky;)
    (d) -------------------- mHk;r% xzkek% lfUrA (xzke)
    ([k) -------------------- loZr% v^kfydk% lfUrA (uxj)
    (x) f/o~Q --------------------A (dkiq#"k)
    ;Fkk& e`xk% e`x%S lg /kofUrA (e`x)
    (d) ckydk% -------------------- lg iBfUrA (ckfydk)
    ([k) iq=k -------------------- lg vki.ka xPNfrA (fir`)
    (x) f'k'kq% -------------------- lg ØhMfrA (ekr`)

    ;ksX;rk&foLrkj%

    vuqie feJ&ty laj{k.k osQ ikjaifjd Kku dks lekt osQ lkeus ykus dk Js; ftu
    yksxksa dks gS Jh vuqie feJ (tUe 1948) muesa vxzx.; gSAa ^vkt Hkh [kjs gSa
    rkykc* vkSj ^jktLFkku dh jtr cwn¡ *sa ikuh ij mudh cgqi'z kaflr iqLroaQs gSAa

    Hkk"kk&foLRkkj%
    dkjd
    lkekU; :i ls nks izdkj dh foHkfDr;k¡ gksrh gSAa
    1- dkjd foHkfDr 2- miin foHkfDrA
    dkjd fpg~uksa osQ vk/kj ij tgk¡ inksa dk iz;ksx gksrk gS mls dkjd foHkfDr dgrs
    gSAa fdUrq fdUgha fo'ks"k inksa osQ dkj.k tgk¡ dkjd fpÉksa dh mis{kk dj fdlh fo'ks"k

    #fpjk
    56 r`rh;ks Hkkx%

    2020-21
    foHkfDr dk iz;ksx gksrk gS mls miin foHkfDr dgrs gS]a tSl&s
    loZr% vfHkr%] ifjr%] f/o~Q vkfn inksa osQ ;ksx esa f}rh;k foHkfDr gksrh gSA
    mnk & (d) fo|ky;a ifjr% iq"ikf.k lfUrA
    ([k) f/o~Q ns'knzkfs g.ke~A
    lg] lkde~] lk¼Ze]~ lea osQ ;ksx esa r`rh;k foHkfDr gksrh gSA
    mnk & (d) tuosQu lg iq=k% xr%A
    ([k) nqtuZ us lea l[;e~A
    ue%] LofLr] Lokgk] Lo/k osQ ;ksx esa prqFkhZ foHkfDr iz;Dq r gksrh gS&
    mnk & (d) ns'kHkDrk; ue%A
    ([k) ue% ,rkn`'ksH;% f'kfYiH;%A
    (x) tusH;% LofLrA
    vye~ 'kCn osQ nks vFkZ gS&a i;kZIr ,oa er (okj.k osQ vFkZ es)a A i;kZIr osQ vFkZ esa
    prqFkhZ foHkfDr gksrh gS tSl&s ns'knzkfs g.ks vya ns'kj{kdk%A
    euk djus osQ vFkZ esa r`rh;k foHkfDr gksrh gS] tSl&s vya fooknsuA
    fouk osQ ;ksx esa f}rh;k] r`rh;k ,oa i×peh foHkfDr;k¡ gksrh gSa] tSls&ifjJea@
    ifjJes.k@ifjJekr~ fouk u xfr%A
    fuEufyf[kr fØ;kvksa osQ ,dopu cukus dk iz;kl djs&a
    vkdy;fUr] lÄ~ x`ÊfUr] izLrqofUrA
    ftKklk&tkuus dh bPNkA blh izdkj osQ vU; 'kCn gS&a fiiklk] ftfXe"kk] foo{kk] cqHkq{kkA

    Hkko&foLrkj%
    vxj ge è;ku ls ns[ksa rks gekjs pkjksa rjiQ Kku ,oa dkS'ky osQ fofo/ :i fn[kkbZ
    nsrs gSAa blesa oqQN Kku vkSj dkS'ky iQyrs&iwQyrs gSa vkSj dbZ fujarj {kh.k gksrs gSAa

    lalkjlkxjL;
    57
    uk;dk%

    2020-21
    blosQ dbZ mnkgj.k gekjs lkeus gSAa ikuh dk O;oLFkkiu laj{k.k vkSj [ksrh&ckM+h dk
    ikjaifjd rkSj&rjhdk] f'kYi rFkk dkjhxjh dk Kku nqyHZ k vkSj foyqIr gksus osQ dxkj
    ij gSA ogha vfHk;kfU=kdh ,oa lapkj ls lacfa /r Kku u, mHkkj ij gSAa njvly fdl
    rjg dk Kku vkSj dkS'ky vkxs fodflr vkSj izxfq .kr gksxk vkSj fdl rjg dk Kku
    ,oa dkS'ky fiNM+xs k] foyqIr gksus osQ fy, foo'k gksxk ;g bl ckr ij fuHkZj djrk
    gS fd ns'k vkSj lekt fdl rjg osQ Kku ,oa dkS'ky osQ fodkl esa viuk Hkfo";
    lqjf{kr ,oa lq[ke; ekurk gSA
    ifj;kstuk&dk;Ze~
    vkus okyh Nqf^;ksa esa vius vkl&ikl osQ {ks=k osQ mu ikjaifjd Kku ,oa dkS'kyksa dk
    irk yxk,¡ ftudk LFkku lekt esa vc fujarj ?kV jgk gSA mUgsa dksbZ mfpr izkRs lkgu
    ugha fey jgk gS ;k os foyqIr gksus osQ dxkj ij gSAa mudh ,d lwph Hkh rS;kj djsa
    vkSj muosQ fy, iz;Dq r gksus okys laLÑr 'kCn fy[ksAa vius vkSj vius fe=kksa }kjk
    rS;kj dh xbZ vyx&vyx lwfp;ksa dks lkeus j[krs gq, bu ikjaifjd dkS'kyksa osQ
    foyqIr gksus osQ dkj.kksa dk irk yxk,¡A

    #fpjk
    58 r`rh;ks Hkkx%

    2020-21

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