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Basic Biology: 1. Cellular Structure

Biology is the study of life and life processes. All living organisms are made up of cells and undergo metabolism, growth, movement, respiration, nutrition, excretion, irritability, reproduction, and have a finite life span. Key differences between living and non-living things are that living things are made of cells, can grow through cell division, and can reproduce. The growth of living organisms occurs through cell division and is irreversible, while the growth of crystals occurs through the addition of similar materials and is reversible.

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Abhay Vishwakarma
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295 views3 pages

Basic Biology: 1. Cellular Structure

Biology is the study of life and life processes. All living organisms are made up of cells and undergo metabolism, growth, movement, respiration, nutrition, excretion, irritability, reproduction, and have a finite life span. Key differences between living and non-living things are that living things are made of cells, can grow through cell division, and can reproduce. The growth of living organisms occurs through cell division and is irreversible, while the growth of crystals occurs through the addition of similar materials and is reversible.

Uploaded by

Abhay Vishwakarma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Biology

Biology is the study of life and life processes.

1. Cellular Structure  All living organisms are made up of cells.


 The protoplasm gives the cell a definite
shape.

2. Metabolism  The various life processes which occur in the


body of an organism are collectively known
as metabolism.
 Metabolism consists of anabolism and
catabolism.

3. Growth, Repair and Death  Growth is the addition of new protoplasmic


material.
 It is a permanent, irreversible process.
 Growth and repair replace worn out cells and
heal wounds and fractures.
 Some organisms can regrow or regenerate
certain parts of the body.
 Example: Lizards can regenerate their tails.

4. Respiration  It is a catabolic process by which an


organism assimilates oxygen, oxidises
organic substances and releases carbon
dioxide, water vapour and energy.

5. Movement  Movement is any change brought about in


the orientation of any part of the body of
organisms.
 Example: Plants grow roots against sunlight,
while stems, leaves and flowers move
towards sunlight.
 Amoeba locomotes by projecting
pseudopodia.

6. Nutrition  The process by which living organisms


assimilate food and use it for growth and
replacement of tissues is known as
nutrition.
 Feeding, digestion and assimilation help
nutrition to take place.
 Green plants synthesise their food by using
carbon dioxide and water in the presence of
sunlight by the process of photosynthesis.
7. Excretion  It is the process of removal of harmful waste
products derived from the organism’s own
metabolism.

8. Irritability  Any change in the environment to which an


organism responds is called a stimulus.
 The capacity of an organism to react to
stimuli in a particular manner is called
irritability.
 Example: Response of a plant to light and
gravity.

9. Reproduction and Evolvability  Each living organism has the ability to


produce new individuals resembling it in all
essential features.

10. Life Span and Death  The period during which an organism
completes its life cycle is called its life span.
Differences between Living and Non-living Things

Living Things Non-living Things

 Made up of cells.  Lack cellular structures.

 Growth is by cell division.  Growth is by the addition of similar kind of


material.

 They have the ability to reproduce similar  Do not reproduce.


individuals.

Differences between the Growth of a Living Organism and the Growth


of a Crystal

Growth of a Living Organism Growth of a Crystal

1. Growth occurs by cell division. 1. Growth occurs by the addition of


similar material.
2. Growth is irreversible. 2. Growth is reversible.

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