Electronics and

Computing
• Electronics • MP3 players
• Cell Phones • Computers

By Jeanne Nye, Andrew Greenberg, Ph.D., Zeeshan Yacoob,

and Angela Jones, Ph.D.
 From Computers to Cellphones, GPS to
Bluetooth, Wi-Fi to Smartcards.

Image Source:
http://www.apple.com/ipodnano/design.html

Image Source:
http://www.beststuff.com/images/articles/112106a1.jpg

Image Source:
http://images.photogallery.indiatimes.com/photo.cms?msid=2074380 GPS

How can small science help us communicate

across big distances?
 What is nanotechnology?
A description -
• Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at
dimensions between approximately 1 and 100 nanometers, or
nanoscale.
• Unusual physical, chemical, and biological properties can
emerge in materials at the nanoscale. These properties may
differ in important ways from the properties of bulk materials
and single atoms or molecules.
• Encompassing nanoscale science, engineering, and
technology, nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring,
modeling, and manipulating matter at this length scale.

Note: This slide and the next 9 slides are the same for all research areas.
Resource: www.nano.gov
 How BIG is nano?
Macrosize
meters, decimeters, centimeters, millimeters

Child Hand Pi nk y Fi nger Freck le St rand o f Hai r

100 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-4

A child is about 1 meter tall A hand is about 1 decimeter wide A pinky finger is about A freckle is about 1 millimeter wide A hair is about one tenth of a
1 meter = 1,000,000,000 nm 1 decimeter = 100,000,000 nm 1 centimeter wide 1 millimeter = 1,000,000 nm millimeter wide
(1 billion nanometers) (100 million nanometers) 1 centimeter = 10,000,000 nm (1 million nanometers) 0.1 millimeter = 100,000 nm
(10 million nanometers) (100 thousand nanometers)

Microsize Nanosize
micrometers nanometers
Red Blood Cell Bac t er i a Virus Cell M em brane Sugar M o l ecul e Atom

10-5 10-6 10-7 10-8 10-9 10-10

A red blood cell is about A bacterium is about A viron is about one tenth A cell membrane is about A sugar molecule is about An atom is about one tenth
10 micrometers wide 1 micrometer wide of a micrometer wide 10 nanometers wide 1 nanometer wide of a nanometer wide
10 micrometers = 10,000 nm 1 micrometer = 1,000 nm 0.1 micrometer = 100 nm 10 nanometers = 10 nm 1 nanometer = 1 nm 0.1 nanometer = 0.1 nm
(10 thousand nanometers) (1 thousand nanometers) (1 hundred nanometers)

Created in 2008 by Sciencenter, Ithaca, NY, www.sciencenter.org

Accompanying book available for purchase at www.lulu.com

This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. ESI-0532536.
Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s)
and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
 Nanoscale
1 nanometer =
1 billionth (10-9) of a
meter

D 109 D

a marble
 Why do we care?
Things behave differently at this scale
• Quantum mechanics plays a
much more important role
• For example,
– A brick of gold is shiny and
“gold”-colored.
– A vial of gold nanoparticles in
solution can be a range of colors
depending on the size of the
nanoparticles.
– This is because of a phenomenon
know as quantum confinement. Suspensions of discrete (separated)
gold nanoparticles in clear solution
vary in color from pink to purple as
the nanoparticle size gets bigger.
Image source: “Causes of Color”, WebExhibits,
http://www.webexhibits.org/causesofcolor/9.html
 Why else do we care?
This is the scale of biological processes
• Human cells and bacteria have
diameters around 1-10 Structure of DNA
micrometers PDB ID: 1BNA

BUT
• Cellular machinery is on the
nanoscale
– Diameter of DNA is ~2
nanometers
– Hemoglobin, the protein that
carries oxygen through the
body, is 5.5 nanometers in
diameter
Structure of hemoglobin
PDB ID: 1BUW
 One more reason: surface area
Another reason nanomaterials behave differently from bulk materials of
the same chemical is because of surface area – or the area of an object
that is an exposed surface.
For this cube, each
edge is 1 meter in For these
length. cubes,
each edge
1m is 0.1
meters in
length, but
there are
1m 1000
1m
cubes.
Volume
(in cubic meters): 1m X 1m X 1m = 1 m3 (0.1m X 0.1m X 0.1m) X 1000 cubes = 1 m3

Surface Area
(in square meters): (1m X 1m) X 6 sides = 6 m2 (0.1m X 0.1m) X 6 sides X 1000 cubes = 60 m2
 Surface Area and Reactions
• This increased surface area allows chemical reactions to
go much faster.
• Think about it this way:
Which dissolves faster in your coffee or tea, a sugar
cube or a teaspoon of granulated sugar?

Answer:
Granulated
sugar
 Nano-enabled Consumer Products

As of the March 10, 2011, there are over 1300

consumer products around the world that are
manufacturer-identified as nanotechnology-
based.
• Touch screens (iPhone) • Bicycles
• Sunscreens • Fabric
• Cosmetics • Computer memory
• Tennis rackets • Many more…
These products are here, ready to buy today!
Resources: The Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies website: http://www.nanotechproject.org/
 Activity Description
• You have been assigned an area of nanotechnology research
to support.
• Go through this presentation and any other credible sources
to identify three benefits of research in nanotechnology
toward your area of interest and up to three potential risks
you perceive in your area of interest.
• As a group, we will weigh the risks and benefits of each area
to decide how much of our federal nanotechnology budget
should go to each research area.
 Disclaimer:
this is a contrived scenario
• There are no federal nanotechnology budget cuts
– $1.7 billion estimated for FY2012 (fiscal year 2012)
– Increased investment proposed for FY2013 (nearly $1.8 billion)
• Nanoscale Science, Engineering and Technology (NSET) subcommittee of
the National Science and Technology Council's Committee on Technology
is an actual government entity
– Composed of representatives from 25 federal agencies (NIH, DOE, DOD, etc.)
– Purpose is to coordinate planning, budgeting, and implementation of the
National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI)
– These representatives work together to create an integrated federal program.
• Actual nano “budget” is different from what is proposed in this activity
– Actual “budget” is given as a supplement to the President’s 2013 Budget
Request submitted to Congress
– It represents the sum of the investment in nanotechnology and nanoscience
planned for 2013 by federal agencies
– The agencies submit how much they are planning to spend on nanoscience
– In the activity scenario, we’re doing the opposite of what the actual NNI
Budget represents in that we’re distributing a pre-determined amount
amongst these research areas.
Resources: NNI Budget website: http://www.nano.gov/about-nni/what/funding
 Electronics and Computing

In this presentation, you will learn about some

of the developments in nanotechnology in the
research areas of electronics and computing
 Consider the following when learning
about these developments:

1. Might these nanotechnology developments

infringe on human rights to privacy and
freedom?
2. Is it safe for me? Is it safe for others?
3. Could the use of this nanotechnology
development have unwanted and negative
environmental effects?
4. What economic impact could the use of this
nanotechnology development have on
producers, consumers, and other industries?
Might they be negative or positive?
 What About Your Rights?

If so, are these developments

more important than

• Your privacy?
• Your rights as a citizen?
• Your rights as a human
being?

Are the answers somewhere

in between?

Image source: http://www.info4security.com/Pictures/web/w/v/m/iStock_Law.jpg

 Links to outside sources
Within this presentation will be many underlined words. If
you click on the underlined text, your browser will take
you to other websites, videos, or other resources to
learn more about what is on the slide.
These links are chosen to give you additional information, but
these presentations can stand alone. It is unnecessary to
go to the links for the purpose of this activity.
We try to make sure the links are active, but given the ever-
changing nature of the internet, you might find a few that
take you to a location that is no longer active. Please let the
facilitator know if you find an inactive link.
 1. Electronics

• How small would you want

your digital camera,
cellphone and MP3 player?

• Of course, with
nanotechnology they will
potentially be more precise
and faster, too.

• On the next page you’ll read

about a nano-innovation for
transistors, important
electronic components.
 Nano-Electronics

We all use electronics which are

getting more powerful even as they
get smaller. This constant increase
in computing power is called
Moore's Law. Nanotechnology is
making sure that Moore’s Law
Carbon nanotubes make
continues for generations. Today’s an electric circuit which is
transistors are just 100-200 connected to an electrical
nanometers wide and getting supply (the dark blue
smaller. [1] In 1998, scientists made aluminum). [Image Source: NASA].
a transistor from a single carbon
nanotube! [2]
References: [1] IBM. “IBM Scientists Develop World's Fastest Graphene Transistor” http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/26302.wss
[2] Tans, S. J., A. R. M. Verschueren, and C. Dekker. "Room-Temperature Transistor Based on a Single Carbon Nanotube." Nature
393.6680 (1998): 49-52.
 Shirt Power

Imagine fabric that has the ability

to generate electricity. It can even
recharge portable, wearable
electronic devices such as mobile
phones, iPods or any other MP3
player that requires a low-level of
power. If the fabric is made into a
shirt, it could collect power from
the sun when the wearer is
walking slowly or even from a Georgia Tech Regents’ Professor Zhong Lin Wang holds
slight breeze. a prototype microfiber nanogenerator.
Image Credit: Georgia Tech / Gary Meek (ref. 2)

This nanogenerator could definitely be a simple and economical

way to generate electricity from physical movements!
References: [1] Weintraub, B., Y. G. Wei, and Z. L. Wang. "Optical Fiber/Nanowire Hybrid Structures for Efficient Three-Dimensional Dye-Sensitized Solar
Cells.” Angewandte Chemie-International Edition 48.47 (2009): 8981-85.
[2] Toon, J., “Fiber-based Nanotechnology Could Power Electronic Devices,” Georgia Tech News Release,
http://www.nano.gatech.edu/news/release.php?id=1715
 Nano-Transistors
"If you think about a structure
of gold dots on a DNA strand, A Nano-Transistor
it's like a wire with a whole Gold nanoparticles
bunch of tiny cuts in it. In surrounded by
order for electrons to travel organic, carbon-
down a nanoparticle chain, based, shells self-
they have to jump or tunnel aligned along a
from one particle to the next.
As a result, these nanochains strand of DNA.
[Image Source: from ref. 1]
have different properties than a
wire would have. That's why
you can make transistors out
of them.“ [1]
--- Prof. Jim Hutchinson of the Gold atom
University of Oregon surrounded by
thiol-based ligand
This tunneling behavior, a shell.
feature of quantum physics, is [Image Source: Jim
Hutchinson Laboratory]
a problem for other
manufacturing techniques but
helps at the nanoscale.

References: [1] Madison, K. University of Oregon. https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/778/IO_2005-04-11.pdf?sequence=3 p 38

 And More Gold
Electrical engineers at Berkeley used an ink that contains
nano-particles of gold to print the electronic structures.

These can be used for a variety

of things:
• Field-effect transistor
(Transistors which use electric
fields to control conductivity in
semi-conductors),
• Radio frequency
identification (RFID) tags, Liquid gold synthesized in Subramanian's lab is
printed in computer-generated patterns onto the
• Thin-film photovoltaics or wafer by the inkjet printer to form transistor
contacts, wires, inductors, and other
flexible sensors. components used in RFID circuits.
Photo credit: Peg Skorpinski (ref. 2)

References: [1] Huang, D., et al. "Plastic-Compatible Low Resistance Printable Gold Nanoparticle Conductors for Flexible Electronics." Journal of the
Electrochemical Society 150.7 (2003): G412-G17.
[2] Pescovitz, D., “Will printed circuits replace barcodes on tomorrow's soup cans?,” Forefront,
http://coe.berkeley.edu/forefront/spring2002/printedcircuits.html
 New Chip
Technology

Quantum Computer Model. Image Source: from ref. 3

Scientists are
building semi-
conductors one
atom at a time
using magnetism.
[1,2]
Quantum Computer Model. Image
Source: from ref. 3
Quantum Computer Model. Image
Source: from ref. 3
Resources: [1] Richardella, A., D. Kitchen, and A. Yazdani. "Mapping the Wave Function of Transition Metal Acceptor States in the Gas Surface Physical
Review B 80.4 (2009): 6.
[2] D-Wave. Programmable Magnetic Memory. http://www.dwavesys.com/index.php?page=programmable-magnetic-memory.
[3] Images from: Fast cursor. http://www.fastcursor.com/computers/quantum-computer-photo-gallery.asp
 iPod/ iPhone and nanotechnology
 To make the touch-screen on your iPhone
work, “Apple uses nanomaterials to "paint"
conductive materials such as indium tin
oxide onto the surface.” [1]
 The memory is stored on NAND flash
memory which relies on advances in
nanotechnology to create smaller and
smaller chips with more and more
memory. [2] NAND Flash memory, Photo credit: Micron
Technology.
 In April 2011, Intel Corporation and Micron
Technology announced a new process of
Watch this video to see
making NAND flash memory, resulting in a
what other nano-
20 nanometer device that holds 8 technological advances
gigabytes of memory. [3] can be found in an iPod.

Resources: [1] Upbin, B., “From Children's Bladders To The iPhone,” Forbes Magazine, http://www.forbes.com/2007/12/14/nanotech-outlook-conference-
tech-cz_bu_1214technano.html
[2] Koprowski, G. "Mac News: iPod: NAND Flash Memory Expanding Beyond iPod nano.", 6 July 2006.
http://www.macnewsworld.com/story/51569.html
[3] Intel News Release, “Intel, Micron Extend NAND Flash Technology Leadership, Introduce Industry's Smallest, Most Advanced 20-
Nanometer Process,” Intel Newsroom.
 New Displays
• And it's not just the chips
inside your computers that
use nanotechnology.
• The displays on everything
from cellphones to laptops
and flat screen TVs are
shifting to organic light-
emitting diodes (OLEDs),
made from plastic films built
on the nanoscale. [1] A green emitting OLED device
Photo credit: Tobias G/ Wikimedia
Commons

Look for flexible displays, too!

Each pixel is supported by its own
transistor. Imagine! Speaking of
flexible… Kodak Easy Share. Image
Source: form ref. 1

Resource: [1] DeBoer, C. “Organic LED Displays (OLEDs) - The Next Trend? “
http://www.audioholics.com/education/display-formats-technology/organic-led-displays-oleds-the-next-trend
 Talk about Flexible!

Nanotechnology has
made thin, flexible, full- Image Source: from ref. 2

color, electronic paper

display screens possible.
[1] There could be a lot of
advantages to this. No
more environmental
impact to trees, and
distribution costs could
be slashed. [2]
DVD Player. Image Source: form ref. 1

References: [1] Openwave, F. iDSA. “Origami DVD Player”. http://www.idsa.org/content/content1/origami-dvd-player.

[2] Chris. “Could Nanotechnology Save Print Yellow Pages?”
http://www.naturalsearchblog.com/archives/2007/03/20/could-nanotechnology-save-print-yellow-pages/
 More about Screens
• There are new protective nano-
coatings available, super-thin and
super-strong. Nanoparticles will
enhance scratch-resistance on all
your electronic devices. [1]
• Those better-protected screens are
going to get clearer over the next
few years, too. One way to get clear,
bright and good contrast in the
screens is to use carbon nanotubes
to shoot electrons at the screen. [2]
Carbon Nanotube.
Image Source: from
ref. 3

Sources: [1] Bauer, F., et al. "UV Curing of Nanoparticle Reinforced Acrylates." Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-Beam
Interactions with Materials and Atoms 265.1 (2007): 87-91.
[2] Rickert, S. “Taking the NanoPulse – Putting The Nano into iPod Nano.” http://www.industryweek.com/ReadArticle.aspx?ArticleID=12240
[3] Materials Research Science Engineering Center. University of Wisconsin-Madison. http://mrsec.wisc.edu/Edetc/nanoquest/carbon/
 Flexible Cellphones
Nanoscientists have started
working on the material to
make futuristic cellphones.
With Nokia’s nano-enabled
concept phone, Morph, your
phone will be able to be
transformed into any shape
you need. This new
material could make your
cellphone flexible,
transparent and self- For More Information Check Out:
cleaning. Nokia Morph Concept Video

Resource: Nokia Research Center. The Morph Concept. http://research.nokia.com/morph

 Helping Save Lives with
Nanotechnology
Nanoscience is
helping develop the
technology to send
medical images
using cellphones.
[1] Image Source: from ref. 1

This potentially could bring medical imaging to the ‘three-

quarters of the world’s population which has no access to
ultrasounds, X-rays, magnetic resonance images, and
other medical imaging technology.’ [2]
Resources: [1] Granot Y, Ivorra A, Rubinsky B “A New Concept for Medical Imaging Centered on Cellular Phone Technology.” PLoS
ONE 3(4): e2075.
[2] The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. “Hebrew University, Berkeley researchers develop method for transmitting
medical images via cell phones.“ http://www.huji.ac.il/cgi-
bin/dovrut/dovrut_search_eng.pl?mesge120953840405872560
 Ring, Ring
These days, cell phones are music devices, cameras and PDAs all
in one. They go everywhere with us – even the theater. But nobody
wants to hear a cellphone ring during a movie!
Scientists are working on radio-frequency
shielding coatings for use in buildings to
take care of that problem. [1] Nanomaterials
in paint could keep cell phone waves out of
the theater. [2] It can shield wireless
networks, too, which will make networks
more secure. [2]
Next will come shielding coatings on the
devices themselves to prevent
electromagnetic emissions. No more
buzzing when you get close to other
electronic devices and may be healthier,
too. [1]

Resources: [1] Rickert, S. Taking the NanoPulse – Putting The Nano into iPod Nano. http://www.industryweek.com/ReadArticle.aspx?ArticleID=12240
[2] Azim, S. S., et al. "Studies on Graphite Based Conductive Paint Coatings." Progress in Organic Coatings 55.1 (2006): 1-4. Print.
 An Earpod Nano?

It might be
just around
the corner!

Image Source: from ref. 2

• Nano-optic components will soon be in your CD and DVD

players, too. [1]
• And we’re on our way to high-speed, conductive ink that
can be used for electronics circuitry. These circuits will
be 500 nanometers to 2 microns thick and printed on
plastic. Your devices will be lighter, thinner, smaller.[2]
Resources: [1] Lux Research. “Nanotech Venture Capital is Out of Sync with Returns” http://www.impactlab.com/2008/05/08/nanotech-venture-capital-is-out-
of-sync-with-returns
[2] Rickert, S. “Taking the NanoPulse – Putting The Nano into iPod Nano.” http://www.industryweek.com/ReadArticle.aspx?ArticleID=12240
 Nano-Batteries
There's a constant balancing act
between increasing battery life
and decreasing size and weight.
You also need to chose between
optimizing for energy bursts, like
your camera flash, constant flow,
like your laptop, or try to get Dell lithium-ion
both, as in a cell phone with a laptop battery
Photo source: Dell
flash camera. [1]
A new type of lithium-ion battery developed for
battery-powered power tools may be the nano-
key. Companies are claiming battery life as
much as 10x greater than presently and they
can handle the power bursts. They even
recharge in about 10 minutes. [2]
Resources: [1] Rickert, S. “Taking the NanoPulse – Putting The Nano into iPod Nano.”
http://www.industryweek.com/ReadArticle.aspx?ArticleID=12240
[2] Scrosati, B. Recent Advances in lithium ion battery materials. Electochimica Acta. Vol. 45, Issues 15-16, 3 May
2000, pgs. 2461-2466
 DNA Computers
DNA computers are like
traditional computers in that
they use transistors and store
information in bits. [1]
Image Source: from ref. 1

But, DNA computing uses DNA instead of the

traditional silicon-based computing technology.
These computers are faster, smaller, can store more
information and are more secure than traditional
computers. [2,3] However, DNA is very fragile and
therefore it is unlikely that these computer would
take the place of traditional computers.
Resources: [1] The Ultimate Renaissance. “Quantum Computer : The revolution”
http://theultimaterenaissance.wordpress.com/2008/05/28/quantum-computer-the-revolution/
[2] Xing Wang et al., “A new encryption method based on Rijndael algorithm and DNS computing.” Applied Mechanics and Materials, 20-23,
1241. http://www.scientific.net/AMM.20-23.1241
[3] EMARK. “DNA Computers – Generation “z” Borns.” http://mallock.blogspot.com/2007/10/dna-computers-generation-z-borns.html
 Non-silicon Transistors
Professor Rajendra Rathore at Marquette
University is currently studying cofacially-arrayed
polybenzenoid nanostructures as a possible
transistor that could be eventually used to build
computers. They have the advantage of being both
very robust and capable of transmitting signals.

Link to Professor Rathore’s Website for

more information:
http://www.marquette.edu/chem/Rathore
ResearchGroup.shtml

Molecular model of cofacially-arrayed

polybenzenoid nano structures
Image Source: Center for BioMolecular Modeling

Resource: MUHS SMART Team. “DNA Inspired Molecular Wire: Cofacially-Arrayed Polybenzenoid Nano Structures.”
http://cbm.msoe.edu/includes/pdf/smart2010/MUHS.pdf.
 Quantum Computers Use Nanotechnology

TiOx Barrier Source

TiOx Barrier
Island

TiOx Barrier
Drain

30 nm

Single Electron Transistor. Image Source: from ref. 3

In quantum computers,
information is stored as qubits
(quantum bits). [1] Superconducting Qubit. Image Source:
from ref. 2

These computers compute differently, too. [2] Quantum

computers, using quantum mechanisms, can be devised
and built to perform operations with this data. [3]
Learn more about nanotechnology and
quantum mechanic challenges at this link.
Resources: [1] Collins, G. “Quantum Bug” Scientific American. http://www.ilorentz.org/~brink/data/1005028.pdf
[2] Benjamin, S.; Ekert, A. “A short introduction to quantum-scale computing” http://www.qubit.org/tutorials/28-quantum-
nanocomputing.html
[3] Englund, D. “Linear Optics Quantum Computation.” Part of Ph.D. Candidacy Review in Applied Physics.
http://cvitae.org/images/stories63/LOQC_englund.pdf
 Smart Cards Get Smarter
Nanotechnology is improving
smart cards.
Image Source:
from ref. 2

A smart card has a microchip in it which

makes it 'smart'. It provides not only
memory capacity, but computing
capability as well and thus the chip is
capable of processing data. [1]

Though they’re the size of credit cards,

"At least these Smart
they can hold a great deal of information,
Cards gives you like your medical history for doctors,
something to read pharmacists and even paramedics in an
whilst you're waiting emergency. Unlike magnetic strips on
2 hours for the next credit cards, this memory won’t wear out.
bus." [Image Source from ref. 2] [2]
References: [1] Chalasani, S. “Smart Card.” University of North Carolina at Charlotte. http://coe.uncc.edu/~jmconrad/ECGR6185-2006-
01/notes/smartcards.pdf
[2] Smart Cards. “Smart Cards” http://ewh.ieee.org/r10/bombay/news5/SmartCards.htm
 Electronics and Computing
Websites
These are websites will provide more information on nanotechnology in
electronics and computing. The general website page linked at the bottom of
this page is full of nanotechnology sites related to multiple areas including
yours.

• National Institute of Standards and Technology nanotechnology webpage

http://www.nist.gov/nanotechnology-portal.cfm
• Western Institute of Nanoelectronics (collaborative effort between UC Berkeley,
UCLA, UCSB and Stanford)
http://www.win-nano.org/
• Articles on nanoelectronics from IEEE Spectrum Magazine
Link to search: keyword "nanoelectronics", type "article"
• Article on quality standards in nanoelectronics from IEEE
http://spectrum.ieee.org/semiconductors/nanotechnology/its-time-for-a-
nanoelectronics-quality-standard
• Nanoscience at the National Science Foundation
http://www.nsf.gov/news/overviews/nano/index.jsp

General Nanoscience Website Links

 Nano-enabled consumer products
To learn more about nano-enabled consumer products in all areas
of research visit the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies
• Established in April 2005 as a partnership between the Woodrow
Wilson International Center for Scholars and the Pew Charitable
Trusts
• “The Project is dedicated to helping ensure that as
nanotechnologies advance, possible risks are minimized, public
and consumer engagement remains strong, and the potential
benefits of these new technologies are realized.”
• Their website includes news and publications about issues with
nanotechnology.
• It also includes inventories of consumer products that are
manufacturer-identified as nanotechnology based, and as of the
March 10, 2011 update, there are over 1300 products around
the world.
Resources: The Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies website: http://www.nanotechproject.org/
 More on the website

If time allows, return to the main website and

watch some of the videos that provide “expert
testimony” in the area of nanotechnology in
electronics and computing.
Click here