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Array in C PDF

Arrays allow storing and accessing related data items collectively. An array stores elements of the same data type in contiguous memory locations and refers to them using a common name along with an index. The document discusses key characteristics of arrays like declaration, initialization, accessing elements, and passing arrays to functions. Multidimensional arrays can store elements arranged in multiple dimensions. Common array operations like searching, sorting and matrix operations are also demonstrated.

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Indresh B Rajwade
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55 views

Array in C PDF

Arrays allow storing and accessing related data items collectively. An array stores elements of the same data type in contiguous memory locations and refers to them using a common name along with an index. The document discusses key characteristics of arrays like declaration, initialization, accessing elements, and passing arrays to functions. Multidimensional arrays can store elements arranged in multiple dimensions. Common array operations like searching, sorting and matrix operations are also demonstrated.

Uploaded by

Indresh B Rajwade
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Arrays

in
C Programming

V.V. Subrahmanyam
SOCIS, IGNOU
Date: 24-05-08
Time: 11-00 to 11-45
Introduction
 Many programs require the
processing of multiple, related data
items that have common
characteristics like list of numbers,
marks in a course etc..
Example
 Consider to store marks of five
students. They can be stored using
five variables as follows:

int ml,m2,m3,m4,m5;

Now, if we want to do the same thing


for 100 students in a class then one
will find it difficult to handle 100
variables.
 In such situations it is often
convenient to place the data
items into an array, where they
will share the same name with a
subscript.
Characteristic Features of an Array

 An array is a collection of similar


kind of data elements stored in
adjacent memory locations and are
referred to by a single array-name.
 Arrays are defined in much the
same manner as ordinary variables,
except that each array name must
be accompanied by a size
specification.
Contd…
 In the case of C, you have to
declare and define array before it
can be used.
 Declaration and definition tell the
compiler the name of the array,
the data type of the elements,
and the size or number of
elements.
Syntax of an Array Declaration
data-type array_name [size];
 Data-type refers to the type of elements
you want to store
 size is the number of elements

Examples:
int char[80];
float farr[500];
static int iarr[80];
char charray[40];
int ar[100];

2001 2003 2199

 In the above figure, as each integer value


occupies 2 bytes.
 200 bytes of consecutive memory
locations were allocated in the memory.
Points to Remember
There are two things to remember for
using arrays in C:
 The amount of storage for a declared
array has to be specified at compile time
before execution. This means that an
array has a fixed size.
 The data type of an array applies
uniformly to all the elements; for this
reason, an array is called a
homogeneous data structure.
Use of Symbolic Constant
To declare size of the array it would be better to use the
symbolic constant as shown below:

#include< stdio.h >


#define SIZE 100
main( )
{
int i = 0;
int stud_marks[SIZE];
for( i = 0;i<SIZE;i++)
{
printf (“Element no. =%d”,i+1);
printf(“ Enter the value of the element:”);
scanf(“%d”,&stud_marks[i]);
}
Array Initialization
 Arrays can be initialized at the time
of declaration.

The syntax is:

datatype array-name[ size ] = {val 1, val 2, .......val n};


Examples
int digits [10] = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10};
int digits[ ] = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10};

char thing[4] = “TIN”;


char thing[ ] = “TIN”;

Note: A special character called null character ‘ \0 ’,


implicitly suffixes every string.
/* Linear Search*/

# include<stdio.h>
# define SIZE 05
main()
{
int i = 0;
int j;
int num_list[SIZE];
printf(“Enter any 5 numbers: \n”);
for(i = 0;i<SIZE;i ++)
{ printf(“Element no=%d Value of the element=”,i+1);
scanf(“%d”,&num_list[i]); }
printf (“Enter the element to be searched:”);
scanf (“%d”,&j);
/* search using linear search */
for(i=0;i<SIZE;i++)
{
if(j == num_list[i])
{ printf(“The number exists in the list at position: %d\n”,i+1);
break; }
}
}
Multidimensional Arrays

 In principle, there is no limit to the


number of subscripts (or dimensions)
an array can have.
 Arrays with more than one
dimension are called multi-
dimensional arrays.
Syntax

datatype array_name[size1][size2];
Examples

float table[50][50];
int a[100][50];
char page[24][80];
Illustration of a 3X3 Array
Initialization of 2 Dimensional arrays
int table[2][3] = { 1,2,3,4,5,6 };

Or

int table[2][3] = { {1,2,3},


{4,5,6} };

It means that element:


table [ 0][0] = 1;
table [ 0][1] = 2;
table [ 0][2] = 3;
table [ 1][0] = 4;
table [ 1][1] = 5;
table [ 1][2] = 6;
Transpose of a Matrix
#include<stdio.h>
#defind SIZE 3
main()
{
int mat[SIZE][SIZE];
int i,j;
printf(“Enter the elements of the matrix\n”);
for(i=0;i<SIZE;i++)
{
for (j=0;j<SIZE;j++)
{ scanf(“%d”,&mat[i][j]);
}
}
printf(“Transpose of the matrix\n”);
for(i=0;i<SIZE;i++)
{ for (j=0;j<SIZE;j++)
{printf(“%d”,&mat[j][i]);
}
printf(“\n”);
}
}
Addition of Two Matrices
#include<stdio.h>
#defind SIZE 3
main()
{
int a[SIZE][SIZE], b[SIZE][SIZE];
int i,j;
printf(“Enter the elements of the matrix A\n”);
for(i=0;i<SIZE;i++)
{
for (j=0;j<SIZE;j++)
scanf(“%d”,&a[i][j]);
}
printf(“Enter the elements of the matrix B”);
for(i=0;i<SIZE;i++)
{ for (j=0;j<SIZE;j++)
scanf(“%d”,&b[i][j]);
}
Contd…
printf(“\n Matrix Addition\n”);
for(i=0;i<SIZE;i++)
{
for (j=0;j<SIZE;j++)
printf(“%d”,a[i][j]+b[i][j]);
printf(“\n”);
}
}
Passing Arrays to Functions
 An entire array can be passed to a
function as an argument.
 To pass an array to a function, the
array must appear by itself, without
brackets or subscripts, as an actual
argument within the function call.
 The size of the array is not specified
within the formal argument
declaration.
Illustration
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int n;
float average(int a, float x[]);
float avg;
float list[100];
…….
…….

avg=average(n,list);
…
….
}

float average(int a, float x[])


{
……….
}

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