Clubpatterns PDF
Clubpatterns PDF
An analysis of the patterns from Chon‐Ji to Tong‐Il
including the Fundamental Movements, Ko‐Dang,
and the Taranaki Taekwon‐Do
demonstration pattern Dale Cope.
Dale Copeland, 3rd Dan.
Offered as a thesis towards grading to 4th Dan.
2011
Contents
Reason for 24 movements 1
Points to be considered for all patterns 1
Number of movements 2
Pattern diagrams 2
Ready stances 5
First foot movement 6
Stances 7
Motion 8
Two movements listed as one 11
Hand attacks 13
Punches 13
Strikes 16
Thrusts 19
Foot attacks 21
Blocks – with hands 25
Blocks – with feet 33
Other movements or positions 34
Hand positions while kicking 36
Movements showing release 38
Last foot movement 38
Meaning of pattern names 39
The Fundamental Movements 44
The Patterns (Tul) 46
Getting back to the starting point 113
Further explanation of pattern names 115
Meaning of belt colours 153
Index
Note: Korean terms which should be known are given the first
time a technique is mentioned.
Taekwon‐Do Patterns
The Reason for 24 Patterns ‐ the words of General Choi Hong Hi.
The life of a human being, perhaps 100 years, can be considered as a day
when compared with eternity. Therefore, we mortals are no more than
simple travelers who pass by the eternal years of an aeon in a day.
It is evident that no one can live more than a limited amount of time.
Nevertheless, most people foolishly enslave themselves to materialism as if
they could live for thousands of years. And some people strive to bequeath a
good spiritual legacy for coming generations, in this way gaining immortality.
Obviously, the spirit is perpetual while material is not. Therefore, what we
can do to leave behind something for the welfare of mankind is, perhaps, the
most important thing in our lives.
Here I leave Taekwon‐Do for mankind as a trace of man of the late 20th
century.
The 24 patterns represent 24 hours, one day, or all my life.
Points to be considered for all patterns
The following points should be considered while performing patterns.
1. Patterns should begin and end at exactly the same spot. This will indicate
the performer’s accuracy.
2. Correct posture and facing should be maintained at all times.
3. Muscles of the body should be either tensed or relaxed at the proper
critical moments in the exercise.
4. The exercise should be performed in a rhythmic movement with an
absence of stiffness.
5. Movement should be accelerated or decelerated according the
instructions in the Encyclopaedia.
6. Each pattern should be perfected before moving to the next.
7. Students should know the purpose of each movement.
8. Students should perform each movement with realism.
9. Attack and defense techniques should be equally distributed among right
and left hands and feet.
1
Taekwon‐Do Patterns
Number of Movements
Saju Jirugi 7 each side
Saju Makgi 8 each side
Chon‐Ji 19
Dan‐Gun 21
Do‐San 24
Won‐Hyo 28
Yul‐Gok 38
Joong‐Gun 32
Toi‐Gye 37
Hwa‐Rang 29
Choong‐Moo 30
Kwang‐Gae 39
Po‐Eun 36
Ge‐Baek 44
Eui‐Am 45
Choong‐Jang 52
Juche 45
Ko‐Dang 39
Sam‐Il 33
Yoo‐Sin 68
Choi‐Yong 46
Dale Cope 56
Yon‐Gae 49
Ul‐Ji 42
Moon‐Moo 61
So‐San 72
Se‐Jong 24
Tong‐Il 56
Pattern Diagrams
The diagrams give an approximate indication of the space needed when
executing patterns so each student can be aware of where others will be in
the Do‐Jang. The grey ‘X’ indicates the starting position for each pattern.
2
Taekwon‐Do Patterns
The beginning position is facing D, with A at the right, B at the left, and C
directly behind.
3
Taekwon‐Do Patterns
Note that while many patterns begin near the back of the Do‐Jang and
move forward then return, Chon‐Ji, Ge‐Baek, Eui‐Am, Sam‐Il, Dale Cope, Yon‐
Gae, Moon‐Moo, So‐Sang and Tong‐Il require as much space behind the
starting point as in front. Juche, Ko‐Dang and Ul‐i must begin near the front
of the Do‐Jang. Juche especially requires a lot of room. Po‐Eun moves only
sideways so it is courteous to begin it far enough forward so that other
students moving from behind will have enough room to execute their
patterns.
4
Taekwon‐Do Patterns
Ready Stances
Parallel ready stance (narani junbi sogi) begins all patterns up to Do‐San and
also Yul‐Gok, Choong‐Moo, Ge‐Baek and Moon‐Moo.
Close ready stance A (moa junbi sogi A): Won‐Hyo, Choong‐Jang, So‐San.
Close ready stance B (moa junbi sogi B): Joong‐Gun, Toi‐Gye, Se‐Jong.
Close ready stance C (moa junbi sogi C): Hwa‐Rang, Ko‐Dang, Sam‐Il,
Choi‐Yong.
Close ready stance D (moa junbi sogi D): Eui‐Am.
Parallel stance with heaven hand (narani so hanulson): Kwang‐Gae, Po‐Eun.
5
Taekwon‐Do Patterns
Parallel stance with twin side elbow (narani so sang yop palkup): Juche,
Dale Cope.
Parallel stance with an X‐backhand (narani so kyocha sondung): Ul‐Ji.
Parallel stance with an overlapped backhand (pogaen sondung): Tong‐Il.
Warrior ready stance A (moosa junbi sogi A): Yon‐Gae.
Warrior ready stance B: Yoo‐Sin.
First foot movement
Saju Jirugi R foot to D
Saju Makgi R foot to C
Chon‐Ji L foot to B
Dan Gun L foot to B
Do‐San L foot to B
Won‐Hyo L foot to B
Yul‐Gok L foot to B
Joong‐Gun L foot to B
Toi‐Gye L foot to B
Hwa‐Rang L foot to B
Choong‐Moo L foot to B
Kwang‐Gae L foot to D (after close ready stance)
Po‐Eun L foot to B
Ge‐Baek R foot to C
Eui‐Am R foot to C
Choong‐Jang R foot to A
Juche L foot to B
Ko‐Dang R foot to AC (45° between A and C)
Sam‐Il L foot to D (sliding forward)
Yoo‐Sin L foot to B
Choi‐Yong L foot to D
Dale Cope L foot to C
Yon‐Gae R foot to C (sliding back)
Ul‐Ji L foot to C
Moon‐Moo L foot to B (after 2 kicks)
So‐San R foot to C (sliding back)
Se‐Jong L foot to B
Tong‐Il R foot to C
6
Taekwon‐Do Patterns
Stances
Walking stance (gunnun sogi) is first used in the Fundamental Movements
and then occurs in every pattern except Po‐Eun.
L‐stance (niunja sogi) is first used in Chon‐Ji and then occurs in every pattern.
Sitting stance (annun sogi) is first in Do‐San, then occurs in all patterns
except Won‐Hyo, Joong‐Gun, Choi‐Yong and So‐San.
Fixed stance (gojung sogi) is found in Won‐Hyo, Joong‐Gun, Hwa‐Rang,
Choong‐Moo, Sam‐Il, Yoo‐Sin, Choi‐Yong, Dale Cope, Ul‐Ji and Se‐Jong.
X‐stance (kyocha sogi) occurs in Yul‐Gok, Toi‐Gye, Po‐Eun, Eui‐Am, Juche,
Ko‐Dang, Choi‐Yong, Dale Cope, Yon‐Gae, Ul‐Ji, Moon‐Moo, So‐San, Se‐Jong
and Tong‐Il.
Rear foot stance (dwit bal sogi) occurs in Joong‐Gun, Kwang‐Gae, Eui‐Am,
Choong‐Jang, Juche, Ko‐Dang, Sam‐Il, Choi‐Yong, Dale Cope, Yon‐Gae,
Moon‐Moo, So‐San and Tong‐Il.
Low stance (nachuo sogi) is used in Joong‐Gun, Kwang‐Gae, Ge‐Baek and
Choong‐Jang.
Close stance (moa sogi) appears in Joong‐Gun, Toi‐Gye, Hwa‐Rang, Kwang‐
Gae, Po‐Eun, Choong‐Jang, Juche, Yoo‐Sin, Ul‐Ji and Tong‐Il.
Note that Close stance has been mistakenly written as “Closed stance”
in many versions of the patterns, but this term does not appear anywhere in
the Encyclopedia.
Close ready stance B (moa junbi sogi B) is seen as a pattern movement in
Kwang‐Gae, Ul‐Ji and Se‐Jong.
Close ready stance C (moa junbi sogi C) is only in Yoo‐Sin.
Vertical stance (soojik sogi) is in Hwa‐Rang and in Yoo‐Sin.
Parallel stance (narani sogi) is in the patterns Eui‐Am, Juche, Choi‐Yong,
Yon‐Gae and So‐San.
Bending ready stance A (guburyo junbi sogi A) Won‐Hyo, Yul‐Gok, Choong‐
Moo, Ge‐Baek, Choi‐Yong and So‐San. (And in slow motion in Moon‐Moo)
Bending ready stance B (guburyo junbi sogi B) is found in Juche, Ko‐Dang and
Moon‐Moo.
One‐leg stance (waebal sogi) occurs in Po‐Eun, Juche, the demonstration
pattern Dale Cope, Moon‐Moo, Se‐Jong and Tong‐Il.
Diagonal stance (sasun sogi) is in Juche, Sam‐Il and Se‐Jong.
Walking ready stance is in Ul‐Ji and So‐San.
7
Taekwon‐Do Patterns
Motion
Fast Motion (balli)
2 punches: Do‐San, Yul‐Gok, Ge‐Baek, Choong‐Jang, Yoo‐Sin, So‐San and
Tong‐Il.
Release and punch: Joong‐Gun.
Block and punch: So‐San (moving from walking to sitting stance.
2 kicks: Choong‐Moo (high turning kick and middle back piercing kick) and
Ge‐Baek (middle turning kick and flying side piercing kick).
2 kicks and a block: Hwa‐Rang.
2 blocks: Yoo‐Sin (high double forearm block and low forearm block) and
Choi‐Yong (two palm pressing blocks).
Crossing foot, low stance to low stance: Ul‐Ji.
Moving foot in ‘quick’ motion, then side pushing kick: Moon‐Moo.
Slow Motion (chonchonhi)
Angle punch in close stance: Joong‐Gun, Choong‐Jang, Juche, Yoo‐Sin.
Upset punch in walking stance: Kwang‐Gae.
Middle turning punch in parallel stance: Eui‐Am.
Long fist punch in walking stance: Yon‐Gae
Middle punch with twin fist in walking stance: Tong‐Il
To sitting stance with fist in front horizontally: Se‐Jong
To close stance with heaven hand: Juche.
Horizontal strike with twin knife‐hand in sitting stance: Tong‐Il
Side back strike in close stance: Toi‐Gye.
High flat fingertip thrust in low stance: Kwang‐Gae.
Back elbow thrust in walking stance: Choong‐Jang, Dale Cope.
Twin side elbow thrust in close stance: Toi‐Gye, Po‐Eun.
Back piercing kick: Juche, Moon‐Moo (high section).
High reverse hooking kick: Moon‐Moo.
Consecutive kicks: Juche.
Pressing block in low stance: Joong‐Gun, Kwang‐Gae.
Pressing block in walking stance: Se‐Jong, Tong‐Il (two, stepping forward)
Upward block with palm in walking stance: Kwang‐Gae
High side block with reverse knife‐hand in walking stance: Tong‐Il
High and low side knife‐hand blocks in one‐leg stance: Moon‐Moo
8
Taekwon‐Do Patterns
Continuous Motion (iojin tongjak)
A strike and a block: Ko‐Dang.
Block and punch: Toi‐Gye, Sam‐Il, So‐San.
Two blocks then a high punch: So‐San.
Block, punch, block, punch: Yoo‐Sin.
Seven movements, blocks and attacks: Po‐Eun.
Two blocks: Dan‐Gun, Ge‐Baek, Eui‐Am, Yoo‐Sin, Ul‐Ji.
Two kicks: So‐San.
Consecutive motion (yonsok) using the same hand or foot
2 kicks: Kwang‐Gae, Juche, Yoo‐Sin, Choi‐Yong, Moon‐Moo.
2 punches while flying: Juche
Connecting motion (yon gyol tongjak) using opposite sides
Block and punch: Yul‐Gok, Ge‐Baek, Yoo‐Sin, Moon‐Moo.
2 kicks: Dale Cope (called connecting but using same foot).
Note: The Training Secrets of Taekwon‐Do says “exhale briefly at
moment of each blow except a connecting motion
Stamping
To sitting stance: Toi‐Gye, Kwang‐Gae, Ge‐Baek, Eui‐Am, Juche, Sam‐Il,
Choi‐Yong , Dale Cope, Moon‐Moo, Tong‐Il.
To walking stance: Kwang‐Gae, Sam‐Il, Yoo‐Sin, Dale Cope, Tong‐Il.
To L‐stance: Choong‐Jang, Juche, Yon‐Gae, Tong‐Il.
Flying (twimyo)
Two direction kick: Juche.
Consecutive punches: Juche.
Flying front snap kick: Dale Cope, So‐San.
Flying high kick: Ul‐Ji.
Flying knife‐hand strike: Yon‐Gae.
Jumping (twigi)
To X‐stance: Yul‐Gok, Toi‐Gye, Ge‐Baek, Eui‐Am, Juche, Ko‐Dang, Choi‐Yong,
Dale Cope, Yon‐Gae, Moon‐Moo, So‐San, Se‐Jong, Tong‐Il.
L‐stance to L‐stance (on the same spot): Ko‐Dang, Ul‐Ji.
9
Taekwon‐Do Patterns
Jumping with a spin
Fixed stance to L‐stance: Choong‐Moo, Sam‐Il, (both a full turn) Dale Cope
(180°).
L‐stance to L‐stance: Juche (180° with a flying dodging reverse turning kick).
L‐stance to L‐stance with a mid‐air kick: Yon‐Gae.
X‐stance to L‐stance with a mid‐air kick: Moon‐Moo.
Dodging (pihagi)
Flying reverse turning kick: Juche.
Body dropping (mom nachugi) is used in Choong‐Jang.
Sliding (mikulgi)
Into fixed stance with a punch: Hwa‐Rang, Choi‐Yong.
Into L‐stance with a punch: Ul‐Ji.
Into L‐stance with an upset punch: Tong‐Il.
Into L‐stance with upset punch with middle knuckle fist: So‐San.
Into L‐stance with high outward strike with back‐hand: Tong‐Il.
Into L‐stance with elbow thrust: Hwa‐Rang, Choong‐Jang, Yong‐Gae.
Into L‐stance with guarding block: Sam‐Il, Ko‐Dang, Choong‐Jang, Choi‐Yong.
Into L‐stance with a low knife‐hand guarding block: Kwang‐Gae,
Yon‐Gae (reverse), So‐San.
Into L‐stance with downward outer forearm block: Juche.
Into L‐stance with scooping block: So‐San.
Maintaining sitting stance, with an angle punch: Yoo‐Sin.
Maintaining sitting stance, with a W‐shaped block: Tong‐Il.
Maintaining sitting stance, with palm scooping block: Moon‐Moo.
Into rear foot stance with guarding block: So‐San.
Into rear foot stance with side elbow thrust: Juche.
Into rear foot stance with downward thrust with straight elbow: Juche.
Into rear foot stance with palm downward block: Ul‐Ji, Moon‐Moo.
Shifting (Maintaining a stance)
L‐stance to L‐stance: Eui‐Am, Yon‐Gae (back), So‐San (forward).
Walking stance to walking stance: Kwang‐Gae, Moon‐Moo (backward),
So‐San (forward).
10
Taekwon‐Do Patterns
Foot shifting (jajun bal ) (Slipping or pulling the foot from one stance to
another) occurs frequently, from Won‐Hyo onwards.
Note: Shifting (maintaining a stance), and pulling the foot (with a
change in stance) are both done with greatly reduced sine wave, so are
executed more rapidly than normal motion.
Stepping whether sideways as in Ge‐Baek or as a movement in itself as in
Choi‐Yong, double‐stepping as in Kwang‐Gae, bringing the feet together or
moving back onto a particular line, occurs often.
Skipping Motion
To a high side piercing kick: Dale Cope.
Circular Motion (not counting circular blocks)
From parallel ready stance with heaven‐hand to close ready stance B in
Kwang‐Gae.
To low knife‐hand guarding block in L‐stance in Dale Cope (also reverse).,
Yon‐Gae (reverse).
From high angle finger‐tip thrust in reverse walking stance to low reverse
knife‐hand guarding block in Tong‐Il.
Two movements listed as one
In Toi‐Gye, movement No.28 is a side back strike with the back fist and a low
block with the forearm.
In Hwa‐Rang, movement No.12 is a middle side piercing kick then an
outward strike with the knife‐hand in L‐stance.
Movement No.19 is a high turning kick followed by a middle guarding block
with the knife‐hand in L‐stance.
In Choong‐Moo, movement No.9 is a flying side piercing kick landing to a
middle knife‐hand guarding block in L‐stance.
Movement No.21 is a side back strike with the back fist and a low block with
the forearm.
Movement No.24 is a middle front block then a high side strike with the back
fist.
11
Taekwon‐Do Patterns
In Choong‐Jang movement No.25 is a high front block with the outer forearm
then a high side strike with the back fist.
In Juche movements No.5 & 17 – a middle side piercing kick then a high
reverse hooking kick, in slow motion.
Movements No.7 & 19 ‐ a middle hooking kick then a high side piercing kick.
Movement No.25 is a pick‐shape kick then a middle guarding block in rear
foot stance.
Movements No.34 & 36 – a dodging reverse turning kick while flying, landing
to a middle guarding block in L‐stance.
Movement No.40 is a bending ready stance then a back piercing kick, in slow
motion.
In Sam‐Il movement No.16 – a sweeping kick then a U‐shaped block in fixed
stance.
In Yoo‐Sin movements No.52 & 53 – a waving kick then a high front block
with the outer forearm.
In Ul‐Ji movement No.30 ‐ a side front snap kick while executing a wedging
block with the inner forearm.
In Tong‐Il movement No.54 ‐ a high side piercing kick with forearm guarding
block then a twin side back elbow thrust in close stance.
Note: these should be remembered when performing a pattern by
numbers. Counting can be difficult when one movement is performed after
the other, rather than both together.
Two blocks performed at once
In Po‐Eun movements No.6, 7, 24 & 25 have a pressing block with the
forefist and a side front block with the inner forearm, in sitting stance.
In Ko‐Dang movements No.4 & 8 have a low block with the outer forearm
and a middle side block with the inner forearm, in L‐stance.
In Sam‐Il movement No.8 has a high outward block with the outer forearm
and a low block with the forearm, in L‐stance.
In Ul‐Ji movement No.32 has an outward knife‐hand block and a palm
pushing block, in fixed stance.
In So‐San movements No.52 & 57 have a low knife‐hand block & middle
outward block with inner forearm, in walking stance.
12
Taekwon‐Do Patterns
In Se‐Jong movement No.19 has a high side block with outer forearm and a
low side block with forearm, in one‐leg stance.
In Tong‐Il movement No.37 has a low forearm block & middle outward block
with knife‐hand, in walking stance.
Two kicks performed at once Only in Juche; twisting kick with side piercing
kick, while flying.
Hand Attacks
Punches (jirugi) with the forefist (ap joomuk)
Note: Punches start from the hip in all cases except for horizontal
punch, high vertical punch with twin fist, low punch with double fist, and
movement No.29 in Sam‐Il where the punch starts from under the armpit.
Middle (kaunde), in walking stance: Saju Jirugi, Chon‐Ji, Do‐San, Yul‐Gok, Toi‐
Gye, Hwa‐Rang, Ge‐Baek, Eui‐Am, Choong‐Jang, Sam‐Il, Yoo‐Sin, Choi‐Yong,
Dale Cope, So‐San and Tong‐Il.
(With palm slipped to elbow in Po‐Eun; with finger belly on top of elbow in
Dale Cope.)
Middle, in reverse walking stance: Do‐San, Won‐Hyo, Yul‐Gok, Toi‐Gye,
Choong‐Moo, Ge‐Baek, Juche, Sam‐Il, Yoo‐Sin, Dale Cope, Moon‐Moo, So‐
San and Tong‐Il. (Also in Yoo‐Sin, slipping palm to elbow.)
High (nopunde), in walking stance: Dan‐Gun, Kwang‐Gae, Eui‐Am, Sam‐Il,
Moon‐Moo, So‐San, Se‐Jong, Tong‐Il.
High, in reverse walking stance: Joong‐Gun, Ul‐Ji, So‐San, Tong‐Il.
Middle, in L‐stance: Joong‐Gun, Ul‐Ji, So‐San, Tong‐Il.
Middle, in reverse L‐stance: Hwa‐Rang, Eui‐Am, Yoo‐Sin, Dale Cope, So‐San,
Se‐Jong, Tong‐Il. (Also in Sam‐Il, bringing fist over shoulder.)
(Also in Choong‐Jang, punching palm.)
13
Taekwon‐Do Patterns
High, in reverse L‐stance: Dale Cope.
Middle, in sitting stance: Yul‐Gok, Toi‐Gye, Hwa‐Rang, Ge‐Baek, Juche, Ko‐
Dang, Yoo‐Sin, Ul‐Ji, Moon‐Moo, So‐San. (Also in Po‐Eun, slipping palm up
to elbow joint.)
Middle, in fixed stance: Won‐Hyo, Hwa‐Rang, Choi‐Yong, Dale Cope.
Middle, in parallel stance: Choi‐Yong, Yon‐Gae.
High, from on the ground: Choong‐Jang.
High punch while flying: Juche.
Upward (ollyo), in L‐stance: Hwa‐Rang (with side fist in front of shoulder).
Upward punch in X‐stance: Yon‐Gae.
Downward (naeryo), in reverse walking stance: Juche, Ko‐Dang.
Punch with twin fist in walking stance, in slow motion: Tong‐Il.
Upset punch (dwijibo jirugi) in reverse walking stance: Ge‐Baek. (In slow
motion in Kwang‐Gae).
Upset punch in reverse L‐stance: Ko‐Dang (with fist to shoulder).
Upset punch while flying: Juche.
Upset punch with twin fist (sang joomuk) in walking stance: Joong‐Gun
Kwang‐Gae, Sam‐Il and Yoo‐Sin.
Vertical punch (sewo jirugi), middle, in walking stance: So‐San.
Vertical punch, high with twin fist, in walking stance: Joong‐Gun, Toi‐Gye,
Kwang‐Gae, Ge‐Baek, Sam‐Il, Yoo‐Sin, Dale Cope, Ul‐Ji, Tong‐Il (stamping).
14
Taekwon‐Do Patterns
Low (najunde) punch, in X‐stance: Moon‐Moo (with other fist on shoulder).
Low punch with vertical fist, in X‐stance: Dale Cope (with other fist on
shoulder).
Low punch with double fist (doo joomuk), in L‐stance: Sam‐Il, So‐San.
Middle side punch in sitting stance: Tong‐Il.
Horizontal punch (soopyong jirugi), in sitting stance: Po‐Eun, Ul‐Ji.
Angle punch (giokja jirugi), in close stance, slow motion: Joong‐Gun,
Choong‐Jang, Yoo‐Sin.
Angle punch, in sitting stance: Po‐Eun.
Angle punch to back while sliding sideways in sitting stance: Yoo‐Sin.
Turning punch (dollyo jirugi), in parallel stance, slow motion: Eui‐Am.
Crescent punch (bandal jirugi), high, in reverse walking stance: Eui‐Am.
U‐shape punch (digutja jirugi), in fixed stance: Yoo‐Sin.
Punches using other parts of the hand
Upset punch with middle knuckle fist (joongji joomuk), in reverse L‐stance
(with side fist in front of shoulder): Ge‐Baek, So‐San.
Note: In Ge‐Baek this movement is demonstrated as an upset punch in
the Encyclopaedia, but is called just a middle punch in the pattern listing.
Punch with middle knuckle fist, high, in rear foot stance: Choi‐Yong.
Crescent punch with twin fore‐knuckle fist (sang inji joomuk), high, in close
stance: Choong‐Jang.
Punch with open fist (pyon joomuk jirugi), high, in walking stance:
Choong‐Jang.
15
Taekwon‐Do Patterns
Punch with long fist (ghin joomuk jirugi), high, in walking stance, in slow
motion: Yon‐Gae.
Strikes (taerigi)
Strikes with the knife‐hand (sonkal taerigi)
Knife‐hand strike, middle, in L‐stance: Dan‐Gun, Hwa‐Rang, Choong‐Jang,
Choi‐Yong, Moon‐Moo (where it is called an outward strike).
Knife‐hand strike, middle, in L‐stance: Yon‐Gae.
Knife‐hand strike, middle, in sitting stance: Do‐San, Po‐Eun, Eui‐Am,
Se‐Jong.
Knife‐hand strike in X‐stance: Dale Cope, Moon‐Moo.
Knife‐hand strike in mid‐air while spinning: Juche (360°) and
Dale Cope (180°).
Knife‐hand strike in mid‐air while flying, land to L‐stance: Yon‐Gae.
Inward knife‐hand strike, high, in reverse walking stance with side fist to
shoulder: So‐San.
Inward knife‐hand strike (sonkal anuro taerigi), high, in reverse L‐stance
with side fist to shoulder: Won‐Hyo and Kwang‐Gae (and with back hand to
forehead in Choong‐Moo).
Inward knife‐hand strike, high, in X‐stance: with side fist to shoulder in
Dale Cope.
Downward knife‐hand strike (sonkal naeryo taerigi), in reverse walking
stance: Juche.
Downward knife‐hand strike, in fixed stance: Dale Cope.
16
Taekwon‐Do Patterns
Downward knife‐hand strike in vertical stance: Hwa‐Rang.
Horizontal strike with twin knife‐hand (sang sonkal soopyong taerigi), in
walking stance: Choong‐Jang, Se‐Jong (in slow motion).
Horizontal strike with twin knife‐hand, in parallel stance: So‐San.
Inward strike with twin knife‐hand (sang sonkal anuro taerigi), high, in
walking stance: Juche, Ko‐Dang.
Reverse knife‐hand strike, high (sonkal dung nopunde ap taerigi), in reverse
walking stance, back hand under elbow: Choong‐Moo, Ge‐Baek.
(In sitting stance in Dale Cope.)
Backfist strike (dung joomuk yop taerigi)
Backfist side strike, high in walking stance: Do‐San, Se‐Jong.
Backfist side strike, high, in L‐stance: Joong‐Gun.
Backfist side strike, high, in X‐stance: Yul‐Gok, Ko‐Dang, Yon‐Gae.
Backfist side strike, high, in X‐stance with finger belly to side fist: Eui‐Am,
Choi‐Yong, Ul‐Ji, So‐San, Se‐Jong.
Backfist side strike, high, in sitting stance: Choong‐Moo, Kwang‐Gae, Ul‐Ji.
Horizontal strike with back fist (dung joomuk soopyong taerigi), in L‐stance:
Juche.
Backfist front strike (dung joomuk ap taerigi) in sitting stance: Ge‐Baek,
Yoo‐Sin, Se‐Jong.
Backfist front strike in walking stance: Choong‐Jang, Moon‐Moo, So‐San.
Side front strike with back fist (dung joomuk yobap taerigi) in walking
stance, striking palm with elbow: Choong‐Jang.
17
Taekwon‐Do Patterns
Side front strike with back fist in one‐leg stance, striking palm with back
forearm: Tong‐Il.
Downward strike with back fist in X‐stance: Juche, Yon‐Gae.
Downward strike with back fist in L‐stance: Tong‐Il.
Backfist side back strike (dung joomuk yopdwi taerigi), in walking stance:
Moon‐Moo.
Backfist side back strike, in L‐stance: Toi‐Gye, Choong‐Moo.
Backfist side back strike, in sitting stance: Po‐Eun, Ul‐Ji.
Backfist side back strike, in close stance, slow motion: Toi‐Gye.
Note: When performed in L‐stance, the strike is accompanied by a low
outer forearm block. In other stances, the arm or fist is extended.
Strikes with other parts of the hand
Downward strike with side fist (yop joomuk), in close stance: Kwang‐Gae.
Downward strike with side fist in vertical stance: Yoo‐Sin.
Middle side strike with side fist, in sitting stance: Moon‐Moo.
Horizontal strike with twin side fists, in walking stance: Ul‐Ji.
Front strike with under fist (mit joomuk), in walking stance: Tong‐Il.
Downward strike with back hand (sondung), in L‐stance: Choong‐Jang.
Horizontal strike with back hand, in sitting stance: Yoo‐Sin, Dale Cope, Ul‐Ji.
Outward strike with back hand, in L‐stance, stamping: Tong‐Il.
18
Taekwon‐Do Patterns
Crescent strike with arc‐hand (bandal son bandal taerigi), high, in walking
stance: Juche.
Strike with arc‐hand, high, in walking stance: Choong‐Jang.
Front elbow strike (ap palkup taerigi), middle, in reverse walking stance,
striking palm: Yul‐Gok, Ge‐Baek, Sam‐Il, Choi‐Yong, Dale Cope, Ul‐Ji.
Upper elbow strike (wi palkup taerigi), in reverse walking stance:
Joong‐Gun.
Downward elbow strike, in reverse walking stance: Dale Cope.
High elbow strike in reverse walking stance, pressing side fist with palm:
Juche.
Inward cross‐cut (ghutgi) with flat fingertip (opun sonkut), high, in parallel
stance: Juche.
Outward cross‐cut with flat fingertip, high, in walking stance: Yon‐Gae.
Outward cross‐cut with flat fingertip, high, in L‐stance: Ko‐Dang.
Outward cross‐cut with flat fingertip, high, in sitting stance: Juche.
Thrusts (tulgi)
Fingertip thrusts
Straight fingertip thrust (sun sonkut tulgi), middle, in walking stance:
Do‐San, Won‐Hyo, Yul‐Gok, Hwa‐Rang, Choong‐Moo, Ul‐Ji, Se‐Jong.
Flat fingertip thrust (opun sonkut tulgi), high, in walking stance: Toi‐Gye,
Choong‐Moo, Choi‐Yong.
Flat fingertip thrust, high, in low stance: Kwang‐Gae, Ge‐Baek, Choong‐Jang.
19
Taekwon‐Do Patterns
Flat fingertip thrust, high, in reverse low stance: Ge‐Baek.
Flat fingertip thrust, high, in L‐stance: Choong‐Jang.
Flat fingertip thrust, middle, in sitting stance: Moon‐Moo.
Upset fingertip thrust (dwijibun sonkut tulgi), low, in walking stance:
Toi‐Gye, Choong‐Moo, Sam‐Il.
Thrust with double finger (doo songarak tulgi), high, in walking stance:
Choong‐Jang.
Thrust with angle fingertip (homi sonkut tulgi), high, in walking stance:
Tong‐Il.
Elbow thrusts
Back elbow thrust (dwit palkup tulgi), in sitting stance, supporting forefist
with palm: Po‐Eun.
Back elbow thrust in sitting stance, with side fist on top: Ul‐Ji.
Back elbow thrust in walking stance, fists together, in slow motion:
Choong‐Jang.
Back elbow thrust in walking stance, finger belly to fist, in slow motion:
Dale Cope (both obverse and reverse).
Back elbow thrust in diagonal stance, supporting forefist with palm: Sam‐Il.
Back elbow thrust in rear foot stance: Dale Cope.
Side elbow thrust (yop palkup tulgi), in L‐stance: Hwa‐Rang (sliding),
Choong‐Jang, Yon‐Gae.
Side elbow thrust, in fixed stance: Se‐Jong.
20
Taekwon‐Do Patterns
Thrust with twin side elbow, in close stance: Ul‐Ji.
Twin side back elbow thrust, in close stance: Tong‐Il.
Horizontal thrust with twin elbow (sang yop palkup tulgi), in close stance,
in slow motion: Toi‐Gye and Po‐Eun.
Horizontal thrust with twin elbow, in X‐stance: Yon‐Gae.
Downward thrust with straight elbow (sun palkup naeryo tulgi), in rear foot
stance: Juche, Yon‐Gae.
Downward thrust with straight elbow, in L‐stance: Ko‐Dang.
Foot Attacks Kicks (chagi)
Note: many of the kicks can also be executed with the knee or the toes,
especially when wearing shoes. The usual attacking weapon is given here,
and should be used in patterns unless otherwise stated.
Note: to execute a foot attack in a pattern, hands are often kept where
they were in the last movement.
Front snap kick (apcha busigi), with the ball of the foot (apkumchi).
Note: the kick is usually called a side front snap kick when performed
from a half‐facing stance.
Note: Students sometimes try to remember the height of the kick by
saying “middle after 2‐hand block or attack, low after 1‐hand”. This is not
perfectly reliable, as this list shows.
Front snap kick, middle after 2‐hand block or attack: Do‐San (after wedging
block), Toi‐Gye (after vertical punch with twin fist), Kwang‐Gae (after upset
punch with twin fist), Choi‐Yong (after W‐shape block with a knife‐hand),
Dale Cope (after knife‐hand guarding block).
Front snap kick, middle after 1‐hand block or attack: Choong‐Jang (after an
arc‐hand strike), Ko‐Dang (after a palm upward block), Ul‐Ji (after a rising
21
Taekwon‐Do Patterns
block, and also while executing a middle wedging block with the inner
forearm), Moon‐Moo (after a palm downward block) .
Front snap kick, low after a high punch: So‐San.
Front snap kick, low after 1‐hand block or attack: Yul‐Gok (after inner
forearm block), Joong‐Gun (after block with reverse knife‐hand), Sam‐Il
(after a high punch).
Front snap kick, low after 2‐hand block or 2 hands involved in an attack:
Won‐Hyo (after a circular block), Toi‐Gye and Ge‐Baek (after knife‐hand
guarding block), Choong‐Jang (after a forearm guarding block), Choong‐Jang
(after a high flat fingertip thrust, with palm on back hand), Yoo‐Sin (after
punch, with palm on elbow joint).
Flying front snap kick: Dale Cope, So‐San.
Front snap kick with knee (moorup apcha busigi): Choong‐Jang (low, pulling
hands back).
Upward kick (ollyo chagi) with knee: (pulling hands downward, as if holding
opponent’s head) Toi‐Gye, Choong‐Moo and Dale Cope.
Side piercing kick (yopcha jirugi,) with the footsword (balkal).
Side piercing kick, middle, punching high: Won‐Hyo, Yul‐Gok, Joong‐Gun,
Choong‐Moo, Se‐Jong.
Side piercing kick, middle, maintaining hand position from a block: Kwang‐
Gae (hands in low front block against palm); Juche (maintaining an outer
forearm parallel block); Sam‐Il, Yoo‐Sin, Choi‐Yong, So‐San, Tong‐Il (hands in
forearm guarding block); Sam‐Il (hands in knife‐hand guarding block).
Side piercing kick, middle, pulling both hands back: Hwa‐Rang (as a release),
Ge‐Baek, Eui‐Am. Choong‐Jang, Choi‐Yong.
Side piercing kick, high, maintaining twin knife‐hand strike: So‐San.
22
Taekwon‐Do Patterns
Side piercing kick, middle, maintaining twin side elbow thrust: Ul‐Ji.
Side piercing kick, high, pulling both fists in front of chest: Juche, Yon‐Gae.
Side piercing kick, high, skipping in: Dale Cope.
Side piercing kicks, high, as a double kick, with the first in slow motion:
Moon‐Moo.
Flying side piercing kick: Choong‐Moo (land to L‐ stance), Ge‐Baek (land to
walking stance), Juche (two‐direction kick, with twisting kick, landing to
diagonal stance).
Mid‐air kick (twio dolmyo chagi), while spinning: Yon‐Gae, Ul‐Ji, Moon‐Moo.
Back piercing kick (dwitcha jirugi), with the footsword.
Back piercing kick, middle: Choong‐Moo, Juche (in slow motion), Ko‐Dang,
Tong‐Il (pulling both hands in opposite direction).
Pick‐shape kick (gokaeng‐i chagi), with the back heel (dwitchook).
Pick‐shape kick: Juche.
Downward kick (naeryo chagi), with the back heel.
Downward kick: Tong‐Il.
Twisting kick (bituro chagi), with the ball of the foot.
Twisting kick, low, with hands kept as they were: Ge‐Baek and Eui‐Am.
Twisting kick, middle, hands kept as they were: Sam‐Il.
Twisting kick, high: Moon‐Moo.
Twisting kick as part of two‐direction kick while flying, landing to diagonal
stance: Juche.
Sweeping kick (suroh chagi), with the side sole (yop bal badak).
23
Taekwon‐Do Patterns
Sweeping kick: Sam‐Il (fixed stance to fixed stance), Moon‐Moo (walking
stance to L‐stance, into middle guarding block).
Turning kick (dollyo chagi), with the ball of the foot.
Turning kick, high section: Hwa‐Rang, Choong‐Moo, So‐San (after a side
piercing kick, in continuous motion).
Turning kick, high from on the ground: Choong‐Jang.
Turning kick, middle section: Choong‐Moo, Ge‐Baek, Choi‐Yong,
Dale Cope, Ul‐Ji, Se‐Jong.
Reverse turning kick (bandae dollyo chagi), with the back heel.
Reverse turning kick, high: Eui‐Am, Dale Cope, Moon‐Moo.
Reverse turning kick, middle: Eui‐Am, Dale Cope.
Reverse turning kick, dodging (pihamyo), while flying: Juche.
Reverse hooking kick (bandae dollyo gorochagi), with the back heel.
Note: Reverse hooking kick is an attack, a variation of the reverse
turning kick. The usual target is the back of the head. The attacking tool is
the heel. It has the same name regardless of whether it is delivered to the
front, the back, or spinning.
Reverse hooking kick, high: Juche, Choi‐Yong, Dale Cope, Yon‐Gae.
Reverse hooking kick, high, in slow motion: Moon‐Moo.
Two‐direction kick (sangbang chagi) while flying: Juche (twisting and side
piercing).
Vertical kick (sewo chagi), with footsword and reverse footsword.
24
Taekwon‐Do Patterns
Vertical kick, inward (anuro), to palm with reverse footsword: Dale Cope,
Tong‐Il.
Vertical kick, outward, with footsword: Tong‐Il (maintaining hand position
from back fist downward strike).
Thrusting kick (tulumyo chagi): Moon‐Moo.
Blocks – with hands
Guarding blocks (daebi makgi)
Forearm guarding block (palmok daebi makgi), middle, in L‐stance:
Won‐Hyo, Joong‐Gun, Choong‐Moo, Po‐Eun, Ge‐Baek, Choong‐Jang, Juche,
Ko‐Dang, Sam‐Il (while sliding forwards), Choi‐Yong, Dale Cope, Yon‐Gae,
Ul‐Ji.
Forearm guarding block, middle, in rear foot stance: Eui‐Am, Juche and
Choi‐Yong.
Forearm guarding block, middle, with side piercing kick: Sam‐Il.
Forearm guarding block, high, in rear foot stance: Dale Cope.
Forearm guarding block, high, in fixed stance: Se‐Jong.
Knife‐hand guarding block (sonkal daebi makgi), middle, in L‐stance:
Dan‐Gun, Do‐San, Won‐Hyo, Joong‐Gun, Toi‐Gye, Hwa‐Rang, Choong‐Moo,
Kwang‐Gae, Ge‐Baek, Choong‐Jang, Juche, Ko‐Dang (after sliding back and
also after jumping), Sam‐Il, Yoo‐Sin, Dale Cope, Yon‐Gae, Moon‐Moo, So‐San.
Knife‐hand guarding block, middle, in L‐stance after jumping and spinning:
Choong‐Moo and Sam‐Il.
Knife‐hand guarding block, low, in L‐stance: Toi‐Gye, Ko‐Dang, Sam‐Il,
Choi‐Yong, Dale Cope.
25
Taekwon‐Do Patterns
Knife‐hand guarding block, low, sliding back into L‐stance: Kwang‐Gae,
Sam‐Il.
Knife‐hand guarding block, low, in sitting stance: Ge‐Baek.
Knife‐hand guarding block, high, in L‐stance: Ko‐Dang, Se‐Jong.
Knife‐hand guarding block, high, in rear foot stance: Kwang‐Gae.
Knife‐hand guarding block with side piercing kick: Sam‐Il.
Reverse knife‐hand guarding block (sonkal dung daebi makgi), low,
in L‐stance: Choong‐Jang, Dale Cope, Yon‐Gae, Tong‐Il (in circular motion).
Reverse knife‐hand guarding block, low, in sitting stance: Po‐Eun, Ge‐Baek.
Reverse knife‐hand guarding block, high, in L‐stance: Sam‐Il.
Blocks with the forearm (palmok makgi)
Blocks with outer forearm (pakat palmok)
Outer forearm block, low, in walking stance: Saju Jirugi, Chon‐Ji, Dan‐Gun,
Hwa‐Rang, Ge‐Baek, Se‐Jong. (And with other forearm maintaining a
previous block, in Kwang‐Gae and Yoo‐Sin).
Outer forearm block, low, in L‐stance: Ko‐Dang (and, pulling other fist under
armpit, in Sam‐Il). Also, accompanied by a side back strike, in Toi‐Gye and
Choong‐Moo. Accompanied by a high outward block with the other outer
forearm, in Sam‐Il.
Outer forearm block, high, in walking stance: Do‐San, Yul‐Gok, Ko‐Dang,
Yoo‐Sin.
Outer forearm block, high, in reverse walking stance: Eui‐Am, So‐San.
Outer forearm block, high, outward, in L‐stance: Sam‐Il.
26
Taekwon‐Do Patterns
Outer forearm block, high, outward, in sitting stance: Yoo‐Sin (immediately
following a waving kick).
Outer forearm block, high, inward, in walking stance: Choong‐Jang.
Outer forearm block, middle, inward, in sitting stance: Choong‐Moo.
Outer forearm block, middle, inward, in rear foot stance: Tong‐Il.
Middle front block with outer forearm in reverse walking stance: Sam‐Il.
Middle front block with outer forearm in sitting stance: Choong‐Moo.
Low front block with outer forearm, in X‐stance: Po‐Eun (with finger belly
on under forearm, also with finger belly to side fist).
Downward block with outer forearm, in L‐stance: Juche.
Downward block with outer forearm, sliding back to L‐stance: Ko‐Dang.
Rising block (chookyo makgi), with outer forearm, in walking stance:
Dan‐Gun, Do‐San, Choong‐Moo, Ge‐Baek, Choong‐Jang, Ul‐Ji, Se‐Jong.
Blocks with the inner forearm (an palmok)
Inner forearm side block (an palmok yop makgi), middle, in walking stance:
Saju Makgi, Yul‐Gok.
Inner forearm side block, middle, in L‐stance: Chong‐Ji, Toi‐Gye, Ko‐Dang,
Yoo‐Sin.
Side front block with inner forearm, in close stance: Hwa‐Rang (with other
forearm extended to side downward).
27
Taekwon‐Do Patterns
Side front block with inner forearm, in sitting stance: Po‐Eun (with a
pressing block) and Choong‐Jang (with other forearm extended to side
downward).
Inner forearm circular block (dollimyo makgi), in walking stance: Won‐Hyo,
Toi‐Gye, Yoo‐Sin, Choi‐Yong, Ul‐Ji, So‐Sang.
Waist block (hori makgi) with inner forearm, in rear foot stance: Yon‐Gae.
Blocks using both forearms
Double forearm block (doo palmok makgi), high, in walking stance: Yul‐Gok,
Joong‐Gun, Toi‐Gye, Sam‐Il, Yoo‐Sin.
Double forearm block, middle, in walking stance: Kwang‐Gae, Ul‐Ji.
Double forearm block, high, in X‐stance: Ge‐Baek, Se‐Jong.
Double forearm pushing block (miro makgi), low, in L‐stance: Toi‐Gye.
Parallel block (narani makgi), with outer forearm, in one‐leg stance: Juche,
Dale Cope.
Parallel block with inner forearm: Juche.
Wedging block (hechyo makgi), with outer forearm, high, in walking stance:
Do‐San.
Wedging block with inner forearm, middle, in sitting stance: Po‐Eun.
Twin forearm block (sang palmok makgi), in L‐stance: Dan‐gun, Won‐Hyo,
Hwa‐Rang, Se‐Jong.
W‐shape block (san makgi), in sitting stance: Tong‐Il.
W‐shape block, in sitting stance, stamping: Toi‐Gye, Ge‐Baek, Sam‐Il,
Dale Cope, Tong‐Il.
28
Taekwon‐Do Patterns
Nine shape block (gutja makgi), in sitting stance: Ge‐Baek, Yoo‐Sin,
Dale Cope.
Nine shape block, in walking stance: Choong‐Jang.
Checking block (momchau makgi) with twin straight forearm, in sitting
stance: Yon‐Gae.
Blocks with the knife‐hand (sonkal makgi)
Knife‐hand block low, in walking stance: Saju Makgi, Ge‐Baek, Choong‐Jang,
Yon‐Gae.
Knife‐hand block, low, in L‐stance: Eui‐Am.
Knife‐hand block in one‐leg stance, in slow motion, both low and high:
Moon‐Moo.
Knife‐hand block, low, in sitting stance: Moon‐Moo.
Knife‐hand block, middle, in L‐stance: Ko‐Dang.
Knife‐hand block, high, in walking stance: Sam‐Il (with palm on forearm),
So‐San..
Knife‐hand block, rising, in walking stance: Eui‐Am, Ko‐Dang, Choi‐Yong,
Tong‐Il.
Knife‐hand block, inward, low, in close stance: Kwang‐Gae (hitting palm).
Knife‐hand block, inward, low, in L‐stance: Eui‐Am.
Knife‐hand block, inward, low, in reverse walking stance: Eui‐Am (with fist
to shoulder).
Circular block with knife‐hand, in walking stance: Tong‐Il.
Blocks with reverse knife‐hand (sonkal dung)
29
Taekwon‐Do Patterns
Reverse knife‐hand side block (sonkal dung yop makgi), middle, in L‐stance:
Joong‐Gun.
Reverse knife‐hand block, in walking stance, both middle and high, in
slow motion: Tong‐Il.
Reverse knife‐hand block, high, in L‐stance: Yoo‐Sin.
Reverse knife‐hand block, low, in reverse walking stance: Yon‐Gae.
Reverse knife‐hand block, low, in X‐stance: Juche (with finger belly on
back forearm).
Reverse knife‐hand block, low, inward, in L‐stance: Eui‐Am and Dale Cope
(both with side fist to shoulder).
Circular block with reverse knife‐hand, in walking stance: Eui‐Am.
Blocks using both knife‐hands
Rising block with X‐knife‐hand (kyocha sonkal), in walking stance: Yoo‐Sin,
Ul‐Ji, So‐San.
Twin knife‐hand block (sang sonkal makgi) in L‐stance: Yul‐Gok,
Choong‐Moo, Ul‐Ji.
Checking block with X‐knife‐hand (kyocha sonkal momchau makgi), in
L‐stance: Choong‐Moo, Ge‐Baek.
Checking block with X‐knife‐hand, in fixed stance: Ul‐Ji.
W‐shape block with knife‐hand, in walking stance: Choi‐Yong.
Wedging block with knife‐hand, middle, walking stance: Eui‐Am.
Wedging block with reverse knife‐hand, middle, in sitting stance: Sam‐Il.
30
Taekwon‐Do Patterns
W‐shape block with knife‐hand, in sitting stance: Choi‐Yong.
W‐shape block with reverse knife‐hand, in sitting stance: Yon‐Gae.
Blocks with the fist (joomuk)
Pressing block with forefist, in sitting stance: Po‐Eun.
Rising block with X‐fist (kyocha joomuk chookyo makgi), in walking stance:
Joong‐Gun.
Downward block with X‐fist (kyocha joomuk naeryo makgi), in walking
stance: Eui‐Am.
Pressing block with X‐fist (kyocha joomuk noollo makgi), in walking stance:
Toi‐Gye, Hwa‐Rang, Choong‐Jang, Sam‐Il, Yoo‐Sin, Ul‐Ji.
Pressing block with X‐fist, in L‐stance: Ul‐Ji.
Pressing block with X‐fist, in X‐stance: Toi‐Gye, Tong‐Il.
Checking block with X‐fist, in L‐stance: Yon‐Gae.
Blocks with the palm (sonbadak)
Palm hooking block (sonbadak golcho makgi), middle, in walking stance:
Yul‐Gok (in both obverse and reverse walking stance).
Palm hooking block, high, in walking stance: Kwang‐Gae (obverse) and Yoo‐
Sin (reverse).
Palm hooking block, middle, in sitting stance: Juche, Yoo‐Sin.
Palm hooking block, middle, parallel stance: Choi‐Yong, Yong‐Gae.
Upward block with palm (sonbadak ollyo makgi), in rear foot stance
(obverse): Joong‐Gun, Ko‐Dang, Sam‐Il.
31
Taekwon‐Do Patterns
Upward block with palm, in reverse walking stance: Kwang‐Gae (in slow
motion).
Upward block with palm, in L‐stance: Ul‐Ji.
Twin palm upward block (sang sonbadak ollyo makgi), in walking stance:
Choong‐Moo.
Rising block with twin palm, in diagonal stance: Juche.
Palm pressing block (sonbadak noollo makgi), in walking stance: Tong‐Il.
Palm pressing block, in reverse walking stance: Ko‐Dang, Choi‐Yong,
Moon‐Moo.
Palm pressing block, in reverse low stance: Joong‐Gun and Kwang‐Gae
(both slow motion).
Pressing block with twin palm (sang sonbadak noollo makgi), in rear foot
stance: Choong‐Jang, Sam‐Il.
Pressing block with twin palm, in diagonal stance: Se‐Jong.
Horizontal block with twin palm, in L‐stance, slow motion: Tong‐Il.
Palm downward block, in rear foot stance: Moon‐Moo.
Downward block with alternate palm (eukhallin sonbadak naeryo makgi),
in rear foot stance: Eui‐Am, Dale Cope.
Palm pushing block (sonbadak miro makgi), middle, in sitting stance:
Hwa‐Rang, Ko‐Dang.
Palm pushing block, middle, in walking stance: Tong‐Il.
Inward block with palm, in walking stance: Tong‐Il.
32
Taekwon‐Do Patterns
Scooping block (duro makgi) with the palm, in sitting stance: Ge‐Baek,
Yoo‐Sin, Se‐Jong.
Scooping block with the palm, in L‐stance: Choong‐Jang.
Double arc hand block (doo bandal son makgi), high, in walking stance:
Ge‐Baek, Sam‐Il.
Double arc hand block, middle, in walking stance: So‐San, Se‐Jong.
Upward block with bow wrist (sonmok dung), in rear foot stance: Tong‐Il.
U‐shape block (digutja makgi), in fixed stance: Joong‐Gun, Choong‐Moo,
Sam‐Il.
U‐shape grasp (digutja japgi), in L‐stance: Po‐Eun.
Using both hands as if to grab opponent’s head, in walking stance:
Toi‐Gye, Choong‐Moo, Dale Cope.
Two blocks performed at once: In Po‐Eun movements No.6, 7, 24 & 25 have
a forefist pressing block and a side front block with the inner forearm.
Blocks with feet
Hooking kick (golcho chagi), middle: Juche and Ko‐Dang.
Note: A hooking kick is a block to elbow joint or Achilles tendon,
executed with side instep, preferably to outside of attacking hand or foot.
In the printed form of Ko‐Dang it is referred to as a “hook” kick although this
term is not to be found in the Encyclopedia.
In Juche it is followed in consecutive motion by a high side piercing kick.
Pressing kick (noollo chagi), in one‐leg stance: Po‐Eun.
Pressing kick from close stance: Kwang‐Gae.
33
Taekwon‐Do Patterns
Pushing kick (miro chagi) after stepping: Moon‐Moo.
Crescent kick (bandal chagi) to palm: Yoo‐Sin, Ul‐Ji.
Waving kick (doro chagi): Yoo‐Sin.
Checking kick (cha momchagi): Moon‐Moo.
Other movements or positions
Fist extended to front horizontally: Yul‐Gok (as marker for a punch, in sitting
stance).
Knife‐hand extended to front horizontally: Po‐Eun (as marker for angle
punch, in sitting stance).
Knife‐hand left extended after strike: Juche (after spinning), Yon‐Gae
(after flying).
.
To heaven hand in close stance, in slow motion: Juche.
Circular movement of arms, in slow motion, from heaven hand to close
ready stance B: Kwang‐Gae.
Circular motion, striking palm with low guarding block with reverse
knife‐hand: Kwang‐Gae, Tong‐Il.
Circular motion to low knife‐hand guarding block, in L‐stance: Tong‐Il.
Both elbows extended to sides horizontally: Yoo‐Sin (while moving to sitting
stance).
Both fists lifted, in one‐leg stance: Po‐Eun.
Body‐dropping: Choong‐Jang.
34
Taekwon‐Do Patterns
Hand positions accompanying an attack or block
Note: When one arm is executing an attack or a block the other fist is
usually pulled back to the hip. Following are the exceptions.
Arm extended downward with back fist side back strike: Po‐Eun and Ul‐Ji
(in sitting stance), Toi‐Gye (in slow motion, in close stance).
Forearm extended to side downward, with inner forearm side front block:
Hwa‐Rang (in close stance) and Choong‐Jang (in sitting stance).
Bringing side fist to shoulder: Dale Cope (with high inward knife‐hand strike
and with low vertical punch, both in X‐stance), Yon‐Gae (with upward punch
in X‐stance, also with a low inward reverse knife‐hand block in walking
stance), So‐San (with upset punch with middle knuckle fist in L‐stance, also
with high inward knife‐hand strike in walking stance), Tong‐Il (with low
inward palm block in walking stance, also with an upset punch in L‐stance).
Slipping palm to elbow with punch: Po‐Eun (in sitting stance) and Dale Cope
(in walking stance).
Palm on back of hand after high flat fingertip thrust, with low front snap
kick: Choong‐Jang.
Finger belly to fist with high backfist side strike: Eui‐Am (jumping to X‐
stance).
Finger belly on back forearm with low reverse knife‐hand block: Juche.
Striking palm with elbow strike: Yul‐Gok, Ge‐Baek, Sam‐Il and Choi‐Yong
(all in reverse walking stance).
Striking palm with elbow in side front strike with back fist: Choong‐Jang
(slipping into reverse walking stance).
Palm to elbow with high front knife‐hand strike: Ul‐Ji.
35
Taekwon‐Do Patterns
Back elbow thrust, palm to forefist: Po‐Eun (in sitting stance) and Dale Cope
(slow motion, in both obverse and reverse walking stance).
Back elbow thrust, fists together: Choong‐Jang (slow motion, in walking
stance).
Punch palm with fist: Choong‐Jang (in reverse L‐stance).
Strike palm with back forearm: Se‐Jong.
Fist pulled under armpit while executing low forearm block: Sam‐Il
(in reverse L‐stance).
Fist over shoulder while executing middle punch: Sam‐Il (in L‐stance).
Finger belly on back forearm with low reverse knife‐hand block: Juche
(in X‐stance).
Vertical kick to palm with reverse footsword: Dale Cope, Tong‐Il.
Hand positions while kicking
Back piercing kick
Note: For a back piercing kick bring both hands in front of the chest.
Turning kick
Note: For a turning kick, form a forearm guarding block.
Exceptions are noted here.
Turning kick from on the ground
With both hands on the ground supporting the body: Choong‐Jang.
Front snap kick
Note: When executing a front snap kick, hands usually maintain their
previous position.
36
Taekwon‐Do Patterns
Maintaining a high wedging block: Do‐San (middle).
Maintaining an inner forearm block: Yul‐Gok (low).
Maintaining a circular block: Won‐Hyo (low).
Maintaining a palm upward block: Ko‐Dang (middle).
Maintaining a palm downward block: Moon‐Moo (middle).
Maintaining a W‐shape block with a knife‐hand: Choi‐Yong (middle).
Maintaining forearm guarding block: Choong‐Jang (low).
Maintaining a middle knife‐hand guarding block: Toi‐Gye and Ge‐Baek (both
low), Dale Cope (middle).
Maintaining a middle block with reverse knife‐hand: Joong‐Gun (low).
Maintaining a high punch: Sam‐Il and So‐San (both low).
Maintaining a middle punch, with palm on elbow joint: Yoo‐Sin (low).
Maintaining a high vertical punch with twin fist: Toi‐Gye (middle).
Maintaining an upset punch with twin fist: Kwang‐Gae (middle).
Maintaining a high arc‐hand strike: Choong‐Jang (middle).
Maintaining a rising block with the forearm: Ul‐Ji (middle).
Maintaining a flat fingertip thrust, bringing palm onto back hand: Choong‐
Jang (low).
While executing middle wedging block with inner forearm: Ul‐Ji (middle).
Front snap kick with the knee
Pulling hands back: Choong‐Jang.
Upward kick with the knee
pulling hands downwards (as if holding opponent’s head): Toi‐Gye,
Choong‐ Moo, Dale Cope.
Side piercing kick
Note: For a side piercing kick (for early patterns) the leading arm is
extended looking like a side punch (although extended in an arc rather than
a straight line) while the other fist is brought to the hip. Exceptions are
noted here.
Pulling both hands in opposite direction: Hwa‐Rang, Ge‐Baek, Eui‐Am,
Choong‐Jang, Choi‐Yong.
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
Pulling both fists in front of chest: Juche, Yon‐Gae.
Sweeping kick, walking stance to L‐stance, into middle guarding block:
Moon‐Moo.
Consecutive kicks (yonsok chagi)
Both fists in front of chest: Juche (while performing a middle hooking kick
and a high side piercing kick).
Pulling both hands in opposite direction: Choi‐Yong (while performing a high
reverse hooking kick and a middle side piercing kick).
Movements showing a release
Note: These patterns show a sequence of movements which can used as
a release in Self Defence (hosin sul).
After a fingertip thrust: Do‐San.
After a high side strike with back fist: Joong‐Gun.
After a middle punch: Hwa‐Rang.
After a high flat fingertip thrust: Choong‐Jang.
From a double punch, L‐stance to walking stance: So‐San.
Last foot movement
For remembering how to return to Ready Posture at the end of the pattern:
Up to (and including) Hwa Rang, pull back the previous movement.
From Choong‐Moo, follow the previous movement, except for Ko‐Dang and
Dale Cope.
From Yoo‐sin onwards, pull back the previous foot movement.
Meaning of Pattern names
Chon‐Ji
Chon‐Ji means literally "the Heaven the Earth". It is, in the Orient,
interpreted as the creation of the world or the beginning of human history,
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
therefore, it is the initial pattern played by the beginner. This pattern
consists of two similar parts; one to represent the Heaven and the other the
Earth.
Dan‐Gun
Dan‐Gun Is named after the holy Dan‐Gun, the legendary founder of Korea in
the year 2333 B.C.
Do‐San
Do‐San Is the pseudonym of the patriot Ahn Chang‐Ho (1876‐1938). The 24
movements represent his entire life which he devoted to furthering
education in Korea and its independence movement.
Won‐Hyo
Won‐Hyo was the noted monk who introduced Buddhism to the Silla Dynasty
in the year of 686 A.D.
Yul‐Gok
Yul‐Gok Is the pseudonym of a great philosopher and scholar Yi‐l (1536‐1584)
nicknamed the "Confucius of Korea". The 38 movements of this pattern refer
to his birthplace on the 38th degree of latitude and the diagram represents
"scholar".
Joong‐Gun
Joong‐Gun Is named after the patriot Ahn Joong‐Gun who assassinated Hiro‐
Bumi Ito, the first Japanese governor‐general of Korea, known as the man
who played the leading part in the Korea‐Japan merger. There are 32
movements in this pattern to represent Mr. Ahn's age when he was executed
at Lui‐Shung prison (1910).
Toi‐Gye
Toi‐Gye Is the pen name of the noted scholar Yi Hwang (16th century), an
authority on neo‐Confucianism. The 37 movements of the pattern refer to
his birthplace on the 37th degree of latitude, and the diagram represents
"scholar".
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
Hwa‐Rang
Hwa‐Rang Is named after the Hwa‐Rang youth group which originated in the
Silla Dynasty in the early 7th century. The 29 movements refer to the 29th
Infantry Division, where Taekwon‐Do developed into maturity.
Choong‐Moo
Choong‐Moo was the name given to the great Admiral Yi Soon‐Sin of the Yi
Dynasty. He was reputed to have invented the first armoured battleship
(Kobukson) in 1592, which is said to be the precursor of the present day
submarine. The reason why this pattern ends with a left hand attack is to
symbolize his regrettable death, having no chance to show his unrestrained
potentiality checked by the forced reservation of his loyalty to the king.
Kwang‐Gae
Kwang‐Gae Is named after the famous Kwang‐Gae‐Toh‐Wang, the 19th King
of the Koguryo Dynasty, who regained all the lost territories including the
greater part of Manchuria. The diagram represents the expansion and
recovery of lost territory. The 39 movements refer to the first two figures of
391 A.D., the year he came to the throne.
Po‐Eun
Po‐Eun is the pseudonym of a loyal subject Chong Mong‐Chu (1400) who was
a famous poet and whose poem "I would not serve a second master though I
might be crucified a hundred times" is known to every Korean. He was also a
pioneer in the field of physics. The diagram represents his unerring loyalty to
the king and country towards the end of the Koryo Dynasty.
Ge‐Baek
Ge‐Baek is named after Ge‐Baek, a great general in the Baek Je Dynasty (660
A.D.). The diagram represents his severe and strict military discipline.
Eui‐Am
Eui‐Am is the pseudonym of Son Byong Hi, leader of the Korean
independence movement on March1, 1919. The 45 movements refer to his
age when he changed the name of Dong Hak (Oriental Culture) to Chondo
Kyo (Heavenly Way Religion) in 1905. The diagram represents his
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
indomitable spirit, displayed while dedicating himself to the prosperity of his
nation.
Choong‐Jang
Choong‐Jang is the pseudonym given to General Kim Duk Ryang who lived
during the Lee Dynasty, 14th century. This pattern ends with a left‐hand
attack to symbolize the tragedy of his death at 27 in prison before he was
able to reach full maturity.
Juche
Juche is a philosophical idea that man is the master of everything and
decides everything, in other words, the idea that man is the master of the
world and his own destiny. It is said that this idea was rooted in Baekdu
Mountain which symbolizes the spirit of the Korean people. The diagram
represents Baekdu Mountain.
Ko‐Dang
Pseudonym of the patriot Cho Man Shik, who dedicated his life to the Korean
Independence Movement and to the education of his people.
Note: Ko‐Dang was one of the original 24 patterns created by General
Choi. In the early 1980s, however, Ko‐Dang was removed from the official
syllabus by General Choi and replaced by a new pattern which he named
Juche. Ko‐Dang was a famous South Korean anti‐communist, and when Choi
began to spread his art throughout the world, and to North Korea in
particular, he removed this pattern so as not to offend anyone.
Ko‐Dang is now commonly referred to as the 25th pattern and it is practised
by the students of Taranaki Taekwon‐Do.
Sam‐Il
Sam‐Il denotes the historical date of the independence movement of Korea
which began throughout the country on March 1, 1919. The 33 movements
in the pattern stand for the 33 patriots who planned the movement.
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
Yoo‐Sin
Yoo‐Sin is named after General Kim Yoo Sin, a commanding general during
the Silla Dynasty. The 68 movements refer to the last two figures of 668 A.D.,
the year Korea was united. The ready posture signifies a sword drawn on the
right rather than left side, symbolizing Yoo Sin’s mistake of following his
king’s orders to fight with foreign forces against his own nation.
Choi‐Yong
Choi‐Yong is named after General Choi Yong, Premier and Commander‐in‐
Chief of the Armed forces during the 14th century Koryo Dynasty. Choi Yong
was greatly respected for his loyalty, patriotism, and humility. He was
executed by his subordinate commanders headed by General Yi Sung Gae,
who later become the first king of the Lee Dynasty.
Dale Cope
Dale Cope Is named for the legendary artist and scholar Dale Copeland. The
56 movements of this pattern refer to her age when she started Taekwon‐
Do. The pattern diagram represents indomitable spirit, evident in her
undying dedication to Taranaki Taekwon‐Do, its instructor and her fellow
students.
Note: This pattern was created by Mr. Brent Flynn, for his thesis when
grading to 3rd Dan with Taranaki Taekwon‐Do.
Yon‐Gae
Yon‐Gae is named after a famous general during the Koguryo Dynasty, Yon
Gae Somoon. The 49 movements refer to the last two figures of 649 A.D., the
year he forced the Tang Dynasty to quit Korea after destroying nearly
300,000 of their troops at Ansi Sung.
Ul‐Ji
Ul‐Ji is named after general Ul‐Ji Moon Dok who successfully defended Korea
against a Tang's invasion force of nearly one million soldiers led by Yang Je in
612 A.D., Ul‐Ji employing hit and run guerilla tactics, was able to decimate a
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
large percentage of the force. The diagram represents his surname. The 42
movements represent the author's age when he designed the pattern.
.
Moon‐Moo
Moon‐Moo honours the 30th King of the Silla Dynasty. His body was buried
near Dae Wang Am (Great King's Rock). According to his will, the body was
placed in the sea "where my soul shall forever defend my land against the
Japanese." It is said that the Sok Gul Am (Stone cave) was built to guard his
tomb. The Sok Gul Am is a fine example of the culture of the Silla Dynasty.
The 61 movements in this pattern symbolize the last two figures of 661 A.D.
when Moon Moo came to the throne.
So‐San
So‐San is the pseudonym of the great monk Choi Hyong Ung (1520‐1604)
during the Lee Dynasty. The 72 movements refer to his age when he
organized a corps of monk soldiers with the assistance of his pupil Sa Myunh
Dang. The monk soldiers helped repulse the Japanese pirates who overran
most of the Korean peninsula in 1592.
Se‐Jong
Se‐Jong is named after the greatest Korean King, Se‐Jong, who invented the
Korean alphabet in 1443, and was also a noted meteorologist. The diagram
represents the king, while the 24 movements refer to the 24 letters of the
Korean alphabet.
Tong‐Il
Tong‐Il denotes the resolution of the unification of Korea which has been
divided since 1945. The diagram symbolizes the homogenous race.
The Fundamental Movements
Saju Jirugi (Four Direction Punch) ‐ Right side
Ready Posture – Parallel Ready Stance
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
1. Move the right foot to D forming a right walking stance toward D while
executing a middle punch to D with the right fist.
2. Move the right foot to A forming a left walking stance toward B while
executing a low block to B with the left forearm.
3. Move the right foot to B forming a right walking stance toward B while
executing a middle punch to B with the right fist.
4. Move the right foot to D forming a left walking stance toward C while
executing a low block to C with the left forearm.
5. Move the right foot to C forming a right walking stance toward C while
executing a middle punch to C with the right fist.
6. Move the right foot to B forming a left walking stance toward A while
executing a low block to A with the left forearm.
7. Move the right foot to A forming a right walking stance toward A while
executing a middle punch to A with the right fist.
END: Bring the right foot back to a ready posture.
Saju Jirugi ‐ Left side
Ready Posture – Parallel Ready Stance
1. Move the left foot to D forming a left walking stance toward D while
executing a middle punch to D with the left fist.
2. Move the left foot to A forming a right walking stance toward B while
executing a low block to B with the right forearm.
3. Move the left foot to B forming a left walking stance toward B while
executing a middle punch to B with the left fist.
4. Move the left foot to D forming a right walking stance toward C while
executing a low block to C with the right forearm.
5. Move the left foot to C forming a left walking stance toward C while
executing a middle punch to C with the left fist.
6. Move the left foot to B forming a right walking stance toward A while
executing a low block to A with the right forearm.
7. Move the left foot to A forming a left walking stance toward A while
executing a middle punch to A with the left fist.
END: Bring the left foot back to a ready posture.
Saju Makgi (Four Direction Block) – Right side
Ready Posture – Parallel Ready Stance
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
1. Move the right foot to C forming a left walking stance toward D while
executing a low block to D with the left knife‐hand.
2. Move the right foot to D forming a right walking stance toward D while
executing a middle side block to D with the right inner forearm.
3. Move the right foot to A forming a left walking stance toward B while
executing a low block to B with the left knife‐hand.
4. Move the right foot to B forming a right walking stance toward B while
executing a middle side block to B with the right inner forearm.
5. Move the right foot to D forming a left walking stance toward C while
executing a low block to C with the left knife‐hand.
6. Move the right foot to C forming a right walking stance toward C while
executing a middle side block to C with the right inner forearm.
7. Move the right foot to B forming a left walking stance toward A while
executing a low block to A with the left knife‐hand.
8. Move the right foot to A forming a right walking stance toward A while
executing a middle side block to A with the right inner forearm.
END: Bring the right foot back to a ready posture.
Saju Makgi – Left side
Ready Posture – Parallel Ready Stance
1. Move the left foot to C forming a right walking stance toward D while
executing a low block to D with the right knife‐hand.
2. Move the left foot to D forming a left walking stance toward D while
executing a middle side block to D with the left inner forearm.
3. Move the left foot to A forming a right walking stance toward B while
executing a low block to B with the right knife‐hand.
4. Move the left foot to B forming a left walking stance toward B while
executing a middle side block to B with the left inner forearm.
5. Move the left foot to D forming a right walking stance toward C while
executing a low block to C with the right knife‐hand.
6. Move the left foot to C forming a left walking stance toward C while
executing a middle side block to C with the left inner forearm.
7. Move the left foot to B forming a right walking stance toward A while
executing a low block to A with the right knife‐hand.
8. Move the left foot to A forming a left walking stance toward A while
45
Taekwon‐Do Patterns
executing a middle side block to A with the left inner forearm.
END: Bring the left foot back to a ready posture.
The Patterns (Tul)
Chon‐Ji
Ready Posture – Parallel Ready Stance
1. Move the left foot to B forming a left walking stance toward B while
executing a low block to B with the left forearm.
2. Move the right foot to B forming a right walking stance toward B while
executing a middle punch to B with the right fist.
3. Move the right foot to A, turning clockwise to form a right walking stance
toward A while executing a low block to A with the right forearm.
4. Move the left foot to A forming a left walking stance toward A while
executing a middle punch to A with the left fist.
5. Move the left foot to D forming a left walking stance toward D while
executing a low block to D with the left forearm.
6. Move the right foot to D forming a right walking stance toward D while
executing a middle punch to D with the right fist.
7. Move the right foot to C turning clockwise to form a right walking stance
toward C while executing a low block to C with the right forearm.
8. Move the left foot to C forming a left walking stance toward C while
executing a middle punch to C with the left fist.
9. Move the left foot to A forming a right L‐stance toward A while executing
a middle block to A with the left inner forearm.
10. Move the right foot to A forming a right walking stance toward A while
executing a middle punch to A with the right fist.
11. Move the right foot to B turning clockwise to form a left L‐stance toward
B while executing a middle block to B with the right inner forearm.
12. Move the left foot to B forming a left walking stance toward B while
executing a middle punch to B with the left fist.
13. Move the left foot to C forming a right L‐stance toward C while executing
a middle block to C with the left inner forearm.
14. Move the right foot to C forming a right walking stance toward C while
executing a middle punch to C with the right fist.
15. Move the right foot to D turning clockwise to form a left L‐stance toward
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
D while executing a middle block to D with the right inner forearm.
16. Move the left foot to D forming a left walking stance toward D while
executing a middle punch to D with the left fist.
17. Move the right foot to D forming a right walking stance toward D while
executing a middle punch to D with the right fist.
18. Move the right foot to C forming a left walking stance toward D while
executing a middle punch to D with the left fist.
19. Move the left foot to C forming a right walking stance toward D while
executing a middle punch to D with the right fist.
END: Bring the left foot back to a ready posture.
Dan‐Gun
Ready Posture – Parallel Ready Stance
1. Move the left foot to B forming a right L‐stance toward B, at the same time
executing a middle guarding block to B with a knife‐hand.
2. Move the right foot to B forming a right walking stance toward B while
executing a high punch to B with the right fist.
3. Move the right foot to A turning clockwise to form a left L‐stance toward
A, at the same time executing a middle guarding block to A with a knife‐
hand.
4. Move the left foot to A forming a left walking stance toward A while
executing a high punch to A with the left fist.
5. Move the left foot to D forming a left walking stance toward D while
executing a low block to D with the left forearm.
6. Move the right foot to D forming a right walking stance toward D while
executing a high punch to D with the right fist.
7. Move the left foot to D forming a left walking stance toward D while
executing a high punch to D with the left fist.
8. Move the right foot to D forming a right walking stance toward D while
executing a high punch to D with the right fist.
9. Move the left foot to E, turning counter clockwise to form a right L‐stance
toward E while executing a twin forearm block to E.
10. Move the right foot to E forming a right walking stance toward E while
executing a high punch to E with the right fist.
11. Move the right foot to F turning clockwise to form a left L‐stance toward
B while executing a middle block to B with the right inner forearm.
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
12. Move the left foot to F forming a left walking stance toward F while
executing a high punch to F with the left fist.
13. Move the left foot to C forming a left walking stance toward C while
executing a low block to C with the left forearm.
14. Execute a rising block with the left forearm, maintaining the left walking
stance toward C. Perform 13 and 14 in a continuous motion.
15. Move the right foot to C forming a right walking stance toward C, at the
same time executing a rising block with the right forearm.
16. Move the left foot to C forming a left walking stance toward C, at the
same time executing a rising block with the left forearm.
17. Move the right foot to C forming a right walking stance toward C, at the
same time executing a rising block with the right forearm.
18. Move the left foot to B turning counter clockwise to form a right L‐stance
toward B while executing a middle outward strike to B with the left knife‐
hand.
19. Move the right foot to B forming a right walking stance toward B while
executing a high punch to B with the right fist.
20. Move the right foot to A turning clockwise to form a left L‐stance toward
A while executing a middle outward strike to A with the right knife‐hand.
21. Move the left foot to A forming a left walking stance toward A while
executing a high punch to A with the left fist.
END: Bring the left foot back to a ready posture.
Do‐San
Ready Posture – Parallel Ready Stance
1. Move the left foot to B, forming a left walking stance toward B while
executing a high side block to B with the left outer forearm.
2. Execute a middle punch to B with the right fist while maintaining a left
walking stance toward B.
3. Move the left foot on line AB, and then turn clockwise to form a right
walking stance toward A while executing a high side block to A with the right
outer forearm.
4. Execute a middle punch to A with the left fist while maintaining a right
walking stance toward A.
5. Move the left foot to D, forming a right L‐stance toward D while executing
a middle guarding block to D with a knife‐hand.
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
6. Move the right foot to D forming a right walking stance toward D while
executing a middle thrust to D with the right straight fingertip.
7. Twist the right knife‐hand together with the body counter clockwise until
its palm faces downward and then move the left foot to D, turning counter
clockwise to form a left walking stance toward D while executing a high side
strike to D with the left back fist.
8. Move the right foot to D forming a right walking stance toward D while
executing a high side strike to D with the right back fist.
9. Move the left foot to E, turning counter clockwise to form a left walking
stance toward E while executing a high side block to E with the left outer
forearm.
10. Execute a middle punch to E with the right fist while maintaining a left
walking stance toward E.
11. Move the left foot on line EF, and then turn clockwise to form a right
walking stance toward F while executing a high side block to F with the right
outer forearm.
12. Execute a middle punch to F with the left fist while maintaining a right
walking stance toward F.
13. Move the left foot to CE forming a left walking stance toward CE, at the
same time executing a high wedging block to CE with the outer forearm.
14. Execute a middle front snap kick to CE with the right foot, keeping the
position of the hands as they were in 13.
15. Lower the right foot to CE forming a right walking stance toward CE while
executing a middle punch to CE with the right fist.
16. Execute a middle punch to CE with the left fist while maintaining a right
walking stance toward CE. Perform 15 and 16 in a fast motion.
17. Move the right foot to CF forming a right walking stance toward CF while
executing a high wedging block to CF with the outer forearm.
18. Execute a middle front snap kick to CF with the left foot, keeping the
position of the hands as they were in 17.
19. Lower the left foot to CF forming a left walking stance toward CF while
executing a middle punch to CF with the left fist.
20. Execute a middle punch to CF with the right fist while maintaining a left
walking stance toward CF. Perform 19 and 20 in a fast motion.
21. Move the left foot to C forming a left walking stance toward C, at the
same time executing a rising block with the left forearm.
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
22. Move the right foot to C forming a right walking stance toward C while
executing a rising block with the right forearm.
23. Move the left foot to B, turning counter clockwise to form a sitting stance
toward D while executing a middle side strike to B with the left knife‐hand.
24. Bring the left foot to the right foot and then move the right foot to A
forming a sitting stance toward D while executing a middle side strike to A
with the right knife‐hand.
END: Bring the right foot back to a ready posture.
Won‐Hyo
Ready Posture – Close Ready Stance A
1. Move the left foot to B forming a right L‐stance toward B while executing a
twin forearm block.
2. Execute a high inward strike to B with the right knife‐hand while bringing
the left side fist in front of the right shoulder, maintaining a right L‐stance
toward B.
3. Execute a middle punch to B with the left fist while forming a left fixed
stance toward B, slipping the left foot to B.
4. Bring the left foot to the right foot and then move the right foot to A,
forming a left L‐stance toward A while executing a twin forearm block.
5. Execute a high inward strike to A with the left knife‐hand while bringing
the right side fist in front of the left shoulder, maintaining a left L‐stance
toward A.
6. Execute a middle punch to A with the right fist while forming a right fixed
stance toward A, slipping the right foot to A.
7. Bring the right foot to the left foot and then turn the face toward D while
forming a right bending ready stance A toward D.
8. Execute a middle side piercing kick to D with the left foot.
9. Lower the left foot to D forming a right L‐stance toward D while executing
a middle guarding block to D with a knife‐hand.
10. Move the right foot to D forming a left L‐stance toward D while executing
a guarding block to D with a knife‐hand.
11. Move the left foot to D forming a right L‐stance toward D while executing
a middle guarding block to D with a knife‐hand.
12. Move the right foot to D forming a right walking stance toward D while
executing a middle thrust to D with the right straight finger tip.
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
13. Move the left foot to E turning counter clockwise to form a right L‐stance
toward E, at the same time executing a twin forearm block.
14. Execute a high inward strike to E with the right knife‐hand while bringing
the left side fist in front of the right shoulder, maintaining a right L‐stance
toward E.
15. Execute a middle punch to E with the left fist while forming a left fixed
stance toward E, slipping the left foot to E.
16. Bring the left foot to the right foot and then move the right foot to F,
forming a left L‐stance toward F while executing a twin forearm block.
17. Execute a high inward strike to F with the left knife‐hand while bringing
the right side fist in front of the left shoulder, maintaining a left L‐stance
toward F.
18. Execute a middle punch to F with the right fist while forming a right fixed
stance toward F, slipping the right foot to F.
19. Bring the right foot to the left foot and then move the left foot to C
forming a left walking stance toward C while executing a circular block to CF
with the right inner forearm.
20. Execute a low front snap kick to C with the right foot, keeping the
position of the hands as they were in 19.
21. Lower the right foot to C forming a right walking stance toward C while
executing a middle punch to C with the left fist.
22. Execute a circular block to CE with the left inner forearm while
maintaining a right walking stance toward C.
23. Execute a low front snap kick to C with the left foot, keeping the position
of the hands as they were in 22.
24. Lower the left foot to C forming a left walking stance toward C while
executing a middle punch to C with the right fist.
25. Turn the face toward C forming a left bending ready stance A toward C.
26. Execute a middle side piercing kick to C with the right foot.
27. Lower the right foot on line CD and then move the left foot to B, turning
counter clockwise to form a right L‐stance toward B, at the same time
executing a middle guarding block to B with the forearm.
28. Bring the left foot to the right foot and then move the right foot to A
forming a left L‐stance toward A while executing a middle guarding block to
A with the forearm.
END: Bring the right foot back to a ready posture.
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
Yul‐Gok
Ready Posture – Parallel Ready Stance
1. Move the left foot to B forming a sitting stance toward D while extending
the left fist to D horizontally.
2. Execute a middle punch to D with the right fist while maintaining a sitting
stance toward D.
3. Execute a middle punch to D with the left fist while maintaining a sitting
stance toward D. Perform 2 and 3 in a fast motion.
4. Bring the left foot to the right foot and then move the right foot to A
forming a sitting stance toward D while extending the right fist to D
horizontally.
5. Execute a middle punch to D with the left fist while maintaining a sitting
stance toward D.
6. Execute a middle punch to D with the right fist while maintaining a sitting
stance toward D. Perform 5 and 6 in a fast motion.
7. Move the right foot to AD forming a right walking stance toward AD while
executing a middle side block to AD with the right inner forearm.
8. Execute a low front snap kick to AD with the left foot keeping the position
of the hands as they were in 7.
9. Lower the left foot to AD forming a left walking stance toward AD while
executing a middle punch to AD with the left fist.
10. Execute a middle punch to AD with the right fist while maintaining a left
walking stance toward AD. Perform 9 and 10 in a fast motion.
11. Move the left foot to BD forming a left walking stance toward BD at the
same time executing a middle side block to BD with the left inner forearm.
12. Execute a low front snap kick to BD with the right foot keeping the
position of the hands as they were in 11.
13. Lower the right foot to BD forming a right walking stance toward BD
while executing a middle punch to BD with the right fist.
14. Execute a middle punch to BD with the left fist while maintaining a right
walking stance toward BD. Perform 13 and 14 in a fast motion.
15. Execute a middle hooking block to D with the right palm while forming a
right walking stance toward D, pivoting with the left foot.
16. Execute a middle hooking block to D with the left palm while maintaining
a right walking stance toward D.
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
17. Execute a middle punch to D with the right fist while maintaining a right
walking stance toward D. Execute 16 and 17 in a connecting motion.
18. Move the left foot to D forming a left walking stance toward D while
executing a middle hooking block to D with the left palm.
19. Execute a middle hooking block to D with the right palm while
maintaining a left walking stance toward D.
20. Execute a middle punch to D with the left fist while maintaining a left
walking stance toward D. Execute 19 and 20 in a connecting motion.
21. Move the right foot to D forming a right walking stance toward D at the
same time executing a middle punch to D with the right fist.
22. Turn the face toward D forming a right bending ready stance A toward D.
23. Execute a middle side piercing kick to D with the left foot.
24. Lower the left foot to D forming a left walking stance toward D while
striking the left palm with the right front elbow.
25. Turn the face toward C forming a left bending ready stance A toward C.
26. Execute a middle side piercing kick to C with the right foot.
27. Lower the right foot to C forming a right walking stance toward C while
striking the right palm with the left front elbow.
28. Move the left foot to E forming a right L‐stance toward E while executing
a twin knife‐hand block.
29. Move the right foot to E forming a right walking stance toward E while
executing a middle thrust to E with the right straight finger tip.
30. Move the right foot to F turning clockwise to form a left L‐stance toward
F while executing a twin knife‐hand block.
31. Move the left foot to F forming a left walking stance toward F while
executing a middle thrust to F with the left straight finger tip.
32. Move the left foot to C forming a left walking stance toward C while
executing a high side block to C with the left outer forearm.
33. Execute a middle punch to C with the right fist while maintaining a left
walking stance toward C.
34. Move the right foot to C forming a right walking stance toward C while
executing a high side block to C with the right outer forearm.
35. Execute a middle punch to C with the left fist while maintaining a right
walking stance toward C.
36. Jump to C forming a left X‐stance toward B while executing a high side
strike to C with the left back fist.
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
37. Move the right foot to A forming a right walking stance toward A at the
same time executing a high block to A with the right double forearm.
38. Bring the right foot to the left foot and then move the left foot to B
forming a left walking stance toward B while executing a high block to B with
the left double forearm.
END: Bring the left foot back to a ready posture.
Joong‐Gun
Ready Posture – Close Ready Stance B
1. Move the left foot to B forming a right L‐stance toward B while executing a
middle block to B with the left reverse knife‐hand.
2. Execute a low side front snap kick to B with the left foot, keeping the
position of the hands as they were in 1.
3. Lower the left foot to B and then move the right foot to B forming a left
rear foot stance toward B while executing an upward block with a right palm.
4. Move the right foot to A forming a left L‐stance toward A, at the same
time executing a middle block to A with a right reverse knife‐hand.
5. Execute a low side front snap kick to A with the right foot, keeping the
position of the hands as they were in 4.
6. Lower the right foot to A and then move the left foot to A forming a right
rear foot stance toward A while executing an upward block with a left palm.
7. Move the left foot to D forming a right L‐stance toward D while executing
a middle guarding block to D with a knife‐hand.
8. Execute a right upper elbow strike while forming a left walking stance
toward D, slipping the left foot to D.
9. Move the right foot to D forming a left L‐stance toward D while executing
a middle guarding block to D with a knife‐hand.
10. Execute a left upper elbow strike while forming a right walking stance
toward D, slipping the right foot to D.
11. Move the left foot to D forming a left walking stance toward D while
executing a high vertical punch to D with a twin fist.
12. Move the right foot to D forming a right walking stance toward D while
executing an upset punch to D with a twin fist.
13. Move the right foot on line CD and then turn counter clockwise to form a
left walking stance toward C while executing a rising block with an X‐fist.
14. Move the left foot to E forming a right L‐stance toward E while executing
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
a high side strike to E with the left back fist.
15. Twist the left fist counter clockwise until the back fist faces downward, at
the same time forming a left walking stance toward E, slipping the left foot
to E.
16. Execute a high punch to E with the right fist while maintaining a left
walking stance toward E. Perform 15 and 16 in a fast motion.
17. Bring the left foot to the right foot and then move the right foot to F,
forming a left L‐stance toward F while executing a high side strike to F with a
right back fist.
18. Twist the right fist clockwise until the back fist faces downward, at the
same time forming a right walking stance toward F, slipping the right foot
to F.
19. Execute a high punch to F with the left fist while maintaining a right
walking stance toward F. Perform 18 and 19 in a fast motion.
20. Bring the right foot to the left foot and then move the left foot to C
forming a left walking stance toward C while executing a high block to C with
a left double forearm.
21. Execute a middle punch to C with the left fist while forming a right L‐
stance toward C, pulling the left foot.
22. Execute a middle side piercing kick to C with the right foot.
23. Lower the right foot to C forming a right walking stance toward C while
executing a high block to C with the right double forearm.
24. Execute a middle punch to C with the right fist while forming a left L‐
stance toward C, pulling the right foot.
25. Execute a middle side piercing kick to C with the left foot.
26. Lower the left foot to C forming a right L‐stance toward C while executing
a middle guarding block to C with the forearm.
27. Execute a pressing block with the right palm while forming a left low
stance toward C, slipping the left foot to C. Perform in slow motion.
28. Move the right foot to C forming a left L‐stance toward C while executing
a middle guarding block to C with the forearm.
29. Execute a pressing block with the left palm while forming a right low
stance toward C, slipping the right foot to C. Perform in a slow motion.
30. Bring the left foot to the right foot forming a close stance toward A while
executing an angle punch with the right fist. Perform in slow motion.
31. Move the right foot to A forming a right fixed stance toward A while
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
executing a U‐shape block to A.
32. Bring the right foot to the left foot and then move the left foot to B
forming a left fixed stance toward B, at the same time executing a U‐shape
block to B.
END: Bring the left foot back to a ready posture.
Toi‐Gye
Ready Posture – Close Ready Stance B
1. Move the left foot to B forming a right L‐stance toward B while executing a
middle block to B with the left inner forearm.
2. Execute a low thrust to B with the right upset finger tip while forming a
left walking stance toward B, slipping the left foot to B.
3. Bring the left foot to the right foot to form a close stance toward D while
executing a side back strike to C with the right back fist, extending the left
arm to the side downward. Perform in slow motion.
4. Move the right foot to A forming a left L‐stance toward A while executing
a middle block to A with the right inner forearm.
5. Execute a low thrust to A with the left upset finger tip while forming a
right walking stance toward A, slipping the right foot to A.
6. Bring the right foot to the left foot to form a close stance toward D while
executing a side back strike to C with the left back fist, extending the right
arm to the side downward. Perform in slow motion.
7. Move the left foot to D forming a left walking stance toward D while
executing a pressing block with an X‐fist.
8. Execute a high vertical punch to D with a twin fist while maintaining a left
walking stance toward D. Perform 7 and 8 in a continuous motion.
9. Execute a middle front snap kick to D with the right foot, keeping the
position of the hands as they were in 8.
10. Lower the right foot to D forming a right walking stance toward D while
executing a middle punch to D with the right fist.
11. Execute a middle punch to D with the left fist while maintaining a right
walking stance toward D.
12. Bring the left foot to the right foot forming a close stance toward F while
executing a twin side elbow thrust. Perform in slow motion.
13. Move the right foot to F in a stamping motion forming a sitting stance
toward C while executing a W‐shape block to C with the right outer forearm.
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
14. Move the left foot to F in a stamping motion turning clockwise to form a
sitting stance toward D while executing a W‐shape block to D with the left
outer forearm.
15. Move the left foot to E in a stamping motion turning clockwise to form a
sitting stance toward C while executing a W‐shape block to C with the left
outer forearm.
16. Move the right foot to E in a stamping motion turning counter clockwise
to form a sitting stance toward D while executing a W‐shape block to D with
the right outer forearm.
17. Move the left foot to E in a stamping motion turning clockwise to form a
sitting stance toward C while executing a W‐shape block to C with the left
outer forearm.
18. Move the left foot to F in a stamping motion turning clockwise to form a
sitting stance toward D while executing a W‐shape block to D with the left
outer forearm.
19. Bring the right foot to the left foot and then move the left foot to D
forming a right L‐stance toward D while executing a low pushing block to D
with the left double forearm.
20. Extend both hands upward as if to grab the opponent's head while
forming a left walking stance toward D, slipping the left foot to D.
21. Execute an upward kick with the right knee while pulling both hands
downward.
22. Lower the right foot to the left foot and then move the left foot to C
forming a right L‐stance toward C while executing a middle guarding block to
C with a knife‐hand.
23. Execute a low side front snap kick to C with the left foot, keeping the
position of the hands as they were in 22.
24. Lower the left foot to C forming a left walking stance toward C while
executing a high thrust to C with the left flat finger tip.
25. Move the right foot to C forming a left L‐stance toward C while executing
a middle guarding block to C with a knife‐hand.
26. Execute a low side front snap kick to C with the right foot, keeping the
position of the hands as they were in 25.
27. Lower the right foot to C forming a right walking stance toward C while
executing a high thrust to C with the right flat finger tip.
28. Move the right foot to D forming a right L‐stance toward C while
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
executing a side back strike to D with the right back fist and a low block to C
with the left forearm.
29. Jump to C forming a right X‐stance toward A while executing a pressing
block with an X‐fist.
30. Move the right foot to C forming a right walking stance toward C while
executing a high block to C with the right double forearm.
31. Move the left foot to B forming a right L‐stance toward B while executing
a low guarding block to B with a knife‐hand.
32. Execute a circular block to BD with the right inner forearm while forming
a left walking stance toward B, slipping the left foot to B.
33. Bring the left foot to the right foot and then move the right foot to A
forming a left L‐stance toward A, at the same time executing a low guarding
block to A with a knife‐hand.
34. Execute a circular block to AD with the left inner forearm while forming a
right walking stance toward A, slipping the right foot to A.
35. Execute a circular block to CE with the right inner forearm while forming
a left walking stance toward CE.
36. Execute a circular block to AD with the left inner forearm while forming a
right walking stance toward A.
37. Move the right foot on line AB to form a sitting stance toward D while
executing a middle punch to D with the right fist.
END: Bring the right foot back to a ready posture.
Hwa‐Rang
Ready Posture – Close Ready Stance C
1. Move the left foot to B to form a sitting stance toward D while executing a
middle pushing block to D with the left palm.
2. Execute a middle punch to D with the right fist while maintaining a sitting
stance toward D.
3. Execute a middle punch to D with the left fist while maintaining a sitting
stance toward D.
4. Execute a twin forearm block while forming a left L‐stance toward A,
pivoting with the let foot.
5. Execute an upward punch with the left fist while pulling the right side fist
in front of the left shoulder, maintaining a left L‐stance toward A.
6. Execute a middle punch to A with the right fist while forming a right fixed
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
stance toward A in a sliding motion.
7. Execute a downward strike with the right knife‐hand while forming a left
vertical stance toward A, pulling the right foot.
8. Move the left foot to A forming a left walking stance toward A while
executing a middle punch to A with the left fist.
9. Move the left foot to D forming a left walking stance toward D while
executing a low block to D with the left forearm.
10. Move the right foot to D forming a right walking stance toward D while
executing a middle punch to D with the right fist.
11. Pull the left foot toward the right foot while bringing the left palm to the
right forefist, at the same time bending the right elbow about 45 degrees
outward.
12. Execute a middle side piercing kick to D with the right foot while pulling
both hands in the opposite direction and then lower it to D forming a left L‐
stance toward D, at the same time executing a middle outward strike to D
with the right knife‐hand.
13. Move the left foot to D forming a left walking stance toward D while
executing a middle punch to D with the left fist.
14. Move the right foot to D forming a right walking stance toward D at the
same time executing a middle punch to D with the right fist.
15. Move the left foot to E turning counter clockwise to form a right L‐stance
toward E while executing a middle guarding block to E with a knife‐hand.
16. Move the right foot to E forming a right walking stance toward E while
executing a middle thrust to E with the right straight finger tip.
17. Move the right foot on line EF forming a right L‐stance toward F while
executing a middle guarding block to F with a knife‐hand.
18. Execute a high turning kick to DF with the right foot and then lower it
to F.
19. Execute a high turning kick to CF with the left foot and then lower it to F
forming a right L‐stance toward F while executing a middle guarding block to
F with a knife‐hand. Perform 18 and 19 in a fast motion.
20. Move the left foot to C forming a left walking stance toward C while
executing a low block to C with the left forearm.
21. Execute a middle punch to C with the right fist while forming a right L‐
stance toward C, pulling the left foot.
22. Move the right foot to C forming a left L‐stance toward C while executing
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
a middle punch to C with the left fist.
23. Move the left foot to C forming a right L‐stance toward C while executing
a middle punch to C with the right fist.
24. Execute a pressing block with an X‐fist while forming a left walking stance
toward C, slipping the left foot to C.
25. Move the right foot to C in a sliding motion forming a right L‐stance
toward D while thrusting to C with the right side elbow.
26. Bring the left foot to the right foot, turning counter clockwise to form a
close stance toward B while executing a side front block with the right inner
forearm while extending the left forearm to the side downward.
27. Execute a side front block with the left inner forearm, extending the right
forearm to the side downward while maintaining a close stance toward B.
28. Move the left foot to B forming a right L‐stance toward B at the same
time executing a middle guarding block to B with a knife‐hand.
29. Bring the left foot to the right foot and then move the right foot to A
forming a left L‐stance toward A while executing a middle guarding block to
A with a knife‐hand.
END: Bring the right foot back to a ready posture.
Choong‐Moo
Ready Posture – Parallel Ready Stance
1. Move the left foot to B forming a right L‐stance toward B while executing a
twin knife‐hand block.
2. Move the right foot to B forming a right walking stance toward B while
executing a high front strike to B with the right knife‐hand and bring the left
back hand in front of the forehead.
3. Move the right foot to A turning clockwise to form a left L‐stance toward A
while executing a middle guarding block to A with a knife‐hand.
4. Move the left foot to A forming a left walking stance toward A while
executing a high thrust to A with the left flat finger tip.
5. Move the left foot to D forming a right L‐stance toward D while executing
a middle guarding block to D with a knife‐hand.
6. Turn the face to C forming a left bending ready stance A toward C.
7. Execute a middle side piercing kick to C with the right foot.
8. Lower the right foot to C forming a right L‐stance toward D while
executing a middle guarding block to D with a knife‐hand.
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
9. Execute a flying side piercing kick to D with the right foot soon after
moving it to D and then land to D forming a left L‐stance toward D while
executing a middle guarding block to D with a knife‐hand.
10. Move the left foot to E turning counter clockwise to form a right L‐stance
toward E at the same time executing a low block to E with the left forearm.
11. Extend both hands upward as if to grab the opponent's head while
forming a left walking stance toward E, slipping the left foot.
12. Execute an upward kick to E with the right knee pulling both hands
downward.
13. Lower the right foot to the left foot and then move the left foot to F
forming a left walking stance toward F while executing a high front strike to F
with the right reverse knife‐hand, bringing the left back hand under the right
elbow joint.
14. Execute a high turning kick to DF with the right foot and then lower it to
the left foot.
15. Execute a middle back piercing kick to F with the left foot. Perform 14
and 15 in a fast motion.
16. Lower the left foot to F forming a left L‐stance toward E while executing a
middle guarding block to E with the forearm.
17. Execute a middle turning kick to DE with the left foot.
18. Lower the left foot to the right foot and then move the right foot to C
forming a right fixed stance toward C while executing a U‐shape block
toward C.
19. Jump and spin around counter clockwise, landing on the same spot to
form a left L‐stance toward C while executing a middle guarding block to C
with a knife‐hand.
20. Move the left foot to C forming a left walking stance toward C at the
same time executing a low thrust to C with the right upset fingertip.
21. Execute a side back strike to D with the right back fist and a low block to
C with the left forearm while forming a right L‐stance toward C, pulling the
left foot.
22. Move the right foot to C forming a right walking stance toward C while
executing a middle thrust to C with the right straight finger tip.
23. Move the left foot to B turning counter clockwise to form a left walking
stance toward B while executing a high block to B with the left double
forearm.
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
24. Move the right foot to B forming a sitting stance toward C while
executing a middle front block to C with the right forearm and then a high
side strike to B with the right back fist.
25. Execute a middle side piercing kick to A with the right foot turning
counter clockwise and then lower it to A.
26. Execute a middle side piercing kick to A with the left foot turning
clockwise.
27. Lower the left foot to A and then execute a checking block to B with an X‐
knife‐hand while forming a left L‐stance toward B pivoting with the left foot.
28. Move the left foot to B forming a left walking stance toward B while
executing an upward block to B with a twin palm.
29. Move the left foot on line AB and then execute a rising block with the
right forearm while forming a right walking stance toward A.
30. Execute a middle punch to A with the left fist while maintaining a right
walking stance toward A.
END: Bring the left foot back to a ready posture.
Kwang‐Gae
Ready Posture – Parallel Stance with a Heaven Hand
1. Bring the left foot to the right foot, forming a close ready stance B toward
D, bringing both hands in a circular motion.
2. Move the left foot to D, forming a left walking stance toward D while
executing an upset punch to D with the right fist. Perform in slow motion.
3. Move the right foot to D, forming a right walking stance toward D while
executing an upset punch to D with the left fist. Perform in slow motion.
4. Move the left foot to the side front of the right foot, and then move the
right foot to D, forming a right walking stance toward D, at the same time
executing a high hooking block to D with the right palm. Perform in a double
stepping motion.
5. Move the right foot to C in a sliding motion to form a right L‐stance toward
D, at the same time executing a low guarding block to D with a knife‐hand.
6. Move the right foot to the side of the left foot and then move the left foot
to D, forming a left walking stance toward D while executing a high hooking
block to D with the left palm. Perform in a double stepping motion.
7. Move the left foot to C in a sliding motion forming a left L‐stance toward D
while executing a low guarding block to D with a knife‐hand.
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
8. Move the left foot to D, forming a right rear foot stance toward D while
executing a high guarding block to D with a knife‐hand.
9. Move the right foot to D, forming a left rear foot stance toward D while
executing a high guarding block to D with a knife‐hand.
10. Move the left foot to the side front of the right foot and then turn
counter‐clockwise, pivoting with the left foot, to form a left walking stance
toward C while executing an upward block to C with the right palm. Perform
in a slow motion.
11. Move the right foot to C, forming a right walking stance toward C while
executing an upward block to C with the left palm. Perform in a slow motion.
12. Execute a low front block with the right knife‐hand in a circular motion,
hitting the left palm while bringing the left foot to the right foot to form a
close stance toward C.
13. Execute a pressing kick to E with the left foot, keeping the position of the
hands as they were in 12.
14. Execute a middle side piercing kick to E with the left foot, keeping the
position of the hands as they were in 13. Perform 13 and 14 in a consecutive
kick.
15. Lower the left foot to E, forming a right L‐stance toward E while
executing a high inward strike to E with the right knife‐hand and bringing the
left side fist in front of the right shoulder.
16. Execute a downward strike to E with the left side fist while forming a
close stance toward C, pulling the left foot to the right foot.
17. Execute a pressing kick to F with the right foot, keeping the position of
the hands as they were in 16.
18. Execute a middle side piercing kick to F with the right foot, keeping the
position of the hands as they were in 17. Perform 17 and 18 in a consecutive
kick.
19. Lower the right foot to F, forming a left L‐stance toward F while
executing a high inward strike to F with the knife‐hand and bringing the right
side fist in front of the left shoulder.
20. Execute a downward strike to F with the right side fist while forming a
close stance toward C, pulling the right foot to the left foot.
21. Move the left foot to C, forming a left low stance toward C while
executing a pressing block with the right palm. Perform in slow motion.
22. Move the right foot to C, forming a right low stance toward C while
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
executing a pressing block with the left palm. Perform in a slow motion.
23. Move the right foot to D in a stamping motion to form a sitting stance
toward F while executing a high side strike to D with the right back fist.
24. Execute a middle block to D with the right double forearm while forming
a right walking stance toward D, pivoting with the left foot.
25. Execute a low block to D with the left forearm while shifting to C,
maintaining a right walking stance toward D, keeping the position of the right
hand as it was in 24.
26. Execute a high thrust to D with the right flat fingertip while forming a
right low stance toward D, slipping the right foot to D. Perform in slow
motion.
27. Move the left foot on line CD in a stamping motion to form a sitting
stance toward F while executing a high side strike to C with the left back fist.
28. Execute a middle block to C with the left double forearm while forming a
left walking stance toward C, pivoting with the left foot.
29. Execute a low reverse block to C with the right forearm while shifting to
D, maintaining a left walking stance toward C, keeping the position of the left
hand as it was in 28.
30. Execute a high thrust to C with the left flat fingertip while forming a left
low stance toward C, slipping the left foot to C.
31. Move the right foot to C in a stamping motion, forming a right walking
stance toward C while executing a high vertical punch to C with a twin fist.
32. Move the left foot to A in a stamping motion, forming a left walking
stance toward A while executing an upset punch to A with a twin fist.
33. Execute a middle front snap kick to A with the right foot, keeping the
position of the hands as they were in 32.
34. Lower the right foot, and then move the left foot to A to form a left L‐
stance toward B while executing a middle guarding block to B with a knife‐
hand.
35. Move the left foot to B, forming a left walking stance toward B while
executing a high punch to B with the left fist.
36. Move the right foot to B in stamping motion, forming a right walking
stance toward B while executing an upset punch to B with a twin fist.
37. Execute a middle front snap kick to B with the left foot, keeping the
position of the hands as they were in 36.
38. Lower the left foot to the right foot, and then move the right foot to B to
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
form a right L‐stance toward A at the same time executing a middle guarding
block to A with a knife‐hand.
39. Move the right foot to A, forming a right walking stance toward A while
executing a high punch to A with the right fist.
END: Bring the left foot back to a ready posture.
Po‐Eun
Ready Posture – Parallel Stance with a Heaven Hand
1. Move the left foot to B, forming a right L‐stance toward B while executing
a middle guarding block to B with the forearm.
2. Pull the right foot to the left knee joint to form a left one‐leg stance
toward D, at the same time lifting both fists while turning the face toward A.
3. Execute a pressing kick to A with the right foot keeping the position of the
hands as they were in 2.
4. Lower the right foot to A to form a sitting stance toward D while executing
a middle side strike to A with the right knife‐hand.
5. Execute an angle punch with the left fist while maintaining a sitting stance
toward D.
6. Execute a pressing block with the left forefist while executing a side front
block with the right inner forearm, maintaining a sitting stance toward D.
7. Execute a pressing block with the right forefist and a side front block with
the left inner forearm while maintaining a sitting stance toward D.
8. Execute a middle wedging block with the inner forearm while maintaining
a sitting stance toward D.
9. Thrust to C with the right back elbow supporting the right forefist with the
left palm keeping the face as it was in 8 while maintaining a sitting stance
towards D.
10. Execute a middle punch to D with the right fist slipping the left palm up
to the right elbow joint while maintaining a sitting stance toward D.
11. Thrust to C with the left back elbow supporting the left forefist with right
palm, keeping the face as it was in 10 while maintaining a sitting stance
toward D.
12. Execute a right horizontal punch to A while maintaining a sitting stance
toward D. Perform 6 through 12 in a continuous motion.
13. Cross the left foot over the right foot forming a right X‐stance toward D
while executing a low front block to D with the right outer forearm and
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
bringing the left finger belly on the right under forearm.
14. Move the right foot to A forming a left L‐stance toward A at the same
time executing a U‐shape grasp to A.
15. Bring the left foot to the right foot forming a close stance toward D while
executing a horizontal thrust with a twin elbow, turning the face toward B.
Perform in slow motion.
16. Move the left foot to B to form a sitting stance toward D while executing
a side back strike to C with the right back fist and extending the left arm to
the side downward.
17. Cross the right foot over the left foot forming a left X‐stance toward D
while executing a low front block with the left outer forearm and bringing
the right finger belly to the left side fist.
18. Move the left foot to B to form a sitting stance toward D while executing
a low guarding block to B with a reverse knife‐hand.
19. Execute a forearm middle guarding block to A while forming a left L‐
stance toward A pivoting with left foot.
20. Pull the left foot to the right knee joint to form a right one‐leg stance
toward D, at the same time lifting both fists while turning the face toward B.
21. Execute a pressing kick to B with the left foot keeping the position of the
hands as they were in 20.
22. Lower the left foot to B to form a sitting stance toward D while executing
a middle side strike to B with the left knife‐hand.
23. Execute an angle punch with the right fist while maintaining a sitting
stance toward D.
24. Execute a pressing block with the right, forefist while executing a side
front block with the left inner forearm, maintaining a sitting stance toward D.
25. Execute a pressing block with the left forefist and a side front block with
the right inner forearm while maintaining a sitting stance toward D.
26. Execute a middle wedging block with the inner forearm while
maintaining a sitting stance toward D.
27. Thrust to C with the left back elbow supporting the left forefist with the
right palm keeping the face as it was in 26 while maintaining a sitting stance
towards D.
28. Execute a middle punch to D with the left fist slipping the right palm up
to the left elbow joint while maintaining a sitting stance toward D.
29. Thrust to C with the right back elbow supporting the right forefist with
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
left palm, keeping the face as it was in 28 while maintaining a sitting stance
toward D.
30. Execute a left horizontal punch to B while maintaining a sitting stance
toward D. Perform 24 through 30 in a continuous motion.
31. Cross the right foot over the left foot forming a left X‐stance toward D
while executing a low front block to D with the left outer forearm and
bringing the right finger belly on the left under forearm.
32. Move the left foot to B forming a right L‐stance toward B at the same
time executing a U‐shape grasp to B.
33. Bring the right foot to the left foot forming a close stance toward D while
executing a horizontal thrust with a twin elbow, turning the face toward A.
Perform in slow motion.
34. Move the right foot to A to form a sitting stance toward D while
executing a side back strike to C with the left back fist and extending the
right arm to the side downward.
35. Cross the left foot over the right foot forming a right X‐stance toward D
while executing a low front block with the right outer forearm and bringing
the left finger belly to the right side fist.
36. Move the right foot to A to form a sitting stance toward D while
executing a low guarding block to A with a reverse knife‐hand.
END: Bring the left foot back to a ready posture.
Ge‐Baek
Ready Posture – Parallel Ready Stance
1. Move the right foot to C forming a right L‐stance toward D while executing
a checking block D with an X‐knife‐hand.
2. Execute a low twisting kick to D with the right foot keeping the position of
the hands as they were in 1.
3. Lower the right foot to D forming a right walking stance toward D while
executing a middle punch to D with the right fist.
4. Execute a middle punch to D with the left fist while maintaining a right
walking stance toward D. Perform 3 and 4 in a fast motion.
5. Move the right foot to C forming a left walking stance toward D while
executing a rising block with the left forearm.
6. Execute a low block to D with the left forearm while maintaining a left
walking stance toward D. Perform 5 and 6 in a continuous motion.
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
7. Execute a high block to AD with a double arc hand while looking through it
maintaining a left walking stance toward D.
8. Turn the face toward D while forming a right bending ready stance A
toward D.
9. Lower the left foot to AD to form a sitting stance toward AC while
executing a scooping block to AC with the left palm.
10. Execute a middle punch to AC with the right fist while maintaining a
sitting stance toward AC. Perform 9 and 10 in a connecting motion.
11. Execute a front strike to AC with the left back fist while maintaining a
sitting stance toward AC.
12. Move the right foot on line AB and then move the left foot to C forming a
right L‐stance toward C while executing a middle guarding block to C with a
knife‐hand.
13. Execute a low side front snap kick to C with the left foot keeping the
position of the hands as they were in 12.
14. Lower the left foot to C forming a left low stance toward C while
executing a high thrust to C with the left flat finger tip.
15. Execute a high thrust to C with the right flat finger tip while maintaining a
left low stance toward C.
16. Execute a middle side piercing kick to C with the right foot while pulling
both hands in the opposite direction.
17. Lower the right foot to C forming a right L‐stance toward D while
executing a middle guarding block to D with the forearm.
18. Move the right foot to D turning counter clockwise to form a right L‐
stance toward C while executing a middle guarding block to C with the
forearm.
19. Move the left foot to D turning counter clockwise to form a right L‐stance
toward D while executing a middle guarding block to D with a knife‐hand.
20. Move the left foot on line CD to form a sitting stance toward A while
executing a right 9‐shape block.
21. Move the right foot to D, turning counter‐clockwise to form a left walking
stance toward C while executing a low block to C with the left knife‐hand.
22. Execute a middle turning kick to BC with the right foot and then lower it
to C.
23. Execute a flying side piercing kick to C with the right foot. Perform 22 and
23 in a fast motion.
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
24. Land to C to form a right walking stance toward C while executing a high
vertical punch to C with a twin fist.
25. Execute a high block to AC with a double arc‐hand while looking through
it maintaining a right walking stance toward C.
26. Execute an upset punch to C with the left fist while maintaining a right
walking stance toward C.
27. Move the right foot on line CD, forming a left walking stance toward D
while striking the left palm with the right front elbow.
28. Jump to D, forming a right x‐stance toward BD while executing a high
block to D with the right double forearm.
29. Move the left foot to BC to form a sitting stance toward BD, at the same
time executing a scooping block to BD with the right palm.
30. Execute a middle punch to BD with the left fist while maintaining a sitting
stance toward BD. Perform 29 and 30 in a connecting motion.
31. Execute a front strike to BD with the right back fist while maintaining a
sitting stance toward BD.
32. Move the left foot to C, forming a left walking stance toward C, at the
same time executing a high front strike to C with the right reverse knife‐
hand.
33. Move the left foot to A about half a shoulder width while executing a
middle turning kick to C with the right foot.
34. Lower the right foot to C, and then turn counter‐clockwise to form a left
walking stance toward D, pivoting with the right foot while executing a high
vertical punch to D with a twin fist.
35. Execute a middle punch to D with the right middle knuckle fist, bringing
the left side first in front of the right shoulder while forming a right L‐stance
toward D pulling the left foot.
36. Move the right foot to D to form a sitting stance toward B, at the same
time executing left 9‐shape block.
37. Execute a low guarding block to C with a reverse knife‐hand while
maintaining a sitting stance toward B.
38. Execute a low guarding block to D with a knife‐hand while maintaining a
sitting stance toward B. Perform 37 and 38 in a continuous motion.
39. Move the left foot to D in a stamping motion to form a sitting stance
toward A while executing a W‐shape block with the outer forearm.
40. Move the left foot to C in a stamping motion to form a sitting stance
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
toward B while executing a W‐shape block with the outer forearm.
41. Move the right foot to C forming a right walking stance toward C while
executing a rising block with the right forearm.
42. Execute a middle punch to C with the left fist while maintaining a right
walking stance toward C.
43. Move the right foot on line CD forming a left walking stance toward D
while executing a rising block with the left forearm.
44. Execute a middle punch to D with the right fist while maintaining a left
walking stance toward D.
END: Bring the right foot back to a ready posture.
Eui‐Am
Ready Posture – Close Ready Stance D
1. Move the right foot to C forming a left walking stance toward D while
executing a low inward block to D with the right knife‐hand.
2. Move the left foot to C forming a right walking stance toward D while
executing a high side block to D with the left outer forearm.
3. Execute a middle punch to D with the right fist while maintaining a right
walking stance toward D.
4. Execute a low twisting kick to D with the left foot keeping the position of
the hands as they were in 3.
5. Lower the left foot to D forming a left walking stance toward D while
executing a downward block with an x‐fist.
6. Execute a rising block with the right knife‐hand, maintaining a left walking
stance toward D. Perform 5 and 6 in a continuous motion.
7. Jump to D, forming a right x‐stance toward BD while executing a high side
strike to D with the right back fist bringing the left finger belly to the right
side fist.
8. Move the left foot to C forming a right L‐stance toward C while executing a
middle punch to C with the left fist.
9. Execute a middle reverse turning kick to AC with the right foot.
10. Lower the right foot to C in a stamping motion to form a sitting stance
toward A while executing a middle side strike to C with the right knife‐hand.
11. Execute a middle side piercing kick to C with the left foot while turning
clockwise pulling both hands in the opposite direction.
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
12. Lower the left foot to C forming a left walking stance toward C while
executing a high crescent punch with the right fist.
13. Execute a middle turning punch with the left fist while forming a parallel
stance toward C pulling the right foot. Perform in slow motion.
14. Move the left foot to D forming a right walking stance toward C while
executing a low inward block with the left knife‐hand.
15. Move the right foot to D forming a left walking stance toward C at the
same time executing a high side block to C with the right outer forearm.
16. Execute a middle punch to C with the left fist while maintaining a left
walking stance toward C.
17. Execute a low twisting kick to C with the right foot, keeping the position
of the hands as they were in 16.
18. Lower the right foot to C forming a right walking stance toward C while
executing a downward block with an x‐fist.
19. Execute a rising block with the left knife‐hand while maintaining a right
walking stance toward C. Perform 18 and 19 in a continuous motion.
20. Jump to C forming a left x‐stance toward BC while executing a high side
strike to C with the left back fist and bringing the right finger belly to the left
side fist.
21. Move the right foot to D, forming a left L‐stance toward D while
executing a middle punch to D with the right fist.
22. Execute a middle reverse turning kick to AD with the left foot.
23. Lower the left foot to D in a stamping motion to form a sitting stance
toward A at the same time executing a middle side strike to D with a left
knife‐hand.
24. Execute a middle side piercing kick to D with the right foot while turning
counter‐clockwise pulling both hands in the opposite direction.
25. Lower the right foot to D forming a right walking stance toward D while
executing a high crescent punch with the left fist.
26. Execute a middle turning punch with the right fist while forming a parallel
stance toward D pulling the left foot. Perform in slow motion.
27. Move the right foot to D forming a right walking stance toward D at the
same time executing a middle wedging block with a knife‐hand.
28. Execute a circular block to BD with the left reverse knife‐hand while
maintaining a right walking stance toward D.
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
29. Execute a downward block with an alternate palm while forming a left
rear foot stance toward D pulling the right foot.
30. Execute a middle punch to D with the left fist while forming a left L‐
stance toward D slipping the right foot.
31. Execute a low inward block to D with the right reverse knife‐hand while
shifting to C maintaining a left L‐stance toward D.
32. Move the left foot to D forming a left walking stance toward D while
executing a middle wedging block with a knife‐hand.
33. Execute a circular block to AD with the right reverse knife‐hand while
maintaining a left walking stance toward D.
34. Execute a downward block with an alternate palm while forming a right
rear foot stance toward D pulling left foot.
35. Execute a middle punch to D with the right fist while forming a right L‐
stance toward D slipping the left foot.
36. Execute a low inward block to D with the left reverse knife‐hand while
shifting to C maintaining a right L‐stance toward D.
37. Execute a high reverse turning kick to BD with the right foot.
38. Lower the right foot to D forming a left rear foot stance toward D while
executing a middle guarding block to D with the forearm.
39. Execute a high reverse turning kick to AD with the left foot.
40. Lower the left foot to D forming a right rear foot stance toward D while
executing a middle guarding block to D with the forearm.
41. Move the left foot to the side rear of the right foot and then the right
foot to C forming a right L‐stance toward D while executing a low outward
block to D with the left knife‐hand.
42. Execute a middle punch to D with the right fist while forming a left
walking stance toward D slipping the right foot.
43. Move the left foot to C forming a left L‐stance toward D while executing a
low block to D with the right knife‐hand.
44. Execute a middle punch to D with the left fist while forming a right
walking stance toward D slipping the left foot.
45. Execute a high punch to D with the right fist while maintaining a right
walking stance toward D.
END: Bring the right foot back to a ready posture.
Choong‐Jang
Ready Posture – Close Ready Stance A
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
1. Move the right foot to A to form a sitting stance toward D while executing
a side front block with the right inner forearm and extending the left forearm
side‐downward.
2. Execute a side front block with the left inner forearm extending the right
forearm side downward while maintaining a sitting stance toward D.
3. Bring the right foot to the left foot forming a close stance toward D while
executing an angle punch with the left fist. Perform in slow motion.
4. Move the left foot to D to form a left walking stance toward while
executing a high thrust to D with the right double finger.
5. Move the right foot to D to form a right walking stance toward while
executing a high thrust to D with the left double finger.
6. Execute a front strike to D with the right back fist while maintaining a right
walking stance toward D.
7. Move the left foot to D forming a left walking stance toward D while
executing a rising block with the left forearm.
8. Move the right foot to D to form a right walking stance toward D at the
same time executing a middle punch to D with the right fist.
9. Move the right foot to C turning counter clockwise and then slide to C to
form a right L‐stance toward D while executing a middle guarding block to D
with the forearm.
10. Execute a low front snap kick to D with the right foot keeping the position
of the hands as they were in 9.
11. Lower the right foot to D forming a right low stance toward D while
executing a high thrust to D with the right flat finger tip.
12. Execute a high turning kick to D with the right foot, supporting the body
with both hands and the left knee.
13. Lower the right foot to D and then execute a high punch to D with the
right fist while pressing the ground with the left palm.
14. Move the left foot to D turning clockwise to form a left L‐stance toward C
while thrusting to D with the left side elbow.
15. Move the left foot to C turning clockwise to form a left L‐stance toward D
at the same time executing a middle guarding block to D with the forearm.
16. Move the right foot to C forming a right L‐stance toward D while
executing a scooping block with the left palm.
17. Move the left foot to C forming a left L‐stance toward D while executing a
middle outward strike to D with the right knife‐hand.
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
18. Execute a pressing block with an X‐fist while forming a left walking stance
toward C pivoting with the right foot.
19. Execute a low front snap kick to C with the right knee while pulling both
hands in the opposite direction as if grabbing the opponent's leg.
20. Lower the right foot to C forming a right L‐stance toward D while
executing a middle guarding block to D with a knife‐hand.
21. Move the right foot to D in a sliding motion to form a right L‐stance
toward C while thrusting to D with the right side elbow.
22. Execute a middle guarding block to D with a knife‐hand while forming a
left L‐stance toward D pivoting with the left foot.
23. Execute a middle side piercing kick to D with the right foot while pulling
both hands in the opposite direction.
24. Lower the right foot to D and then execute a pressing block with a twin
palm while forming a right rear foot stance toward C, pivoting with the right
foot.
25. Move the right foot to C to form a right walking stance toward C while
executing a high front block to C with the right outer forearm and then a high
side strike to C with the right back fist, maintaining a right walking stance
toward C.
26. Execute a high thrust to D with the left flat finger tip while forming a right
L‐stance toward D pivoting with the right foot.
27. Execute a low front snap kick to D with the right foot while bringing the
right palm on the left back hand.
28. Lower the right foot to D to form a left walking stance toward C pivoting
with the left foot while thrusting to D with the right back elbow, placing the
left side fist on the right fist. Perform in slow motion.
29. Execute a downward strike with the left back hand while forming a right
L‐stance toward C, pivoting with the right foot. Perform in a stamping
motion.
30. Punch the left palm with the right fist while maintaining a right L‐stance
toward C.
31. Move the right foot to C in a stamping motion to form a left L‐stance
toward C while executing a downward strike with the right back hand.
32. Punch the right palm with the left fist while maintaining a left L‐stance
toward C.
33. Execute a middle outward strike to D with the left knife‐hand while
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
forming a right L‐stance toward D, pivoting with the right foot. Perform in a
stamping motion.
34. Execute a high side front strike to D with the right back fist striking the
left palm with the right elbow while forming a left walking stance toward D,
slipping the left foot.
35. Move the right foot to D forming a left L‐stance toward D while executing
a middle outward strike to D with the right knife‐hand. Perform in a
stamping motion.
36. Execute a high side front strike to D with the left back fist striking the
right palm with the left elbow while forming a right walking stance toward D,
slipping the right foot.
37. Execute a low guarding block to C with a reverse knife‐hand while
forming a right L‐stance toward C pivoting with the right foot.
38. Execute a right 9‐shape block while forming a left walking stance toward
C slipping the left foot.
39. Move the right foot to C forming a left L‐stance toward C while executing
a low guarding block to C with a reverse knife‐hand.
40. Execute a left 9‐shape block while forming a right walking stance toward
C slipping the right foot.
41. Move the right foot to D forming a left walking stance toward C while
executing a horizontal strike with a twin knife‐hand.
42. Execute a high strike to C with the right arc‐hand while maintaining a left
walking stance toward C.
43. Execute a middle front snap kick to C with the right foot keeping the
position of the hands as they were in 42.
44. Lower the right foot to C forming a right walking stance toward C while
executing a high strike to C with the left arc‐hand.
45. Execute a middle front snap kick to C with the left foot keeping the
position of the hands as they were in 44.
46. Lower the left foot to C forming a left walking stance toward C while
executing a middle punch to C with the right fist.
47. Execute a middle punch to C with the left fist while maintaining a left
walking stance toward c. Perform 46 and 47 in a fast motion.
48. Bring the right foot to the left foot to form a close stance toward C while
executing a high crescent punch with a twin fore‐knuckle fist.
49. Move the left foot to B turning counter‐clockwise to form a left walking
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
stance toward B while executing a low block to B with the left knife‐hand.
50. Execute a high punch to B with the right open fist while maintaining a left
walking stance toward B.
51. Move the left foot on line AB forming a right walking stance toward A
while executing a low block to A with the right Knife‐hand.
52. Execute a high punch to A with the left open fist while maintaining a right
walking stance toward A.
END: Bring the left foot back to a ready posture.
Juche
Ready Posture – Parallel Stance with a Twin Side Elbow
1. Move the left foot to B forming a sitting stance toward D while executing a
parallel block with the inner forearm.
2. Execute a middle hooking block to D with the right palm while standing up
toward D.
3. Execute a middle punch to D with the left fist while forming a sitting
stance toward D.
4. Pull the right reverse footsword to the left knee joint forming a left one‐
leg stance toward D while executing a parallel block with the outer forearm.
5. Execute a middle side piercing kick to A and then a high reverse hooking
kick to B consecutively with the right foot keeping the position of the hands
as they were in 4. Perform in slow motion.
6. Lower the right foot to B in a jumping motion to form a right X‐stance
toward F while executing a downward strike to B with the right back fist.
7. Execute a middle hooking kick and then a high side piercing kick to F
consecutively with the left foot while pulling both fists in front of the chest.
8. Lower the left foot to F in a stamping motion to form a sitting stance
toward B while executing a high outward cross‐cut to F with the left flat
finger tip.
9. Execute a right high elbow strike to BF pressing the right side fist with the
left palm while forming a left walking stance toward BF.
10. Cross the left foot over the right foot to form a right X‐stance toward B
while executing a low front block to B with the left reverse knife‐hand,
bringing the right finger belly on the left back forearm.
11. Move the right foot to A forming a left L‐stance toward A while executing
a middle guarding block to A with a knife‐hand.
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
12. Execute a mid‐air strike to A with a left knife‐hand while spinning counter
clockwise and then land to A forming a right L‐stance toward A with the left
arm extended.
13. Move the right foot to A to form a sitting stance toward D while
executing a parallel block with the inner forearm.
14. Execute a middle hooking block to D with the left palm while standing up
toward D.
15. Execute a middle punch to D with the right fist while forming a sitting
stance toward D.
16. Pull the left reverse footsword to the right knee joint forming a right one‐
leg stance toward D while executing a parallel block with the outer forearm.
17. Execute a middle side piercing kick to B and then a high reverse hooking
kick to A consecutively with the left foot keeping the position of the hands as
they were in 16. Perform in slow motion.
18. Lower the left foot to A in a jumping motion to form a left X‐stance
toward E while executing a downward strike to A with the left back fist.
19. Execute a middle hooking kick and then a high side piercing kick to E
consecutively with the right foot while pulling both fists in front of the chest.
20. Lower the right foot to E in a stamping motion to form a sitting stance
toward A while executing a high outward cross‐cut to E with the right flat
finger tip.
21. Execute a left high elbow strike to AE pressing the left side fist with the
right palm while forming a right walking stance toward AE.
22. Cross the right foot over the left foot to form a left X‐stance toward A
while executing a low front block to A with the right reverse knife‐hand,
bringing the left finger belly on the right back forearm.
23. Move the left foot to B forming a right L‐stance toward B while executing
a middle guarding block to B with a knife‐hand.
24. Execute a mid‐air strike to B with a right knife‐hand while spinning
clockwise and then land to B forming a left L‐stance toward B with the right
arm extended.
25. Execute a pick‐shape kick to B with the left foot and then lower it to B
forming a right rear foot stance toward B while executing a middle guarding
block with the forearm.
26. Bring the right foot to the left foot forming a close stance with a heaven
hand toward D. Perform in slow motion.
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
27. Slide to C to form a left rear foot stance toward D while executing a
downward thrust with the right straight elbow.
28. Execute a high crescent strike with the left arc‐hand while forming a right
walking stance toward D, slipping the right foot.
29. Slide to C to form a right rear foot stance toward D while executing a
downward thrust with the left straight elbow.
30. Execute a high crescent strike with the right arc‐hand while forming a left
walking stance toward D, slipping the left foot.
31. Move the left foot to C forming a right walking stance toward D while
executing a high inward strike to D with a twin knife‐hand.
32. Move the right foot to C forming a left walking stance toward D while
executing a downward punch with the right fist.
33. Move the left foot to the side rear of the right foot and then slide to C
forming a right L‐stance toward D while executing a downward block with
the left outer forearm.
34. Execute a dodging reverse turning kick to D with the right foot while
flying away from D and then land to C to form a left L‐stance toward D at the
same time executing a middle guarding block to D with the forearm.
35. Move the right foot to the side rear of the left foot and then slide to C
forming a left L‐stance toward D while executing a downward block with the
right outer forearm.
36. Execute a dodging reverse turning kick to D with the left foot while flying
away from D and then land to C to form a right L‐stance toward D at the
same time executing a middle guarding block to D with the forearm.
37. Move the right foot to D and then the left foot to D then execute a flying
two direction kick (twisting kick with the left foot, side piercing kick with the
right foot) while flying to D.
38. Land to D to form a left diagonal stance toward D while executing a rising
block with a twin palm.
39. Slide to D forming a right rear foot stance toward C while executing a side
thrust to D with the right elbow.
40. Turn the face to D while forming a right bending ready stance B toward C
and then execute a middle back piercing kick to D with the left foot. Perform
in slow motion.
41. Lower the left foot to D in a stamping motion forming a right L‐stance
toward D at the same time executing a horizontal strike to D with the left
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
back fist.
42. Execute a high inward cross‐cut to D with the right flat finger tip while
forming a parallel stance toward D, pulling the right foot.
43. Execute a front punch and an upset punch to D consecutively with the
right fist while flying to D and then land to D forming a close stance toward D
with the right fist extended.
44. Move the right foot to D forming a right walking stance toward D while
executing a front downward strike with the left knife‐hand.
45. Move the left foot to D forming a left walking stance toward D while
executing a middle punch to D with the right fist.
END: Bring the right foot back to a ready posture.
Ko‐Dang
Note: Ko‐Dang was one of the original 24 patterns created by General
Choi. In the early 1980s, however, Ko‐Dang was removed from the official
syllabus by General Choi and replaced by a new pattern which he named
Juche. Ko‐Dang was a famous South Korean anti‐communist, and when Choi
began to spread his art throughout the world, and to North Korea in
particular, he removed this pattern so as not to offend anyone.
Ko‐Dang is now commonly referred to as the 25th pattern and it is practised
by the students of Taranaki Taekwon‐Do.
Ready Posture – Close Ready Stance C
1. Move the right foot to AC to form a sitting stance toward AD, at the same
time executing a middle pushing block to AD with the left palm.
2. Execute a middle punch to AD with the right fist, maintaining a sitting
stance toward AD.
3. Move the right foot on line CD, forming a right L‐stance toward D while
executing a middle guarding block to D with the forearm.
4. Execute a low block to AD with the right outer forearm and a middle side
block to D with the left inner forearm, maintaining a right L‐stance toward D.
5. Move the left foot to BC forming a sitting stance toward BD, at the same
time executing a middle pushing block to BD with the right palm.
6. Execute a middle punch to BD with the left fist, maintaining a sitting
stance toward BD.
7. Move the left foot on line CD, forming a left L‐stance toward D while
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
executing a middle guarding block to D with the forearm.
8. Execute a low block to BD with the left outer forearm and a middle side
block to D with the right inner forearm, maintaining a left L‐stance toward D.
9. Turn the face toward C forming a left bending ready stance B toward D.
10. Execute a middle back piercing kick to C with the right foot.
11. Lower the right foot to C, forming a right L‐stance toward D while
executing a middle block to D with the left knife hand.
12. Turn the face toward C forming a right bending ready stance B toward D.
13. Execute a middle back piercing kick to C with the left foot.
14. Lower the left foot to C, forming a left L‐stance toward D while executing
a middle block to D with the right knife hand.
15. Move the right foot to C, forming a right L‐stance toward D while
executing a downward thrust to D with the left straight elbow.
16. Move the left foot to C, forming a left L‐stance toward D while executing
a downward thrust to D with the right straight elbow.
17. Move the left foot to D to form a left walking stance toward D while
executing a pressing block to D with the right palm.
18. Move the right foot to D to form a right walking stance toward D while
executing a pressing block to D with the left palm.
19. Move the right foot to C forming a right L‐stance toward D, while
executing a downward block to D with the left outer forearm.
20. Move the right foot to D forming a left L‐stance toward D, while
executing a downward block to D with the right outer forearm.
21. Move the left foot to D, forming a right rear foot stance toward D, at the
same time executing an upward block to D with the left palm.
22. Move the right foot to D, forming a left rear foot stance toward D, at the
same time executing an upward block to D with the right palm.
23. Move the right foot to C, forming a right rear foot stance toward D, and
then execute a middle side front snap kick to D with the left foot, keeping
the position of the hands as they were in 22.
Perform 24 and 25 in a continuous motion:
24. Lower the left foot to D, forming a left walking stance toward D while
executing a high inward strike to D with a twin knife‐hand.
25. Execute a rising block with the left knife hand, maintaining a left walking
stance toward D.
26. Execute a low guarding block to D with a knife hand, while forming a right
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
L‐stance toward D, pulling the left foot.
27. Execute a downward punch to D with the right fist while forming a left
walking stance toward D, slipping the left foot.
28. Move the left foot to the side rear of the right foot and then slide to C,
forming a right L‐stance toward D while executing a middle guarding block to
D with a knife hand.
29. Jump and land on the same spot, forming a right L‐stance toward D while
executing a middle guarding block to D with a knife hand.
30. Jump to D to form a right X‐stance toward BD, while executing a high side
strike to D with the right back fist.
31. Move the left foot to C, forming a left walking stance toward C, at the
same time executing a high side block to C with the left outer forearm.
32. Move the left foot on line CD, forming a right walking stance toward D
while executing a high side block to D with the right outer forearm.
33. Move the left foot to D, forming a right L‐stance toward D, at the same
time executing an upset punch to D with the right fist and bringing the left
side fist in front of the right shoulder.
34. Execute a middle hooking kick to A with the right foot.
35. Lower the right foot to A, forming a left L‐stance toward A while
executing a high cross cut to A with the right flat finger tip.
36. Bring the right foot to the left foot and then execute a middle hooking
kick to B with the left foot.
37. Lower the left foot to B, forming a right L‐stance toward B, at the same
time executing a high cross cut to B with the left flat finger tip.
38. Bring the left foot to the right foot, and then move the right foot to A
forming a left L‐stance toward A, at the same time executing a high guarding
block to A with a knife hand.
39. Bring the right foot to the left foot, and then move the left foot to B
forming a right L‐stance toward B, at the same time executing a high
guarding block to B with a knife hand.
END: Move the left foot to a ready stance C facing D.
Sam‐Il
Ready Posture – Close Ready Stance C
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
1. Slide to D forming a right L‐stance toward D while executing a middle
guarding block to D with the forearm.
2. Move the right foot to D forming a right walking stance toward D while
executing a high block to D with the right double forearm.
3. Move the left foot to D forming a left walking stance toward D while
executing a high side block to D with the right knife‐hand and bringing the
left palm on the right back forearm.
4. Execute a middle twisting kick to A with the right foot keeping the position
of the hands as they were in 3.
5. Lower the right foot to D forming a right walking stance toward D while
executing a middle punch to D with the right fist.
6. Move the right foot on line CD to form a sitting stance toward B while
executing a middle wedging block with a reverse knife‐hand.
7. Execute a low thrust to C with a right upset finger tip while forming a left
walking stance toward C, pivoting with the right foot.
8. Execute a high outward block to D with the right outer forearm and a low
block to C with the left forearm while forming a right L‐stance toward C
pulling the left foot.
9. Move the right foot to C to form a sitting stance toward A while executing
a middle wedging block with a reverse knife‐hand.
10. Execute a low punch to C with the right double fist while forming a left L‐
stance toward C, pulling the right foot.
11. Move the left foot to C forming a left walking stance toward C while
executing a high block to BC with a double arc‐hand and looking through it.
12. Move the right foot to C forming a right walking stance toward C while
executing a middle punch to C with the left fist.
13. Move the right foot on line CD to form a right L‐stance toward D while
executing a low punch to D with the left double fist.
14. Move the left foot to B forming a right L‐stance toward B while executing
a high guarding block to B with a reverse knife‐hand.
15. Execute a U‐shape block to B while forming a left fixed stance toward B,
slipping the left foot.
16. Execute a sweeping kick to B with the right side sole and lower it to B
forming a right fixed stance toward B while executing a U‐shaped block to B.
17. Jump and spin counter clockwise, landing on the same spot to form a left
L‐stance toward B while executing a middle guarding block to B with a knife‐
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
hand.
18. Execute a middle side piercing kick to B with the right foot while forming
a knife‐hand guarding block.
19. Lower the right foot to the left foot and then move the left foot to A
forming a left walking stance toward A while striking the left palm with the
right front elbow.
20. Move the right foot to A turning counter clockwise to form a left diagonal
stance toward D at the same time thrusting to C with the left back elbow
supporting the left forefist with the right palm and turning the face to C.
21. Execute a pressing block with an X‐fist while forming a right walking
stance toward AD.
22. Move the left foot to A in a stamping motion to form a sitting stance
toward C while executing a W‐shape block with the outer forearm.
23. Execute a middle side piercing kick to A with the left foot while forming a
forearm guarding block.
24. Lower the left foot on line AB and then execute a low guarding block to B
with a knife‐hand while forming a left L‐stance toward B, pivoting the left
foot.
25. Move the left foot to B forming a right rear stance toward B while
executing an upward block with a left palm.
26. Move the right foot to B forming a left rear foot stance toward B while
executing a pressing block with a twin palm.
27. Move the left foot to C in a stamping motion to form a left walking stance
toward C while executing an upset punch to C with a twin fist.
28. Move the right foot to C forming a left L‐stance toward C while executing
a low block to C with the right forearm, pulling the left fist under the left
armpit.
29. Execute a middle punch to C with the left fist while maintaining a left L‐
stance toward C bringing the right fist over the left shoulder.
30. Execute a middle front block with the right forearm while forming a left
walking stance toward D, pivoting with the right foot.
31. Execute a high punch to D with the left fist while maintaining a left
walking stance toward D. Perform 30 and 31 in a continuous motion.
32. Execute a low front snap kick to D with the left foot keeping the position
of the hands as they were in 31.
33. Lower the left foot to D and then move the right foot to D in a stamping
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
motion forming a right walking stance toward D while executing a high
vertical punch to D with a twin fist.
END: Bring the left foot back to a ready posture.
Yoo‐Sin
Ready Posture – Warrior Ready Stance B
1. Move the left foot to B to form a sitting stance toward D while extending
both elbows to the sides horizontally.
2. Execute an angle punch to C with the left fist while sliding to A,
maintaining a sitting stance toward D.
3. Execute an angle punch to C with the right fist while sliding to B,
maintaining a sitting stance toward D. Perform 2 and 3 in a fast motion.
4. Execute a middle hooking block to D with the right palm while standing up
toward D.
5. Execute a middle punch to D with the left fist while forming a sitting
stance toward D.
6. Execute a middle hooking block to D with the left palm while standing up
toward D.
7. Execute a middle punch to D with the right fist while forming a sitting
stance toward D.
8. Move the left foot to BD to form a left walking stance toward BD while
executing a high side block to BD with the left outer forearm.
9. Execute a circular block to D with the right inner forearm while
maintaining a left walking stance toward BD.
10. Execute a scooping block with the left palm while forming a sitting stance
toward AD.
11. Execute a middle punch to AD with the right fist while maintaining a
sitting stance toward AD. Perform 10 and 11 in a connecting motion.
12. Bring the left foot to the right foot, and then move the right foot to AD to
form a right walking stance toward AD while executing a high side block to
AD with the right outer forearm.
13. Execute a circular block to D with the left inner forearm while
maintaining a right walking stance toward AD.
14. Execute a scooping block with the right palm while forming a sitting
stance toward BD.
15. Execute a middle punch to BD with the left fist while maintaining a right
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
walking stance toward BD.
Perform 14 and 15 in a connecting motion.
16. Execute a high hooking block to BC with the right palm while forming a
left walking stance toward BC.
17. Execute a middle punch to BD with the left fist while forming a sitting
stance toward BD.
18. Execute a high hooking block to AD with the left palm while forming a
right walking stance toward AD.
19. Execute a middle punch to BD with the right fist while forming sitting
stance toward BD.
Perform 16, 17, 18 and 19 in a continuous motion.
20. Move the right foot to C, forming a left walking stance toward D at the
same time executing a pressing block with an X‐fist.
21. Execute a rising block with an X‐knife‐hand while maintaining a left
walking stance toward D. Perform 20 and 21 in a continuous motion.
22. Execute a middle punch to D with the right fist, slipping the left palm up
to the right elbow joint while maintaining a left walking stance toward D.
23. Execute a low front snap kick to D with the right foot, keeping the
position of the hands as they were in 22.
24. Lower the right foot to D, forming a right walking stance toward D while
executing a middle punch to D with the left fist.
25. Execute a pressing block with an X‐fist while maintaining a right walking
stance toward D.
26. Execute a rising block with an X‐knife‐hand while maintaining a right
walking stance toward D. Perform 25 and 26 in a continuous motion.
27. Execute a middle punch to D with the left fist slipping the right palm up
to the left elbow joint while maintaining a right walking stance toward D.
28. Execute a low front snap kick to D with the left foot, keeping the position
of the hands as they were in 27.
29. Lower the left foot to D to form a left walking stance toward D while
executing a middle punch to D with the right fist.
30. Move the right foot to D, forming a left L‐stance toward D while
executing a middle guarding block to D with a knife‐hand.
31. Move the left foot to D to form a right L‐stance toward D while executing
a middle guarding block to D with a knife‐hand.
32. Move the left foot to C, forming a left L‐stance toward D while executing
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
a middle guarding block to D with a knife‐hand.
33. Move the right foot to C to form a right L‐stance toward D while
executing a middle guarding block to D with a knife‐hand.
34. Move the right foot to D, forming a right walking stance toward D while
executing a high block to D with the right double forearm.
35. Execute a low block to D with the left forearm, keeping the right forearm
as it was in 34 while maintaining a right walking stance toward D.
Perform 34 and 35 in a fast motion.
36. Move the left foot to D to form a left walking stance toward D while
executing a high block to D with the left double forearm.
37. Execute a low block to D with the right forearm, keeping the left forearm
as it was in 36 while maintaining a left walking stance toward D. Perform 36
and 37 in a fast motion.
38. Move the right foot to D, forming a right walking stance toward D while
executing a middle punch to D with the right fist.
39. Move the left foot on line CD, and then turn counter‐clockwise, pivoting
with the left foot to form a right L‐stance toward C while executing a high
block to C with the left reverse knife‐hand.
40. Bring the right foot to the left foot to form a close ready stance C
toward C.
41. Move the right foot to CF in a stamping motion to form a right walking
stance toward CF at the same time executing an upset punch to CF with a
twin fist.
42. Bring the right foot to the left foot, and then move the left foot to CE in a
stamping motion, forming a left walking stance toward CE while executing an
upset punch to CE with a twin fist.
43. Bring the left foot to the right foot, and then move the right foot to F to
form a left L‐stance toward F while executing a middle block to F with the
right inner forearm.
44. Execute a middle punch to F with the left fist while maintaining a left L‐
stance toward F.
45. Bring the left foot to the right foot to form a close stance toward C while
executing an angle punch with the right fist. Perform in a slow motion.
46. Move the left foot to E to form a right L‐stance toward E while executing
a middle block to E with the left inner forearm.
47. Execute a middle punch to E with the right fist while maintaining a right
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
L‐stance toward E.
48. Bring the right foot to the left foot to form a close stance toward C while
executing an angle punch with the left fist. Perform in a slow motion.
49. Move the left foot to E to form a left fixed stance toward E while
executing a U‐shape punch to E.
50. Bring the left foot to the right foot, and then move the right foot to E,
forming a right fixed stance toward E while executing a U‐shape punch to E.
51. Move the right foot on line CD in a stamping motion to form a sitting
stance toward E while executing a front strike to E with the right back fist.
52. Execute a waving kick to D with the right foot, and then a high outward
block to AC with the right outer forearm, keeping the position of the hands
as they were in 51 while forming a sitting stance toward E.
53. Execute a waving kick to C with the left foot, and then a high front block
to ED with the right outer forearm, keeping the position of the hands as they
were in 52 while forming a sitting stance toward E.
54. Execute a horizontal strike to C with the right back hand while
maintaining a sitting stance toward E.
55. Execute a middle crescent kick to the right palm with the left foot.
56. Execute a middle side piercing kick to C with the left foot forming a
forearm guarding block.
Perform 55 and 56 in a consecutive kick.
57. Lower the left foot to C to form a sitting stance toward B while executing
a horizontal strike to C with the left back hand.
58. Execute a middle crescent kick to the left palm with the right foot.
59. Execute a middle side piercing kick to C with the right foot, forming a
forearm guarding block. Perform 58 and 59 in a consecutive kick.
60. Lower the right foot to C, forming a sitting stance toward A while
executing a right 9‐shape block.
61. Change the position of the hands while maintaining a sitting stance
toward A.
62. Move the left foot to C, turning clockwise to form a sitting stance toward
B while executing a right 9‐shape block.
63. Change the position of the hands while maintaining a sitting stance
toward B.
64. Execute a downward strike to D with the right side fist while forming a
left vertical stance toward, pulling the left foot.
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
65. Move the right foot to A to form a left walking stance toward B while
executing a high vertical punch to B with a twin fist.
66. Move the right foot to B, turning counter‐clockwise to form a left walking
stance toward A while executing a high vertical punch to A with a twin fist.
67. Bring the right foot to the left foot, and then move the left foot to BD to
form a right L‐stance toward BD while executing a middle guarding block to
BD with a knife‐hand.
68. Bring the left foot to the right foot, and then move the right foot to AD to
form a left L‐stance toward AD while executing a middle guarding block to
AD with a knife‐hand.
END: Bring the right foot back to a ready posture.
Choi‐Yong
Ready Posture – Close Ready Stance C
1. Move the left foot to D to form a right rear foot stance toward D while
executing a middle guarding block to D with the forearm.
2. Execute a high punch to D with the left middle knuckle fist while
maintaining a right rear foot stance toward D
3. Move the left foot on line CD to form a left rear foot stance toward C while
executing a middle guarding block to C with the forearm.
4. Execute a high punch to C with the right middle knuckle fist while
maintaining a left rear foot stance toward C
5. Move the right foot on line CD to form a left walking stance toward D
while executing a rising block with the left knife‐hand.
6. Execute a circular block to AD with the right inner forearm while
maintaining a left walking stance toward D.
7. Execute a middle punch to D with the left fist while maintaining a left
walking stance toward D.
8. Move the left foot on line CD to form a right walking stance toward C
while executing a rising block with the right knife‐hand.
9. Execute a circular block to AC with the left inner forearm while
maintaining a right walking stance toward C.
10. Execute a middle punch to C with the right fist while maintaining a right
walking stance toward C.
11. Move the right foot on line CD to form a right L‐stance toward D while
executing a low guarding block to D with a knife‐hand.
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
12. Execute a middle turning kick to AD with the right foot and then lower it
to the side front of the left foot.
13. Execute a high reverse hooking kick to D with the left foot.
14. Execute a middle side piercing kick to D with the left foot, pulling both
hands in the opposite direction. Perform 13 and 14 in a consecutive kick.
15. Lower the left foot to D forming a left walking stance toward D while
striking the left palm with the right front elbow.
16. Move the left foot on line CD to form a left L‐stance toward C while
executing a low guarding block to C with a knife‐hand.
17. Execute a middle turning kick to AC with the left foot and then lower it to
the side front of the right foot.
18. Execute a high reverse hooking kick to C with the right foot.
19. Execute a middle side piercing kick to C with the right foot, pulling both
hands in the opposite direction. Perform 18 and 19 in a consecutive kick.
20. Lower the right foot to C forming a right walking stance toward C while
striking the right palm with the left front elbow.
21. Move the left foot to C to form a left walking stance toward C while
executing a pressing block with the right palm.
22. Move the right foot to C forming a right walking stance toward C while
executing a pressing block with the left palm. Perform 21 and 22 in a fast
motion.
23. Move the right foot to D and then the left foot to D, turning counter
clockwise to form a left walking stance toward D while executing a W‐shape
block with a knife‐hand.
24. Execute a middle front snap kick to D with the right foot keeping the
position of the hands as they were in 23.
25. Lower the right foot to C forming a right L‐stance toward D while
executing a middle guarding block to D with the forearm.
26. Move the right foot to D to form a right walking stance toward D while
executing a W‐shape block with a knife‐hand.
27. Execute a middle front snap kick to D with the left foot keeping the
position of the hands as they were in 26.
28. Lower the left foot to D forming a left L‐stance toward C while executing
a middle guarding block to C with the forearm.
29. Move the left foot to C and the right foot to C then slide to C turning
clockwise to form a left L‐stance toward D while executing a middle guarding
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
block to D with the forearm.
30. Move the left foot to D forming a left walking stance toward D while
executing a high thrust to D with the left flat fingertip.
31. Move the left foot on line CD forming a right walking stance toward C
while executing a high thrust to C with the right flat fingertip.
32. Move the right foot to D turning clockwise to form a parallel stance
toward B while executing a middle hooking block to B with the right palm.
33. Execute a middle punch to B with the left fist while maintaining a parallel
stance toward B.
34. Turn the face toward A while forming a left bending ready stance A
toward A.
35. Execute a middle side piercing kick to A with the right foot forming a
forearm guarding block.
36. Lower the right foot to A in a jumping motion to form a right X‐stance
toward AD while executing a high side strike to A with the right back fist and
bringing the left finger belly to the right side fist.
37. Execute a high reverse hooking kick to B with the right foot.
38. Lower the right foot to B in a stamping motion to form a left L‐stance
toward B while executing a middle outward strike to B with the right knife‐
hand.
39. Move the left foot to D turning counter‐clockwise to form a parallel
stance toward A at the same time executing a middle hooking block to A with
the left palm.
40. Execute a middle punch to A with the right fist while maintaining a
parallel stance toward A.
41. Turn the face to B while forming a right bending ready stance A toward B.
42. Execute a middle side piercing kick to B with the left foot forming a
forearm guarding block.
43. Lower the left foot to B in a jumping motion forming a left X‐stance
toward BD while executing a high side strike to B with the left back fist and
bringing the right finger belly to the left side fist.
44. Execute a high reverse hooking kick to A with the left foot.
45. Lower the left foot to A in a stamping motion to form a right L‐stance
toward A while executing a middle outward strike to A with the left knife‐
hand.
46. Slide to A to form a right fixed stance toward A while executing a middle
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
punch to A with the right fist.
END: Bring the right foot back to a ready posture.
Dale Cope
Note: This pattern was created by Mr Brent Flynn, for his thesis when
grading to 3rd Dan with Taranaki Taekwon‐Do.
Ready Posture – Parallel Stance with a Twin Side Elbow
1. Move the left foot to C forming a left L‐stance while executing a low
reverse knife hand block.
2. Jump to D to form a left X‐stance while executing a high inward strike to D
with the left knife‐hand while bringing the right side fist in front of the left
shoulder.
3. Move the right foot back to C forming a left walking stance while
executing a middle front punch with the right fist.
4. Step forward with the right foot toward D forming a right rear foot stance
while forming a right elbow thrust to D.
5. Slip the left foot to C forming a right L‐stance while executing a low knife‐
hand guarding block.
6. Jump to C to form a right X‐stance to C while executing a high inward
strike to C with the right knife‐hand while bringing the left side fist in front of
the right shoulder.
7. Move the left foot back to D forming a right walking stance while
executing a middle front punch with the left fist.
8. Step forward with the left foot towards C forming a left rear foot stance
while executing a left elbow thrust to C.
9. Execute a middle side kick to D (pulling hands back), retract right leg.
10. Jump to D to form a right X‐stance toward BD while executing a low front
punch with the left vertical fist toward D, bringing the right fist onto the left
shoulder.
11. Jump to C to form a left X‐stance toward BC while executing a low front
punch with the right vertical fist toward C, bringing the left fist onto the right
shoulder.
12. Execute a right hooking kick to AC.
13. Place the right foot on the ground toward C in a right L‐stance while
forming a guarding block toward D.
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
14. Pivoting on the left foot anti‐clockwise, placing the right foot on the
ground toward D, forming a knife‐hand guarding block toward C.
15. Execute a middle front snap kick with the left foot toward C.
16. Place the left foot on the ground forming a left fixed stance toward C
while executing a middle side punch to C with the left fist.
17. Execute a midair strike to D with the right knife‐hand, then landing
toward D in a left L‐stance with the right arm extended.
18. Move the right foot forward to form a right fixed stance toward D while
executing a downward knife‐hand strike with the right hand toward D.
19. Jump to execute a flying front kick to D with the right foot.
20. Land to D forming a right walking stance while executing a twin fist
vertical punch to D.
21. Move the right foot on the CD line forming a sitting stance while
executing a right nine‐shape block toward B.
22. Pull the left reverse footsword to the right knee joint forming a right one‐
leg stance toward B while executing a parallel block with the outer forearm.
23. Pivot on the right foot and execute a middle side piercing kick with the
left leg toward D.
24. Place the left foot on the ground toward D and execute a high spinning
reverse turning kick toward D.
25. Retract the right foot and jump toward D to form a right X‐stance while
executing a right knife‐hand strike to D.
26. Pivot on the right foot forming a right rear foot stance toward C on the
CD line while executing a high guarding block toward C.
27. Move the right foot to C with a stamping motion to form a sitting stance
facing A while executing a W‐shape block.
28. Move the left foot to C with a stamping motion to form a sitting stance
facing B while executing a W‐shape block.
29. Pull the right reverse footsword to the left knee joint forming a left one
leg stance toward B while executing a parallel block with the outer forearm.
30. Pivot on the left foot and execute a middle side piercing kick with the
right leg toward C.
31. Place the right foot on the ground towards C and execute a high spinning
reverse turning kick toward C.
32. Retract the left foot and jump to C to form a left X‐stance while executing
a left knife‐hand strike to C.
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
33. Pivot on the left foot to face D while moving the right leg toward C
forming a left walking stance and execute a back elbow strike with the left
elbow to C while placing the finger belly on the left fist. Perform this in slow
motion.
34. Remain in a left walking stance and execute a middle left front punch
toward D while placing right finger belly on top of left elbow.
35. Execute a downward block with an alternate palm while forming a right
rear foot stance toward D pulling the left foot.
36. Execute a right middle front punch to DA while forming a right L‐stance
toward D slipping the left foot.
37. Execute a low inward block to D with the left reverse knife‐hand while
shifting to C maintaining a right L‐stance toward D.
38. Execute a right turning kick toward AD.
39. Place the right foot on the CD line forming a sitting stance facing B and
execute a high reverse right knife‐hand strike to B.
40. Remaining in sitting stance execute a open back hand strike toward D
with the right hand.
41. Execute an inward vertical kick to the right palm with the left reverse
footsword.
42. Place the left foot on the CD line forming a sitting stance facing A and
execute a high reverse left knife‐hand strike to A.
43. Remaining in sitting stance execute an open back hand strike toward D
with the left hand.
44. Execute an inward vertical kick to the left palm with the right reverse
footsword.
45. Execute a middle side piercing kick to D with the right leg. (Perform 44
and 45 in a connecting motion.
46. Place the right foot toward D forming a right walking stance and execute
a left front elbow strike toward D striking the right finger belly.
47. Move the right foot to the CD line and turn forming a left walking stance
toward C and execute a right front elbow strike striking the left finger belly.
48. Execute a downward block with an alternate palm while forming a right
rear foot stance toward C pulling the left foot.
49. Execute a right high punch to CB while forming a right L‐stance toward C.
50. Execute a low inward block toward C with the left reverse knife‐hand
while shifting to D maintaining a right L‐stance.
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
51. Execute a middle right turning kick to BC.
52. Execute a skipping high side piercing kick to C.
53. Move the right leg to C pivoting on the left foot and forming a left
walking stance toward D and execute a right back elbow strike while placing
the left finger belly on the right fist. Perform in slow motion.
54. Extend both hands upward as if to grab the opponents head while
maintaining a left walking stance toward D.
55. Execute an upward kick with the right knee while pulling both hands
downward.
56. Place the right foot down towards D forming a right walking stance while
executing a left downward elbow strike (with a stamping motion).
END: Bring the right foot back to the ready posture.
Yon‐Gae
Ready Posture ‐ Warrior Ready Stance A
1. Slide to C to form a right L‐stance toward D while executing a low guarding
block to D with a reverse knife‐hand. Perform in a circular motion.
2. Execute a high punch to D with the right long fist while forming a left
walking stance toward D pivoting with the left foot. Perform in slow motion.
3. Slide to C forming a left L‐stance toward D while executing a middle
guarding block to D with the forearm.
4. Execute a middle outward strike to D with the right knife‐hand while flying
to D and then land to D forming a left L‐stance toward D with the right knife‐
hand extended to D.
5. Shift to C maintaining a left L‐stance toward D while executing a checking
block to D with an X‐fist.
6. Execute a high outward cross‐cut to D with the right flat finger tip while
forming a right walking stance toward D, slipping the right foot.
7. Execute a downward thrust with the right straight elbow while forming a
left rear foot stance toward D, pulling the right foot.
8. Jump to D forming a left X‐stance toward AD while executing a high side
strike to D with the left back fist.
9. Move the right foot to C to form a left walking stance toward D while
executing a low outward block to D with the right knife‐hand.
10. Move the right foot on line AB to form a parallel stance toward D while
executing a middle hooking block to D with the left palm.
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
11. Execute a middle punch to D with the right fist while maintaining a
parallel stance toward D.
12. Slide to C forming a left L‐stance toward D while executing a low guarding
block to D with a reverse knife‐hand. Perform in a circular motion.
13. Execute a high punch to D with the left long fist while forming a right
walking stance toward D, pivoting with the right foot. Perform in slow
motion.
14. Slide to C forming a right L‐stance toward D while executing a middle
guarding block to D with the forearm.
15. Execute a middle outward strike to D with the left knife‐hand while flying
to D and then land to D forming a right L‐stance toward D with the left knife‐
hand extended to D.
16. Shift to C maintaining a right L‐stance toward D while executing a
checking block to D with an X‐fist.
17. Execute a high outward cross‐cut to D with the left flat finger tip while
forming a left walking stance toward D, slipping the left foot.
18. Execute a downward thrust with the left straight elbow while forming a
right rear foot stance toward D, pulling the left foot.
19. Jump to D forming a right X‐stance toward BD while executing a high side
strike to D with the right back fist.
20. Move the left foot to C to form a right walking stance toward D while
executing a low outward block to D with the left knife‐hand.
21. Move the left foot on line AB to form a parallel stance toward D while
executing a middle hooking block to D with the right palm.
22. Execute a middle punch to D with the left fist while maintaining a parallel
stance toward D.
23. Move the right foot to A to form a sitting stance toward D while
executing a W‐shape block with the reverse knife‐hand.
24. Cross the left foot over the right foot to form a right X‐stance toward D
while executing a horizontal thrust with a twin elbow.
25. Move the right foot to A forming a sitting stance toward D while
executing a checking block to D with a twin straight forearm.
26. Cross the left foot over the right foot to form a right X‐stance toward D
while executing an upward punch with the right fist, pulling the left side fist
in front of the right shoulder.
27. Execute a high reverse hooking kick to B with the right foot.
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
28. Lower the right foot to B and then execute a high side piercing kick to B
with the left foot pulling both hands in front of the chest while turning
clockwise.
29. Lower the left foot to B in a jumping motion to form a left X‐stance
toward BD while executing a downward strike to B with the left backfist.
30. Move the left foot to B to form a sitting stance toward D while executing
a W‐shape block with the reverse knife‐hand.
31. Cross the right foot over the left foot to form a left X‐stance toward D
while executing a horizontal thrust with a twin elbow.
32. Move the left foot to B forming a sitting stance toward D while executing
a checking block to D with a twin straight forearm.
33. Cross the right foot over the left foot to form a left X‐stance toward D
while executing an upward punch with the left fist, pulling the right side fist
in front of the left shoulder.
34. Execute a high reverse hooking kick to A with the left foot.
35. Lower the left foot to A and then execute a high side piercing kick to A
with the right foot pulling both hands in front of the chest while turning
counter clockwise.
36. Lower the right foot to A in a jumping motion to form a right X‐stance
toward AD while executing a downward strike to A with the right backfist.
37. Move the left foot to C forming a left L‐stance toward D while executing a
middle guarding block to D with the forearm.
38. Move the left foot to D turning counter clockwise to form a left rear foot
stance toward C while executing a waist block to C with the right inner
forearm.
39. Move the right foot to C slightly and then the left foot to D in a stamping
motion to form a right L‐stance toward D while executing a high outward
strike to D with the left knife‐hand.
40. Shift to C maintaining a right L‐stance toward D while executing a middle
guarding block to D with the forearm.
41. Move the right foot to D turning clockwise to form a right rear foot
stance toward C while executing a waist block to C with the left inner
forearm.
42. Move the left foot to C slightly and then the right foot to D in a stamping
motion to form a left L‐stance toward D while executing a high outward
strike to D with the right knife‐hand.
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
43. Move the right foot to C turning counter clockwise to form a right L‐
stance toward D while executing a middle guarding block to D with the
forearm.
44. Jump to execute a mid‐air kick to D with the right foot while spinning
clockwise and then land to D to form a left L‐stance toward D while
executing a middle guarding block to D with a knife‐hand.
45. Jump to execute a mid‐air kick to D with the left foot while spinning
counter clockwise and then land to D to form a right L‐stance toward D while
executing a middle guarding block to D with a knife‐hand.
46. Execute a low inward block to D with the right reverse knife‐hand pulling
the left side fist in front of the right shoulder while forming a left walking
stance toward D, slipping the right foot to C.
47. Slide to C to form a left L‐stance toward D while thrusting to C with the
left side elbow.
48. Execute a low inward block to D with the left reverse knife‐hand pulling
the right side fist in front of the left shoulder while forming a right walking
stance toward D, slipping the left foot to C.
49. Slide to C forming a right L‐stance toward D while thrusting to C with the
right side elbow.
END: Bring the right foot back to a ready posture.
Ul‐Ji
Ready Posture ‐ Parallel Stance with an X‐Back Hand
.1. Move the left foot to C forming a right walking stance toward D while
executing a horizontal strike with twin side fists.
2. Move the right foot to C to form a left walking stance toward D while
executing a pressing block with an X‐fist.
3. Execute a rising block with an X‐knife‐hand while maintaining a left
walking stance toward D.
Perform 2 and 3 in a continuous motion.
4. Execute a high front strike to D with the right knife‐hand bringing the left
palm on the right elbow joint while maintaining a left walking stance toward
D.
5. Move the left foot to C to form a sitting stance toward B while executing a
horizontal strike to C with the left back hand.
6. Execute a middle crescent kick to the left palm with the right foot.
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
7. Lower the right foot to C, forming a sitting stance toward A while striking
the left palm with the right front elbow.
8. Thrust to B with the left back elbow placing the right side fist on the left
fist while maintaining a sitting stance toward A.
9. Execute a side back strike to B with the right back fist and extending the
left arm to the side‐downward while maintaining a sitting stance toward A.
10. Bring the left foot to the right foot, forming a close stance toward D, at
the same time thrusting with a twin side elbow.
11. Cross the left foot to the right foot, forming a close stance toward D
while turning the face to A, Keeping the position of the hands as they were in
10. Perform in a fast motion.
12. Execute a middle side piercing kick to A with the right foot keeping the
position of the hands as they were in 11.
13. Lower the right foot to A, and then cross the left foot over the right foot,
forming a right X‐stance toward D while executing a horizontal thrust with a
twin elbow.
14. Move the right foot to A to form the sitting stance toward D while
executing a right horizontal punch to A.
15. Execute a high front strike to D with right knife‐hand, bringing the left
back hand in front of the forehead while standing up toward D.
16. Execute a twin knife‐hand block to B while forming a right L‐stance
toward B, pivoting with the right foot.
17. Jump to execute a mid‐air kick to B with the right foot while spinning
clockwise.
18. Land to B forming a right walking stance toward B while executing a
middle block to B with the right double forearm.
19. Bring the left foot to the right foot to form a closed ready stance B
toward D.
20. Jump to D forming a right X‐stance toward BD while executing a high side
strike to B with the right back fist bringing the left finger belly to the right
side fist.
21. Move the left foot to C to form a right walking stance toward D while
executing a rising block with the left forearm.
22. Execute a middle front snap kick to D with the left foot keeping the
position of the hands as they were in 21.
23. Lower the left foot to D forming a left walking stance toward D while
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
executing a high punch to D with the right fist.
24. Move the right foot to D to form a right walking stance toward D while
executing a middle thrust to D with the right straight fingertip.
25. Move the left foot to D turning counter‐clockwise to form a sitting stance
toward A while executing a high side strike to D with the left back fist.
26. Move the right foot to F turning counter‐clockwise to form a right
walking ready stance toward F.
27. Jump to execute a flying high kick to F with the right foot.
28. Land to F to form a right fixed stance toward F while executing a checking
block to F with an X‐knife hand.
29. Move the left foot to F forming a right L‐stance toward F while executing
a pressing block with an X‐fist.
30. Execute a middle side front snap kick to F with the left foot while
executing a middle wedging block with the inner forearm.
31. Lower the left foot to F forming a left walking stance toward F while
executing a high vertical punch to F with a twin fist.
32. Move the right foot to F to form a right fixed stance toward F while
executing a middle outward block with the right knife hand and a middle
pushing block with the left palm.
33. Slide to F forming a right L‐stance toward F while executing a middle
punch to F with the left fist.
34. Move the left foot to the side rear of the right foot and the right foot to E
to form a right L‐stance toward F and then jump to E maintaining a right L‐
stance towards F while executing a middle guarding block to F with the
forearm.
35. Execute a middle turning kick to DF with the right foot.
36. Lower the right foot to F and then execute a middle back piercing kick to
F with the left foot.
37. Lower the left foot to F to form a right L‐stance toward F while executing
a middle guarding block to F with the forearm.
38. Move the left foot to E forming a left l‐stance toward F while executing
an upward block to F with the right palm.
39. Move the right foot to E forming a right walking stance to E while
executing a circular block to ED with the left inner forearm.
40. Execute a circular block to DE with the right inner forearm while forming
a right walking stance toward DF.
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
41. Move the left foot on line EF to form a sitting stance toward D while
executing a middle punch to D with the left fist.
42. Execute a middle punch to D with the right fist while maintaining a sitting
stance toward D.
END: Bring the left foot back to a ready posture.
Moon‐Moo
Ready Posture ‐ Parallel Ready Stance
1. Turn the face to B while forming a right bending ready A toward B.
Perform in a slow motion.
2. Execute a high side piercing kick to B with the left foot. Perform in a slow
motion.
3. Execute a high side piercing kick to B with the left foot. Perform 2 and 3 in
a double kick.
4. Lower the left foot to B to form a sitting stance toward D while executing a
middle thrust to D with the right flat fingertip.
5. Execute a high reverse hooking kick to B with the right foot. Perform in a
slow motion.
6. Lower the right foot to B in a jumping motion to form a right X‐stance
toward C while executing a middle side strike to B with the right knife‐hand.
7. Move the left foot to A forming a left walking stance toward A while
executing a pressing block to A with the right palm.
8. Move the right foot to A to form a right walking stance toward A at the
same time executing a pressing block with the left palm.
9. Execute a high side block to B with the left knife‐hand and a low side block
to A with the right knife‐hand while forming a right one‐leg stance toward D,
pulling the left reverse footsword to the right knee joint. Perform in slow
motion.
10. Lower the left foot to the right foot and then turn the face to A while
forming a left bending ready stance A toward A. Perform in slow motion.
11. Execute a high side piercing kick to A with the right foot. Perform in a
slow motion.
12. Execute a high side piercing kick to A with the right foot. Perform 11 and
12 in a double kick.
13. Lower the right foot to A to form a sitting stance toward D while
executing a middle thrust to D with the left flat fingertip.
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
14. Execute a high reverse hooking kick to A with the left foot. Perform in a
slow motion.
15. Lower the left foot to A in a jumping motion to form a left X‐stance
toward C while executing a middle side strike to A with the left knife‐hand.
16. Move the right foot to B forming a right walking stance toward B while
executing a pressing block to B with the left palm.
17. Move the left foot to B to form a left walking stance toward B at the
same time executing a pressing block with the right palm.
18. Execute a high side block to A with the right knife‐hand and a low side
block to B with the left knife‐hand while forming a left one‐leg stance toward
D, pulling the right reverse footsword to the left knee joint. Perform in slow
motion.
19. Turn the face to C while forming a left bending ready stance B toward D.
20. Execute a high back piercing kick to C with the right foot. Perform in slow
motion.
21. Lower the right foot to C to form a left walking stance toward D while
executing a middle punch to D with the right fist.
22. Turn the face to C while forming a right bending ready stance B toward D.
23. Execute a high back piercing kick to C with the left foot. Perform in slow
motion.
24. Lower the left foot to C to form a right walking stance toward D while
executing a middle punch to D with the left fist.
25. Slide to C forming a right rear foot stance toward D while executing a
downward block with the left palm.
26. Execute a middle side front snap kick to D with the left foot keeping the
position of the hands as they were in 25.
27. Lower the left foot to D and then move the right foot to C in a stamping
motion to form a sitting stance toward A while executing a middle side strike
to C with the right side fist.
28. Slide to C maintaining a sitting stance toward A while executing a
scooping block with the left palm.
29. Execute a middle punch to A with the right fist while maintaining a sitting
stance toward A. Perform 28 and 29 in a connecting motion.
30. Execute a low side block to D with the left knife‐hand while maintaining a
sitting stance toward A.
31. Move the left foot just beyond the right foot in a quick motion while
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
executing a middle side pushing kick to C with the right foot.
32. Lower the right foot to C and then execute a high reverse turning kick to
C with the left foot.
33. Lower the left foot to C to form a left walking stance toward C while
executing a high side block to C with the left knife‐hand.
34. Slide to D forming a left rear foot stance toward C while executing a
downward block with the right palm.
35. Execute a middle side front snap kick to C with the right foot keeping the
position of the hands as they were in 34.
36. Lower the right foot to C and then move the left foot to D in a stamping
motion to form a sitting stance toward A while executing a middle side strike
to D with the left side fist.
37. Slide to D maintaining a sitting stance toward A while executing a
scooping block with the right palm.
38. Execute a middle punch to A with the left fist while maintaining a sitting
stance toward A. Perform 37 and 38 in a connecting motion.
39. Execute a low side block to C with the right knife‐hand while maintaining
a sitting stance toward A.
40. Move the right foot just beyond the left foot in a quick motion while
executing a middle side pushing kick to D with the left foot.
41. Lower the left foot to D and then execute a high reverse turning kick to D
with the right foot.
42. Lower the right foot to D to form a right walking stance toward D while
executing a high side block to D with the right knife‐hand.
43. Move the left foot to D and then execute a high twisting kick to AD with
the right foot.
44. Lower the right foot to C forming a left walking stance toward D while
executing a side back strike to C with the right back fist and extending the
left fist to D.
45. Execute a front strike to D with the right back fist while shifting to C
maintaining a left walking stance toward D.
46. Move the right foot to D and then execute a high twisting kick to BD with
the left foot.
47. Lower the left foot to C to form a right walking stance toward D while
executing a side back strike to C with the left back fist and extending the
right fist to D.
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
48. Execute a front strike to D with the left back fist while shifting to C
maintaining a right walking stance toward D.
49. Execute a sweeping kick to D with the left side sole keeping the position
of the hands as they were in 48 and then lower it to D forming a right L‐
stance toward D while executing a middle guarding block to D with the
forearm.
50. Execute a side checking kick to D and then again a middle side thrusting
kick to D with the left foot forming a forearm guarding block. Perform in a
consecutive kick.
51. Lower the left foot to D forming a right L‐stance toward D while
executing a middle outward strike to D with the left knife‐hand.
52. Execute a sweeping kick to D with the right side sole and then lower it to
D to form a left L‐stance toward D while executing a middle guarding block to
D with the forearm.
53. Execute a side checking kick to D and then again a middle side thrusting
kick to D with the right foot forming a forearm guarding block. Perform in a
consecutive kick.
54. Lower the right foot to D forming a left L‐stance toward D while
executing a middle outward strike to D with the right knife‐hand.
55. Move the right foot to C and then turn counter clockwise pivoting with
the right foot to form a left walking stance toward C while executing a
middle punch to C with the right fist.
56. Jump to C to form a right X‐stance toward AC while executing a low
punch to C with the left fist and bringing the right fist on the left shoulder.
57. Jump to D forming a left X‐stance toward AD while executing a low punch
to D with the right fist and bringing the left fist on the right shoulder.
58. Jump to execute a mid‐air kick to D with the right foot while spinning
clockwise.
59. Land to D to form a left L‐stance toward D while executing a middle
guarding block to D with a knife‐hand.
60. Move the right foot to the side rear of the left foot and then the left foot
to C to form a right walking stance toward D while executing a rising block
with the left arc‐hand.
61. Execute a high punch to D with the right fist while maintaining a right
walking stance toward D.
END: Bring the right foot back to a ready posture.
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
So‐San
Ready Posture ‐ Close Ready Stance A
1. Slide to C to form a right rear foot stance toward D while executing a
middle guarding block to D with the forearm.
2. Execute a middle vertical punch to D with the right fist while forming a left
walking stance toward D, slipping the left foot.
3. Slide to C to form a left rear foot stance toward D while executing a middle
guarding block to D with the forearm.
4. Execute a middle vertical punch to D with the left fist while forming a right
walking stance toward D, slipping the right foot.
5. Execute a high side block to BC with the right knife‐hand while forming a
left walking stance toward BC.
6. Execute a middle punch to BD with the left fist while forming a sitting
stance toward BD. Perform 5 and 6 in a fast motion.
7. Execute a high side block to BD with the left knife‐hand while forming a
right walking stance toward BD.
8. Execute a middle punch to BD with the right fist while forming a sitting
stance toward BD. Perform 7 and 8 in a fast motion.
9. Move the right foot to C turning clockwise to form a parallel stance toward
A while executing a horizontal strike with a twin knife‐hand.
10. Execute a high side piercing kick to C with the right foot keeping the
position of the hands as they were in 9.
11. Execute a high turning kick to D with the right foot. Perform 10 and 11 in
a continuous kick.
12. Lower the right foot to D in a jumping motion to form a right X‐stance
toward BD while executing a high side strike to D with the right back fist and
bringing the left finger belly to the right side fist.
13. Move the left foot to C forming a parallel stance toward B while
executing a horizontal strike with a twin knife‐hand.
14. Execute a high side piercing kick to C with the left foot keeping the
position of the hands as they were in 13.
15. Execute a high turning kick to D with the left foot. Perform 14 and 15 in a
continuous kick.
16. Lower the left foot to D in a jumping motion to form a left X‐stance
toward AD while executing a high side strike to D with the left back fist and
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
bringing the right finger belly to the left side fist.
17. Move the left foot to A forming a right L‐stance toward A executing a low
punch to A with a left double fist.
18. Bring the right palm on the left forefist and then twist them counter
clockwise until the left back fist faces downward while forming a left walking
stance toward A, slipping the left foot. Perform in a releasing motion.
19. Execute a high punch to A with the right fist while maintaining a left
walking stance toward A.
20. Move the left foot on line AB to form a left L‐stance toward B while
executing a low punch to B with a right double fist.
21. Bring the left palm on the right forefist and then twist them clockwise
until the right back fist faces downward while forming a right walking stance
toward B, slipping the right foot. Perform in a releasing motion.
22. Execute a high punch to B with the left fist while maintaining a right
walking stance toward B.
23. Slide to B to form a right L‐stance toward B while executing an upset
punch to B with the right middle knuckle fist and bringing the left side fist in
front of the right shoulder.
24. Execute a front strike to B with the right back fist while forming a left
walking stance toward B, slipping the right foot.
25. Slide to A, turning clockwise to form a left L‐stance toward A while
executing an upset punch to A with the left middle knuckle fist and bringing
the right side fist in front of the left shoulder.
26. Execute a front strike to A with the left back fist while forming a right
walking stance toward A, slipping the left foot.
27. Move the left foot to D forming a right walking ready stance toward C.
28. Jump to execute a flying front snap kick to C with the right foot.
29. Land to C forming a left L‐stance toward C while executing a middle
guarding block to C with a knife‐hand.
30. Move the right foot to D to form a left walking stance toward C while
executing a high front block with the right forearm.
31. Execute a middle punch to C with the left fist while shifting to C,
maintaining a left walking stance toward C.
32. Turn clockwise, pivoting with the left foot to form a right walking stance
toward D while executing a high front block with the left forearm.
33. Execute a middle punch to D with the right fist while shifting to D,
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
maintaining a right walking stance toward D.
34. Execute a middle block to BC with a double arc‐hand while forming a left
walking stance toward BC and looking through the hands.
35. Execute a high inward strike to BC with the right knife‐hand and bringing
the left side fist in front of the right shoulder while maintaining a left walking
stance toward BC.
36. Execute a circular block to BD with the left inner forearm while forming a
right walking stance toward D.
37. Execute a high punch to D with the right fist while maintaining a right
walking stance toward D.
38. Execute a low front snap kick to D with the left foot keeping the position
of the hands as they were in 37.
39. Lower the left foot to D forming a left walking stance toward D while
executing a middle punch to D with the left fist.
40. Execute a middle punch to D with the right fist while maintaining a left
walking stance toward D. Perform 39 and 40 in a fast motion.
41. Execute a rising block with an X‐knife‐hand while maintaining a left
walking stance toward D.
42. Execute a middle block to AC with a double arc‐hand while forming a
right walking stance toward AC and looking through the hands.
43. Execute a high inward strike to AC with the left knife‐hand and bringing
the right side fist in front of the left shoulder while maintaining a right
walking stance toward AC.
44. Execute a circular block to AD with the right inner forearm while forming
a left walking stance toward D.
45. Execute a high punch to D with the left fist while maintaining a left
walking stance toward D.
46. Execute a low front snap kick to D with the right foot keeping the position
of the hands as they were in 45.
47. Lower the right foot to D forming a right walking stance toward D while
executing a middle punch to D with the right fist.
48. Execute a middle punch to D with the left fist while maintaining a right
walking stance toward D. Perform 47 and 48 in a fast motion.
49. Execute a rising block with an X‐knife‐hand while maintaining a right
walking stance toward D.
50. Move the left foot to D, and then slide to D, turning counter‐clockwise to
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
form a right L‐stance toward C while executing a low guarding block to C with
a knife‐hand.
51. Jump to C, spinning counter‐clockwise to form a right L‐stance toward D
while executing a middle guarding block to D with the forearm.
52. Execute a low block to D with the right knife‐hand and a middle outward
block to D with the left inner forearm while forming a left walking stance
toward D, slipping the left foot.
53. Execute a high punch to D with the right fist while maintaining a left
walking stance toward D. Perform 52 and 53 in a continuous motion.
54. Execute a middle punch to D with the left fist while forming a right L‐
stance toward D, pulling the left foot.
55. Move the right foot to D, and then slide to D, turning clockwise to form a
left L‐stance toward C while executing a low guarding block to C with a knife‐
hand.
56. Jump to C, spinning clockwise to form a left L‐stance toward D while
executing a middle guarding block to D with the forearm.
57. Execute a low block to D with the left knife‐hand and a middle outward
block to D with the right inner forearm while forming a right walking stance
toward D slipping the right foot.
58. Execute a high punch to D with the left fist while maintaining a right
walking stance toward D. Perform 57 and 58 in a continuous motion.
59. Execute a middle punch to D with the right fist while forming a left L‐
stance toward D, pulling the right foot.
60. Move the right foot to the side rear of the left foot, and then slide to C,
forming a left L‐stance toward D at the same time executing a scooping block
with the right palm.
61. Shift to D, maintaining a left L‐stance toward D while executing a middle
punch to D with the left fist.
62. Turn clockwise while forming a left bending ready stance A toward C.
63. Execute a high side piercing kick to C with the right foot, keeping the
position of the hands as they were in 62.
64. Lower the right foot to C, forming a right walking stance toward C while
executing a middle punch to C with the left fist.
65. Move the right foot to D, forming a right L‐stance toward C while
executing a middle guarding block to C with a knife‐hand.
66. Move the left foot to the side rear of the right foot, and then slide to D,
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
forming a right L‐stance toward C while executing a scooping block with the
left palm.
67. Shift to C, maintaining a right L‐stance toward C while executing a middle
punch to C with the right fist.
68. Turn counter‐clockwise while forming a right bending ready stance A
toward C.
69. Execute a high side piercing kick to D with the left foot, keeping the
position of the hands as they were in 68.
70. Lower the left foot to D to form a left walking stance toward D at the
same time executing a middle punch to D with the right fist.
71. Move the left foot to C to form a left L‐stance toward D while executing a
middle guarding block to D with a knife‐hand.
72. Execute a high punch to D with the right fist while forming a right walking
stance toward D, slipping the right foot. Perform 71 and 72 in a continuous
motion.
END: Bring the right foot back to a ready posture.
Se‐Jong
Ready Posture ‐ Close Ready Stance B
1. Move the left foot to B, forming a left walking stance toward B at the same
time executing a low block to B with the left forearm.
2. Bring the left foot to the right foot, and then move the right foot to A to
form a left L‐stance toward A while executing a twin forearm block.
3. Execute a middle side piercing kick to D with the right foot.
4. Lower the right foot to D, and then move the left foot to F to form a left
walking stance toward F while executing a rising block with the left forearm.
5. Bring the left foot to the right foot, and then move the right foot to E to
form a sitting stance toward D while executing a middle strike to E with the
right knife‐hand.
6. Bring the right foot to the left foot, forming a closed ready stance B
toward D.
7. Jump to D to form a left X‐stance toward DG while executing a high side
strike to D with the left back fist, bringing the right finger belly to the left side
fist.
8. Move the right foot to G, forming a right walking stance toward G while
executing a high punch to G with the right fist.
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
9. Move the right foot on line GH to form a left fixed stance toward H while
executing a high guarding block to H with the forearm.
10. Move the right foot to H, forming a right walking stance toward H while
executing a middle thrust to H with the right straight finger tip.
11. Bring the right foot to the left foot, and then move the left foot to G to
form a left walking stance toward G while executing a high side strike to G
with the left back fist.
12. Move the left foot on line GH to form a sitting stance toward C while
executing a scooping block with the left palm.
13. Execute a middle turning kick to C with the left foot.
14. Lower the left foot to C in a jumping motion, forming a left X‐stance
toward CF while executing a high block to C with the left double forearm.
15. Move the right foot to F to form a sitting stance toward C while
extending the right fist horizontally to C. Perform in a slow motion.
16. Execute a front strike to C with the left back fist while maintaining a
sitting stance toward C.
17. Bring the right foot behind the left foot, and then move the left foot to E,
forming a left diagonal stance toward C while executing a pressing block with
a twin palm.
18. Execute a middle block to C with a double arc‐hand while forming a left
walking stance toward CE.
19. Pull the left reverse footsword to the right knee joint to form a right one‐
leg stance toward C at the same time executing a high side block to F with
the right outer forearm and a low side block to E with the left forearm.
20. Lower the left foot to D forming a right walking stance toward C while
executing a pressing block with the right palm. Perform in a slow motion.
21. Pull the left instep to the hollow of the right leg to form a right one‐leg
stance toward C while striking the left palm with the right back forearm.
22. Lower the left foot to C, turning clockwise to form a right fixed stance
toward D while thrusting to C with the left side elbow.
23. Move the right foot to A, forming a left L‐stance toward A while
executing a high guarding block to A with a knife‐hand.
24. Bring the right foot to the left foot, and then move the left foot to B to
form a right L‐stance toward B while executing a middle punch to B with the
right fist.
END: Bring the left foot back to a ready posture.
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Tong‐Il
Ready Posture ‐ Parallel Stance with an Overlapped Back Hand
1. Move the right foot to C to form a left walking stance toward D while
executing a middle punch to D with a twin fist. Perform in slow motion.
2. Move the left foot to C to form a right walking stance toward D while
executing a horizontal strike with a twin knife‐hand. Perform in slow motion.
3. Move the left foot to D, forming a right rear foot stance toward D while
executing a middle inward block to D with the left outer forearm.
4. Execute a low inward block to D with the right palm while forming a left
walking stance toward D, slipping the right foot, and bringing the left side fist
in front of the right shoulder.
5. Move the right foot to D, forming a left L‐stance toward D while executing
a middle punch to D with the right fist.
6. Execute a middle punch to D with the left fist while maintaining a left L‐
stance toward D. Perform 5 and 6 in a fast motion.
7. Move the left foot to Din a stamping motion to form a right L‐stance
toward D while executing a high outward strike to D with the left back hand.
8. Execute an inward vertical kick to the left palm with the right reverse
footsword.
9. Lower the right foot to D in a stamping motion, forming a left L‐stance
toward D while executing a high outward strike to D with the right back
hand.
10. Execute an inward vertical kick to the right palm with the left reverse
footsword.
11. Lower the left foot to D, and then execute a horizontal block with a twin
palm while forming a right L‐stance toward D, slipping the left foot. Perform
in a slow motion.
12. Move the right foot to D, forming a right walking stance toward D while
executing a high side block to D with the right reverse knife‐hand. Perform in
a slow motion.
13. Execute a middle side block to D with the left reverse knife‐hand while
maintaining a right walking stance toward D. Perform in a slow motion.
14. Execute a middle punch to D with the right fist while maintaining a right
walking stance toward D.
15. Execute a middle punch to D with the left fist while maintaining a right
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walking stance toward D.
16. Execute a downward kick to AC with the right foot, keeping the position
of the hands as they were in 15.
17. Lower the right foot to C in a stamping motion, forming a left L‐stance
toward C while executing a downward strike to C with the right back fist.
18. Execute an outward vertical kick to BC with the left foot, keeping the
position of the hands as they were in 17.
19. Lower the left foot to C in a stamping motion to form a right L‐stance
toward C while executing a downward strike to C with the left back fist.
20. Execute a high punch to D with the left fist while forming a right walking
stance toward D, pivoting with the left foot.
21. Execute a high punch to D with the right fist while maintaining a right
walking stance toward D. Perform 20 and 21 in a fast motion.
22. Move the left foot to D, forming a right rear foot stance toward D while
executing an upward block with the left bow wrist.
23. Move the right foot to D to form a left rear foot stance toward D while
executing an upward block with the right bow wrist.
24. Move the left foot to C, forming a left walking stance toward C while
executing a pressing block with the left palm.
25. Move the right foot to C to form a right walking stance toward C while
executing a pressing block with the right palm. Perform 24 and 25 in a slow
motion.
26. Bring the left foot to the right foot to form a closed stance toward C
while bringing both back hands in front of the lower abdomen in a circular
motion, hitting the left palm with the right knife‐hand.
27. Move the left foot to D, forming a left walking stance toward D while
executing a rising block with the left knife‐hand.
28. Execute a high punch to D with the right fist while maintaining a left
walking stance toward D.
29. Slide to D to form a left L‐stance toward D while executing an upset
punch to D with the left fist, bringing the right side fist in front of the left
shoulder.
30. Move the right foot to C, forming a left walking stance toward D while
executing a high thrust with the right angle fingertip.
31. Move the left foot on line CD to form a right walking stance toward C
while executing a rising block with the right knife‐hand.
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32. Execute a high punch to C with the left fist while maintaining a right
walking stance toward C.
33. Slide to C to form a right L‐stance toward C while executing an upset
punch to C with the right fist, bringing the left side fist in front of the right
shoulder.
34. Move the left foot to D, forming a right walking stance toward C while
executing a high thrust with the left angle fingertip.
35. Execute a low guarding block to C with a reverse knife‐hand in a circular
motion while forming a left L‐stance toward C, pivoting with the left foot.
36. Execute a low guarding block to D with a reverse knife‐hand in a circular
motion while forming a right L‐stance toward D, pivoting with the right foot.
37. Execute a low block to D with the right forearm and a middle outward
block to D with the left knife‐hand while forming a left walking stance toward
D, slipping the left foot.
38. Move the right foot to D in a stamping motion to form a right walking
stance toward D at the same time executing a high vertical punch to D with a
twin fist.
39. Pull the right reverse footsword to the left knee joint, forming a left one‐
leg stance toward D while striking the left palm with the right back forearm.
40. Execute a middle back piercing kick to C with the right foot, pulling both
hands in the opposite direction.
41. Lower the right foot to C to form a sitting stance toward A while
executing a W‐shape block with the outer forearm.
42. Slide to C maintaining a sitting stance toward A while executing a W‐
shape block with the outer forearm.
43. Move the right foot to D in a stamping motion, turning counter clockwise
to form a sitting stance toward B while executing a W‐shape block with the
outer forearm.
44. Slide to C, maintaining a sitting stance toward B while executing a W‐
shape block with the outer forearm.
45. Pull the left reverse footsword to the right knee joint, forming a right
one‐leg stance toward C while striking the right palm with the left back
forearm.
46. Execute a high back piercing kick to D with the left foot, pulling both
hands in the opposite direction.
47. Lower the left foot to C in a jumping motion, forming a left X‐stance
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toward C while executing a pressing block with an X‐fist.
48. Move the right foot to D, forming a left walking stance toward C while
executing a front strike with the left under fist.
49. Move the right foot to C to form a right walking stance toward C while
executing a front strike with the right under fist.
50. Execute a middle pushing block to C with the left palm while maintaining
a right walking stance toward C.
51. Execute a circular block to A with the right knife‐hand while forming a left
walking stance toward AD.
52. Move the left foot to C to form a left walking stance toward C while
executing a middle pushing block to C with the right palm.
53. Execute a circular block to B with the left knife‐hand while forming a right
walking stance toward BD.
54. Execute a high side piercing kick to D with the right foot, forming a
forearm guarding block, and then lower it to the left foot to form a closed
stance toward D while executing a twin side back elbow thrust.
55. Move the left foot to D, forming a sitting stance toward A while executing
a middle side punch to D with the left fist.
56. Execute a middle punch to D with the right fist while forming a left
walking stance toward D, pivoting with the left foot.
END: Bring the right foot back to a ready posture.
Hints for getting back to the starting point
All the patterns are designed so that with correct stances, the pattern will
end at exactly the same point as it started. There are some patterns where
this is difficult for many students. Here are some hints that may help.
Do‐San: Movements 13 and 17 should be walking stances at an angle of
approximately 30° from straight ahead. This will enable movements 15 and
19 to have the feet on the same line, and will help with getting back to the
starting spot.
Yul‐Gok: Many find this difficult. The jump in movement 36 must bring you
back to the starting point. Ensure that movements 32 and 34 are good long
walking stances.
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Hwa‐Rang: Ensure that the slide in movement 25 takes you back to the
starting point.
Choong‐Moo: After the 2 side piercing kicks (25 & 26) the pattern says
“lower the foot to A” not “bring feet together.”
Po‐Eun: Every L‐stance takes you back from the line AB, so every X‐stance
must take you back to it. A common mistake in the X‐stance is to cross the
foot over to be almost alongside the standing foot instead of in front.
Ge‐Baek: To finish in the right place, movement 36 must have the left foot
on the starting line. To achieve this, several points should be noted.
Movement 14 is a low stance; movement 28 should not be a long jump;
movement 34 has the foot lowered to C, not straight down; between the
consecutive kicks at 22 and 23, the foot is lowered to C (so while the flying
side piercing kick does not cover any distance, the step before it does).
Eui‐Am: Note the 2 small shifts backwards in 31 and 36.
Choong‐Jang: The main point for this pattern is in movement 24, after the
side piercing kick, the foot is put down to D rather than bringing the feet
together.
Juche: There are 4 movements which should entail a slide back to C. They
are movements 27, 29, 33, and 35. Those slides, and ensuring that the feet
exchange positions in the flying dodging reverse turning kicks in movements
34 and 36, will ensure that you don’t finish the pattern too far forward.
Further explanation of the naming of the patterns
Chon‐Ji
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Literal meaning of Chon‐Ji is "Heaven and Earth," which in the Orient
symbolizes the creation of the world and the beginning of human history.
Chon‐Ji was named after Lake Chon‐Ji, a lake that fills the crater on top of the
extinct volcano Paektu‐San on the border of North Korea and China. It is
2,749 metres above sea level, covers 14.4 square metres and is 384 metres
deep at its deepest point, making it possibly the deepest volcanic lake on
earth. It is said that General Choi, Hong‐Hi named the pattern after the lake
because the water is so clear and calm that you can literally see the Heaven
meeting the Earth.
Chon‐Ji is appropriately named because creation is the starting point of all
things and this pattern establishes a foundation for the remaining patterns.
The pattern consists of two similar parts: one part representing heaven and
the other earth. Stances and techniques in this pattern comprise the basic
movements required for mastery of all 24 patterns.
Dan‐Gun
October 3rd is celebrated in Korea as a national holiday to commemorate the
founding father, Dan‐Gun. The legend of his life is as follows:
When heaven and earth were one and when animals could speak like
humans, the god Hwanin sent his son Hwang‐Ung to the East to build a new
country. Hwang‐Ung settled in what is now called North Korea, at the highest
point on the peninsula. This was in the 25th reign of the Yao Emperor in
China, approximately 2,333 BC.
One day a tiger and a bear appeared in front of Hwang‐Ung and asked that
they be made into human form. After great thought Hwang‐Ung informed
the animals that their wish could be granted, but it would be difficult and
would take much patience. The animals agreed that they would do whatever
it took to become human. Hwang‐Ung gave the tiger and the bear twenty
garlic cloves and some mugworts. They were told to eat these, stay in a cave
and pray earnestly for 100 days.
After twenty days the tiger became hungry and could no longer continue, so
he left the cave in search of food. But when the 100 days were almost at an
end, the bear began to lose its fur and its rear feet began to change, until at
the end of the 100th day the bear had fully transformed into a beautiful
woman. She became known as Ung‐Yo, which means "the girl incarnated
from a bear".
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Hwang‐Ung then married Ung‐Yo, and she gave birth to a son, who they
named Dan‐Gun. This child gave rise to the first Korean Dynasty, called Go‐
Joseon.
Do‐San
Do‐San commemorates the pseudonym of the great patriot and educator
Ahn Chang‐ho (November 9, 1876 ‐ March 10, 1938).
Ahn Chang‐Ho was committed to preserving Korea's educational system
during the Japanese occupation. He was well known for his sincerity and lack
of pretence in dealing with others. A farmer's son, he abandoned traditional
learning in his home town, Pyongyang, and studied for two years at a
missionary school operated by the Salvation Army. He became a Christian
and felt he couldn't hate the Japanese as men. He decided to seek a source
of national strength and cultivate it to regain national independence and
prosperity.
In 1894, at the age of 18, Ahn became a member of the Tongnip Hyophoe
"Independence Association," which promoted independence from Japan and
worked to reform domestic affairs and reduce dependence upon foreign
countries.
In 1899, Ahn established the Cheomjin ("gradual progress") School in
Pyongyang, the first modern and co‐educational private school ever
established by a Korean. The name of the school seemed to reflect his
political philosophy of evolutionary social changes through education.
Ahn, Chang‐Ho was one of the first Koreans to emigrate to the United States.
He arrived in America in September 1902 with his newlywed wife, Lee Hae‐
Ryon, and, as the steamship approached Hawaii, Ahn resolved to stand tall
above the sea of turmoil existing at that time in Korea, and decided to call
himself "Do‐San" (meaning "Island Mountain"). While living in San Francisco,
he organised the San Francisco Social Meeting on September 23, 1903, and
initiated a social reform movement that was desperately needed by the
Korean American society. An accomplished orator and leader at the age of
24, Ahn guided his countrymen to form a respectable community for Koreans
in the United States. He organised a society that became the Kungminhoe
(Korean National Association), which inspired Korean immigrants to hope for
national independence.
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
In 1906, following the Russo‐Japanese war, Ahn learned of the Japanese
"Protectorate Treaty" that had been enforced on Korea, which gave the
Japanese the legal right to occupy the country, and returned home. He
organised an underground independence group in Pyongahn‐do called
Shinmin‐Hoe (New Peoples' Association), an organisation dedicated to
promoting Korean independence through the cultivation of nationalism in
education, business and culture.
In 1908 the Shinmin‐Hoe founded the Tae‐Song ("large achievement") School
in Pyongyang. This school was designed to provide Koreans with an
education based on national spirit. Ahn, Chang‐Ho worked a ceramic kiln as a
commercial enterprise to raise funds for the publication of books for young
people. The political environment of the time, however, was not conducive
to the founding of such a school; in fact the Japanese were in the process of
eradicating education for Koreans, in order to ensure illiteracy and
essentially create a class of slave workers.
With Yi Kap, Yang Ki‐tak and Shin Chae‐Ho, Ahn embarked on a lecture tour
of Korea, warning of the national crisis being incurred by the Japanese and
urging the people to unite and resist the Japanese. Ahn repeatedly told
Japanese leaders that Japan would profit more with Korea as a friend rather
than an enemy.
By 1910 the Shinmin‐Hoe had around 300 members and represented a
threat to the Japanese occupation. The Japanese were actively crushing
these types of organizations, and the Shinmin‐Hoe quickly became a target
of their efforts. In December of 1910 the Japanese Governor General,
Terauchi, was scheduled to attend the dedicating ceremony for the new
railway bridge over the Amnok River. The Japanese used this situation to
pretend to uncover a plot to assassinate Terauchi on the way to this
ceremony. All of the Shinmin‐Hoe leaders and 600 innocent Christians were
arrested. Under severe torture, which led to the deaths of many, 105
Koreans were indicted and brought to trial. During the trial, the defendants
were adamant about their innocence. The world community felt that the
alleged plot was such an obvious fabrication that political pressure grew and
most of the defendants had to be set free. (By 1913, only six of the original
defendants had received prison sentences.)
By this time, the Japanese had become fairly successful at detecting and
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destroying underground resistance groups. However, they were not
successful in quelling the desire for freedom and self‐government among
the Korean people. The resistance groups moved further underground
and guerrilla raids from the independence groups in Manchuria and Siberia
increased.
The Japanese stepped up their assault on the Korean school system and
other nationalistic movements. After the passage of an Education Act in 1911
the Japanese began to close all Korean schools.
In 1913, the Tae‐Song School was forced to close, and, by 1914, virtually all
Korean schools had been shut down and all Koreans were attending
Japanese schools. In order to do so, they had to abandon using their Korean
language and their Korean birth‐names, and instead use the Japanese
language and Japanese names. The Koreans had the same conditions
imposed on them in order to purchase food from stores. They were taught
that they were the under‐class whose purpose was to serve their superior
Japanese masters.
This all but completed the Japanese campaign of cultural genocide. Chances
of any part of the Korean culture surviving rested in the hands of the few
dedicated patriots working in exile outside of Korea.
When Japanese Governor‐General Hiro‐Bumi Ito was assassinated by Ahn,
Joong‐Gun, Japan tightened its grip on Korean leaders. Ahn, Chang‐Ho was
forced to go into exile in Manchuria, then Siberia, Russia, Europe, and finally
the United States. In 1912, Ahn was elected chairman of the Korean National
People's Association, which had emerged as an organisation for Koreans
living abroad, and played an active role in negotiations with the US
government. Around this time he also established Hungsadan, a secret
voluntary group of ardent patriots. These and other organisations pressured
President Woodrow Wilson into speaking on behalf of Korean autonomy at
the Paris peace talks, and, in 1918, a representative of the Korean exiles was
indeed sent to these talks.
In 1919, when the Yi Dynasty was forcefully absorbed into the Japanese
Empire, Ahn started underground activities that focused on regaining Korean
independence. He returned to Shanghai in April 1919 along with Rhee
Syngman and Kim Ku, where Rhee became acting premier of a provisional
government. They drew up a Democratic Constitution that provided for a
freely elected president and legislature. This document also established the
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freedom of the press, speech, religion, and assembly. An independent
judiciary was established and the previous class system of nobility was
abolished. After trying in vain to narrow the differences of opinion between
the leaders in Shanghai, he resigned from the post after two years.
Finally, on March 1 1919, the provisional government in Shanghai formally
declared its independence from Japan, and called for massive general
resistance from the people of Korea. During the ensuing resistance
demonstrations the Japanese police opened fire on unarmed Korean crowds,
killing thousands. Many thousands more were arrested and tortured. Even
after this, Ahn, Chang‐Ho continued to work on in the United States on
behalf of his country of birth. He created a village in Manchuria for
wandering Korean refugees, and in 1922 led a commission which compiled
all historical materials relating to Korea, particularly concerning the Japanese
occupation.
In 1932 Ahn, Chang‐Ho was arrested by the Japanese following a bombing
carried out by Yun, Pong‐Gil (although Ahn himself was not involved in the
incident) and he was placed in prison in Taejon. After briefly being released
he was arrested again by the Japanese police and stayed in prison until 1938
when, in poor health, he was allowed to leave the prison on bail. He died in a
hospital in Seoul on 10 March 1938
Won‐Hyo
Won‐Hyo (617‐686 AD) was the noted Buddhist monk who introduced
Buddhism into the Silla Dynasty in 686 AD.
Legend has it that Won‐Hyo's mother, while pregnant with him, was passing
by a sala tree when she suddenly felt birth pangs, and, without having time
to reach her home, gave birth to him there and then. The sala tree is
significant, as it is usually only found in legends of highly revered figures.
The name given to him at birth was Sol Sedang. He derived the pen name
Won‐Hyo (meaning "dawn") from his nickname, "Sedak" (also meaning
"dawn"). He assumed this pen name in later years, after he had become
more accomplished as a Buddhist philosopher and poet.
Civil war amongst the Koguryo, Silla and Paekche kingdoms marked the
period of Won Hyo's birth and childhood, and indeed it was not until 677
that the Silla dynasty unified Korea. Legend asserts that Won‐Hyo, as a young
man, took part in these bloody civil wars and saw many of his friends
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slaughtered, and it was this that drove him to turn his back on violence and
become a monk. Most sources agree that he became a monk at the age 20.
One story says he remodelled his home as a temple which he named
Ch'ogae‐sa; another says he simply shaved his head and went into the
mountains to live as a monk. It is not even clear under which teachers he
studied Buddhism; some say it was Nangji on Yong‐ch'wi Mountain, others
say he was a disciple of priest Popchang at Hungnyun‐sa. Yet another legend
has it that he learned the Nirvana Sutra from Podok, a Koguryo priest exiled
in Silla. Buddhism was not a popular religion in Silla at that time, though;
although it had been introduced into the kingdom of Koguryo in 372 and
Paekche in 384, the general population of Silla was reluctant to accept it.
In 650, when Won‐Hyo was 33 years old, he set out for China in the company
of his friend Uisang; both of them had been inspired to study under the
famous Buddhist scholar Huan‐Tchuang. Their journey was smooth, except
near the Chinese border in Liaotung, Koguryo, when they were mistaken for
spies by sentries and barely escaped being captured. One of the most
famous stories in Korean Buddhism concerns Won‐Hyo's enlightenment
during this attempted journey to China:
"One evening as Won‐Hyo was crossing the desert, he stopped at a small
patch of green where there were a few trees and some water. He went to
sleep. Toward midnight he awoke, very thirsty. It was pitch‐dark. He groped
along on all fours, searching for water. At last his hand touched a cup on the
ground. He picked it up and drank. Ah, how delicious! Then he bowed
deeply, in gratitude to Buddha for the gift of water.
The next morning Won‐Hyo woke up and saw beside him what he had taken
for a cup. It was a shattered skull, blood‐caked and with shreds of flesh still
stuck to the cheek‐bones. Strange insects crawled or floated on the surface
of the filthy rainwater inside it. Won‐Hyo looked at the skull and felt a great
wave of nausea. He opened his mouth. As soon as the vomit poured out, his
mind opened and he understood. Last night, since he hadn't seen and hadn't
thought, the water was delicious. This morning, seeing and thinking had
made him vomit. Ah, he said to himself, thinking makes good and bad, life
and death. And without thinking, there is no universe, no Buddha, no
Dharma. All is one, and this one is empty.
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There was no need now to find a master. Won‐Hyo already understood life
and death. What more was there to learn? So he turned and started back
across the desert to Korea."
His friend, Uisang, continued on to China and learned the doctrines of the
Chinese school Hua‐yen and later established this in Korea ‐ as the Hwa‐om
school ‐ when he returned.
Following his return, Won‐Hyo undertook prodigious amounts of scholarly
work, and his writing was not the only area in which he gained recognition.
He was well‐known both to the general population and to the members of
the royal family and their court. He was often asked to conduct services,
recite prayers, and give sermons at the royal court.
In 660 AD, King Muyo became so interested in Won‐Hyo that he asked him to
come and live in the royal palace of Yosok. A relationship with the royal
princess Kwa developed, and marriage and the birth of their son Sol‐Ch'ong
soon followed. Shortly after his son was born, though, Won‐Hyo left the
palace to travel the country, and he became highly respected by the people
of Korea. He hated the fact that different religions argued with each other
over their different beliefs, so he created his own ideology in which the
conflicts between various religions could be reconciled.
In 661 AD, he experienced a revelation in his Buddhist philosophy and
developed the Chongto‐Gyo ("pure land") sect. This sect did not require
study of the Chinese Buddhist literature for salvation, requiring instead
merely diligent prayer. This fundamental change in Buddhist philosophy
made religion accessible to the lower classes, and as such it quickly became
very popular among the entire population.
In 662 AD, Won‐Hyo left the priesthood and devoted the rest of his life to
travelling the country teaching his new sect to the common people. Won‐
Hyo's contributions to the culture and national awareness of Silla were
instrumental in the unification of the three kingdoms of Korea.
Won‐Hyo died in the year 686 aged 70, nine years after the unification of the
Korean peninsula under the Silla dynasty. His body was laid in state by his
son, Sol‐Ch'ong, at Punhwang‐sa temple.
It is said that during his lifetime Won‐Hyo authored some 240 works on
Buddhism; of these, 20 works in 25 volumes still exist. One of the forms he
chose to use was a special Silla poetic form, Hyang‐Ga. These poems were
mainly written by monks or members of the Hwa‐Rang and concerned
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patriotism, Buddhism, and praise of the illustrious dead. Won‐Hyo's poem
"Hwaorm‐Ga" is said to be among the most admired of these poems.
During his lifetime Won‐Hyo dominated the intellectual and religious arenas
both inside and outside Korea, and made extensive commentaries on all the
different schools of Buddhism that were competing for supremacy at that
time. He set the shape and form of Silla Buddhism and was also the
dominant figure in the Korean Buddhist tradition. Along with two other
famous Korean Buddhists, Chinul and Sosan Taesa, Won‐Hyo was one of the
most influential thinkers Korea has ever produced.
His belief was that one could obtain salvation, or enter the "Pure Land", by
simply praying. This fundamental change in Buddhist philosophy made
religion accessible to the lower classes. It soon became very popular among
the entire population. However, his most remarkable achievements were his
efforts in relieving the poverty and suffering of ordinary people. In 662 AD,
Won‐Hyo left the priesthood and devoted the rest of his life to traveling the
country teaching this new sect to the common people. Won‐Hyo's
contributions to the culture and national awareness of Silla were
instrumental in the unification of the three kingdoms of Korea.
Won‐Hyo died in 686 AD and was laid in state by his son Sol‐Chong in
Punhwang‐Sa temple. He had seen the unification of the Three Kingdoms of
Korea in his own lifetime and had helped to bring about a brilliant culture in
Korea through his efforts in Buddhist philosophy. He had a profound
influence on quality of life in Silla and on Buddhism in Korea, China, and
Japan.
Yul‐Gok
Yul‐Gok is the pseudonym of the great philosopher Yi I nicknamed "the
Confucius of Korea."
Yi I was born on 26 December 1536 in Pukp'yong, in Kangwon Province. He
was a child prodigy who knew Chinese script at the age of three and
composed poems in Chinese before he had reached his seventh birthday. By
the age of seven, he had finished his lessons in the Confucian Classics, and he
passed the Civil Service literary examination at the age of 13.
At the age of 29, Yi I passed a higher Civil Service examination ‐ with full
marks ‐ and he started government service. He wrote a thesis on the subject
of Ch'ondoch'aek which was widely regarded as a literary masterpiece,
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displaying his knowledge of history and the Confucian philosophy of politics,
and also reflecting his profound knowledge of Taoism.
He took the pen name Yul‐Gok (meaning "Valley of Chestnuts") and
continued his studies to grow into a great Confucian scholar, revered as the
"Greatest Teacher in the East".
At 34, Yul‐Gok authored "Tongho Mundap", an eleven article treatise
devoted to clarifying his conviction that righteous government could be
achieved even within his own lifetime, showing his aspirations and also
measures to achieve it.
Yul‐Gok temporarily renounced the world by secluding himself in the
Diamond Mountains following his mother's death when he was 36. It is not
known why he did this, although it is thought that either: he sought three
years of lamentation until the Buddhist phrase, "life is transient", eased his
sorrow; he may have understood that the Confucian teaching, "preserve
your mind and nurture your nature", was synonymous with the Buddhist
teaching, "open your mind and see your nature"; or he may have regarded it
as a pleasure simply to retire to the countryside to rest.
Following his return to society, he authored "The Essentials of Confucianism"
in 1576, which was considered to be a most valuable book, showing
examples for a good Confucian life.
Yul‐Gok died in 1584, and the valuable Yul‐Gok Chônjip ("The Complete
Works of Yul‐Gok") was compiled after his death on the basis of the writings
he bequeathed.
Yul‐Gok’s portrait is on the 5000 Won note in Korea.
Joong‐Gun
Ahn, Joong‐Gun was born in 1879 in the town of Hae‐Ju in Hwang‐Hae
Province. His family moved to the town of Sin‐Chun in Pyongahn Province
when he was about ten years old. When he grew up he became a teacher
and founded a school, called the Sam‐Heung ("three success") School. The
Japanese occupation of Korea would mean that his school, like all others in
Korea at that time, would come under great hardships. Due to its location, it
would also become caught up in a Japanese power play.
Korea was dragged into conflict as a result of trouble erupting in China in
1900. In response to the Boxer rebellion, the colonial powers descended
upon the Orient in force to protect their interests. Prompted by the
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movement of Russian army units into neighbouring Manchuria in 1902,
England formed an Anglo‐Japanese Alliance, and a Russo‐French Alliance was
subsequently established in 1903, quickly followed by a movement of French
and Russian troops into northern Korea. The Japanese saw this action as a
threat to their intention to claim Korea for the Japanese Empire and
demanded the removal of all Russian troops from Korea. When Russia
rejected this demand in 1904, Japan initiated a naval attack. Korea claimed
neutrality, but was invaded by Japan nonetheless; in autumn 1905 Russia
surrendered and Japan was firmly established in Korea. This invasion was not
viewed as an act of aggression anywhere outside of Korea.
Long‐term occupation of Korea required the takeover of the Korean
government. Hiro‐Bumi Ito, one of Japan's leading elder statesmen of the
time, masterminded a plan to complete the occupation and political
takeover of Korea, and was named as the first Japanese Governor General of
Korea in 1905. From Japan, Ito pressured the weak Korean government into
signing the "Protectorate Treaty" on November 19, 1905, which gave the
Japanese the legal right to occupy Korea. Ito arrived in Korea in March 1906
to take the reins of power and ordered all foreign delegations in Korea to
withdraw, leaving Korea at the mercy of the Japanese. The new Japanese
puppet government passed laws that allowed Korean land to be sold to
Japanese, although land was just taken anyway.
The Korean people were incensed by this, and waves of anti‐Japanese
violence swept the country. A number of guerrilla groups were formed to
attack the Japanese occupation forces, but they were crushed by the much
larger Japanese army. Popular violent unrest continued to spread as many
loyal Korean government officials committed suicide, and Korean signatories
to the Protectorate Treaty were assassinated.
In the face of this oppression, Ahn, Joong‐Gun went into self‐imposed exile in
Manchuria where he formed a small guerrilla movement. His force, of about
300 men, carried out raids across the Manchuria‐Korea border in order to
maintain pressure on the Japanese.
In June 1907, the Korean emperor, Ko‐Jong, secretly sent an emissary to the
Hague Peace Conference in order to expose the aggressive Japanese policy in
Korea to the world. When Hiro‐Bumi Ito found out about this, he forced Ko‐
Jong to abdicate the Korean throne. Following this, in July 1907 the Japanese
officially took over the Government of Korea. This led to severe rioting
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throughout Korea, involving many Korean army units. The Japanese
responded by disbanding the Korean army and police force. The Korean army
retaliated by attacking the Japanese troops, but were quickly defeated.
In response to increased Japanese activity in the Kando region on the border
with Manchuria, Ahn, Joong‐Gun led his guerrillas on a raid there in June
1909. The raid was a success, resulting in many Japanese deaths. Despite
such guerrilla activities being planned and executed from within China, the
Japanese arrived at an agreement with the Chinese and signed a treaty with
them on September 4 1909. This treaty granted the Japanese access to
connect to the Southern Manchurian Railway, allowing them to exploit the
rich mineral resources in Manchuria. In return, the Japanese gave China the
territorial rights to Kando. This act of selling Korean territory to another
country was the final straw for patriots like Ahn. He retreated to his
headquarters in Vladivostok, Siberia, to plan the assassination of the man he
saw as responsible ‐ Hiro‐Bumi Ito.
Ito had planned to meet with a Russian official called General Kokotseff in
Harbin, Manchuria on October 26 1909, to calm Russian fears over Japan's
intentions to annex Manchuria and invade China. When Ito's train arrived at
Harbin train station at 9:00am on the day of the meeting, Ahn, Joong‐Gun
was waiting for him. Even though he knew that he would be tortured if he
was captured by the Japanese, Ahn shot Ito as he stepped off the train. He
was indeed captured by Japanese troops, and imprisoned at Port Arthur.
Whilst in the Japanese prisons, he suffered five months of barbaric torture.
Other prisoners told that despite this unbelievable treatment, his spirit never
broke. At 10:00am on March 26, l9l0, Ahn, Joong‐Gun was executed at Lui‐
Shung prison at the age of just 32.
Ahn, Joong‐Gun's scarifice was one of many in this chaotic time of Korea's
history. His attitude, and that of his compatriots, symbolised the loyalty and
dedication that the Korean people felt towards their country's independence
and freedom. Ahn's devotion to his country was captured in the calligraphy
that he wrote in his cell in Lui‐Shung prison prior to his execution, which said
simply "The Best Rivers and Mountains". This can be interpreted to mean
that he felt that his country was the most beautiful on earth. His life took
him from educator to guerrilla leader, but above all this he was one of
Korea's great patriots.
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Toi‐Gye
Yi Hwang was born in On'gye‐ri (now Tosan), North Kyôngsang Province, on
November 25, 1501. He was a child prodigy. At the age of six, he started to
learn the Book of One Thousand letters from an old gentleman in his
neighborhood, and at 12 he learned the Analects of Confucius from his uncle,
Yi U. At the age of 19, he obtained the two‐volume Sôngni Taejôn, a great
compendium of neo‐Confucianism by Hu Guang, and experienced a process
of great awakening. He became devoted to Song thought.
He came to Seoul when he was 23 years old to study at the National
Academy, and passed the preliminary provincial Civil Service examination
with top honours at the age of 33, continuing his scholarly pursuits whilst
working for the Korean government. Indeed, he continued to work for the
government throughout his life, moving through 29 different positions. His
integrity made him relentless as he took part in purges of corrupt
government officials. In a report to the king following an inspection tour of
Ch'ungch'ông Province as a royal secret inspector, he ruthlessly condemned
a provincial official who, ignoring an order from an honest magistrate, busied
himself in illicitly building a fortune by taking possession of government
articles. On numerous occasions he was even exiled from the capital for his
firm commitment to principle.
In 1549 he retired back to his home and lived there until his death, thereby
justifying his chosen pen name of Toi‐Gye (meaning "retreating stream").
There he began to build the Tosan Sowon, a private Confucian academy
offering instruction in the classics and honouring the sages with regular
memorial rites. Unfortunately he died in 1570 and never lived to see the
opening of his academy open, although his students continued to work after
his death. Tosan Sowon opened in 1574, and remains in use to this day.
On his death, Yi Hwang was posthumously promoted to the highest
ministerial rank, and his mortuary tablet is housed in a Confucian shrine as
well as in the shrine of King Sonjo. He was the author of many books on
Confucianism, and he also published a "shijo" collection, a short poetic form
popular with the literati of the Choson period. During forty years of public
life he served four kings (Chungjong, Injong, Myôngjong and Sônjo), and his
interpretation of the "li‐chi" dualism gained him fame in Korea and beyond.
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His influence is still being felt in the 20th century in China, Korea, and Japan.
His academy remains a center for the study Toi‐Gae thought, and regular
memorial services are held in honor of its founder twice a year.
Toi‐Gye’s portrait is on the 1000 Won note in Korea.
Hwa‐Rang
This Tul was named for the Hwarang youth group that originated in the Silla
Dynasty about 1350 years ago and became the driving force for unification of
the three kingdoms of Korea.
During the 6th century AD, the Korean peninsula was divided into the three
kingdoms of Silla, Koguryo, and Paekche. The smallest of these kingdoms,
Silla, was constantly being harassed and invaded by its two more powerful
neighbours, and so in 576 Chin‐Hung, the 24th king of the Silla dynasty,
established the Hwa‐Rang (meaning "flower of youth") warriors from groups
of talented young noblemen who were exceedingly loyal to the throne, who
could be extensively trained in all forms of warfare and then successfully go
into battle to defend the kingdom.
Each Hwa‐Rang group consisted of hundreds of thousands of members
chosen from the young sons of the nobility (some as young as 12) by popular
election. The leaders of each group, including the most senior leader, were
referred to as Kuk‐Son. These Kuk‐Son were similar to the legendary Knights
of the Round Table of King Arthur's reign.
Trainees learned the five cardinal principles of human relations (kindness,
justice, courtesy, intelligence and faith), the three scholarships (royal tutor,
instructor and teacher) and the six ways of service (holy minister, good
minister, loyal minister, wise minister, virtuous minister and honest
minister). After completing their training, which usually lasted around ten
years, candidates were presented to the king for nomination as a Hwa‐Rang
or Kuk‐Son.
The Hwa‐Rang trained to improve their moral principles and military skills. To
harden their bodies, they climbed rugged mountains and swam turbulent
rivers in the coldest months. The youths were taught dance, literature, arts
and sciences, and the arts of warfare, chariot driving, archery and hand‐to‐
hand combat.
The hand‐to‐hand combat was based on the Um‐Yang principles of Buddhist
philosophy and included a blending of hard and soft, linear and circular
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techniques. The art of foot fighting known as Subak, practised by common
people throughout the three kingdoms, was adopted and transformed by the
Hwa‐Rang. They intensified it and added hand techniques ‐ it was said that
the Hwa‐Rang punches could penetrate the wooden chest armor of an
enemy and kill him, and that their foot techniques were said to be executed
at such speed that opponents frequently thought that the feet of Hwa‐Rang
warriors were swords. They called this new art Taek Kyon.
The Hwa‐Rang code was established in the 3Oth year of king Chin‐Hung's
rule. Two noted Hwa‐Rang warriors, Kwi‐San and Chu‐Hang, sought out the
famous Buddhist warrior‐monk Wong‐Gwang Popsa and asked that he give
them a set of commandments that men who could not embrace the
secluded life of a Buddhist monk could follow. These commandments, based
on Confucian and Buddhist principles, were divided into five rules (loyalty to
the king and country, obedience to one's parents, sincerity, trust and
brotherhood among friends, no retreat in battle and justice in the killing of
living things) and nine virtues (humanity, justice, courtesy, wisdom, trust,
goodness, virtue, loyalty and courage).
The Hwa‐Rang were the first group of trained warriors ever to possess a
spiritual attitude toward warfare. This spiritual warrior code was passed on
to Japan in the late 6th century AD, and it was from these roots that the
famous "Bushido" Samurai tradition was eventually born.
The zeal of the Hwa‐Rang helped Silla to become the world's first Buddhist
kingdom, and eventually led to the unification of the three kingdoms of
Korea. The battles won by the Hwa‐Rang brought about the unification, but
history would not be served, however, if it were not acknowledged that this
unification was only achieved by a series of very bloody conflicts in which a
large percentage of the Korean population was killed.
After the unification of Korea and the defeat of the invading Chinese Tang
dynasty, the thoughts of the Korean people began to move away from
conflict and on to more philosophical ideas. As warriors, the Hwa‐Rang fell
into decline by the end of the 7th century. Their refined knowledge of
healing caused them to become known as a group specialising in Buddhist
philosophy, healing and poetry, but no longer did they enjoy the exalted
status of royal warriors.
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Choong‐Moo
Yi, Soon‐Sin was born in Seoul on the 28th April 1545. After his father left his
job as a government official, the family moved to Asan, Chungcheongdo
province and the young Soon‐Sin started his education. He at first chose to
study the liberal arts, but later decided to take the military course. He passed
the entrance examination at the age of 32 and was appointed as a lower
officer of Hamgyeong‐do province to begin his military service.
After rising through the ranks, Yi was appointed as naval commander of the
Left Division of Cheollado in 1591, when he was 47 years old. It was at this
time that he came up with the idea of the armoured battleship "Kobukson",
or "turtle ship", a galley ship decked over with iron plating to protect the
soldiers and rowers. It was so named because the curvature of the iron
plates covering the top decks resembled a turtle's shell. It had a large iron
ram at its prow in the shape of a turtle's head with an open mouth, from
which smoke, arrows and missiles were discharged. There was another such
opening in the rear, and six more on either side, all for the same purpose.
The armored shell was fitted with iron spikes and knives that were disguised
with straw or grass and designed to impale unwanted boarders. It was truly
revolutionary, the most highly‐developed warship of its time, and it was to
play a crucial part in the ensuing war against Japan.
When the Japanese Shogun Toyotomi Hideyoshi came to power in 1590, his
priority was the conquest of China, as he knew that a war with China would
drain the financial resources of his rival fuedal lords of Japan and cement his
hold on power. In 1592 he approached Korea and requested her aid in this
conquest. When Korea refused, he ordered two of his generals, Kato
Kiyomasa (the Buddhist commander) and Konishi Yukinaga (the Christian
commander), to attack Korea. His plan was to sweep through the peninsula
and on to conquer China.
Thanks to their larger army and superior technology (the Japanese had
imported muskets from Europe and developed their own, whereas the
Korean army was armed with swords, bows and arrows and spears), the
Japanese troops reached Seoul in just 15 days and occupied the entire
country by May 1592.
In early 1592, at the start of the conflict, Admiral Yi Soon‐Sin, in charge of the
Right Division of Chulla Province, made his headquarters in the port city of
Yosu. It was in Yosu at this time that he constructed his famous Kobukson;
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the first one was launched and outfitted with cannons just two days before
the first Japanese troops landed at Pusan, and in May 1592, Admiral Yi
engaged the Japanese at Okpa. In his first battle, Yi led 80 ships against a
Japanese naval force of 800 aiming to re‐supply their northern bases from
their port at Pusan. By the end of the day, Yi had set 26 Japanese ships on
fire and forced the rest to flee. Giving chase, he sank many more, leaving the
entire Japanese fleet scattered.
Several major engagements followed in which Admiral Yi annihilated every
Japanese squadron he encountered. Courageous and a tactical genius, he
even seemed to be able to outguess the enemy. In one incident, Yi dreamed
that a robed man called out to him "The Japanese are coming". Seeing this as
a sign, he rose to assemble his ships, sailed out, and surprised a large enemy
fleet. He burned 12 enemy ships and scattered the rest. In the course of the
battle, he demonstrated his bravery by not showing pain when shot in the
shoulder, revealing his injury only when the battle was over, when he bared
his shoulder and ordered that the bullet be cut out.
In August 1592, 100,000 Japanese troop reinforcements headed around the
Pyongyang peninsula and up the west coast. Admiral Yi confronted them at
Kyon‐Na‐Rang, among the islands off the southern coast of Korea.
Pretending at first to flee, Admiral Yi then turned and began to ram the
Japanese ships with his sturdy Kobukson. His fleet copied his tactic and they
sank 71 Japanese vessels. When a Japanese reinforcement fleet arrived,
Admiral Yi's fleet sank 48 of them and forced many more to be beached as
the Japanese sailors tried to escape on land. This engagement is considered
to be one of history's greatest ever naval battles, and it utterly crushed
Japan's ambitions of conquering China.
In a brilliant move, Admiral Yi then took the entire Korean Navy of 180 ships,
small and large, into the Japanese home port at Pusan harbour. There he
proceeded to attack the main Japanese naval force of more than 500 ships,
that were still at anchor. Using fire boats and strategic manoeuvring, he sank
over half of the Japanese vessels, but, receiving no land support, was
eventually forced to withdraw. With this battle, Admiral Yi completed what
some naval historians have called the most important series of naval
engagements in the history of the world.
Admiral Yi, Soon‐Sin's dominance over the sea was so complete that no
Japanese supply ships could reach Korea, and the Japanese forces began to
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dwindle. The stalemate naval blockade forced Admiral Yi into many months
of inactivity, during which he prepared for the future; he had his men make
salt by evaporating seawater, and used it to pay local workers for building
ships and barracks, and to trade for materials his navy needed. His energy
and patriotism were so great that many men worked for nothing. Having
heard not only of Yi's military feats, but his contributions to the navy as well,
the king conferred upon him the admiralty of the surrounding three
provinces.
Unfortunately, a Japanese spy named Yosira managed to ingratiate himself
to the Korean General Kim, Eung‐Su, and convinced the General that the
Japanese General Kato was due to attack Korea with a great fleet. He
convinced General Kim to send Admiral Yi to lie in wait and sink the fleet, but
Yi refused on the grounds that the area given by Yosira was studded with
rocks and highly dangerous. Admiral Yi's refusal to follow orders was seized
upon by his enemies at court, and they insisted on his arrest. As a result, in
1597 Admiral Yi, Soon‐Sin was relieved of command, placed under arrest and
taken to Seoul in chains, where he was beaten and tortured. It was only the
fervour of his supporters in promoting his past record that prevented the
king from having him executed. Spared the death penalty, Admiral Yi was
demoted to the rank of common foot soldier. He responded to this
humiliation as a most obedient subject, going quietly about his work as if his
rank and orders were totally appropriate.
When Hideyoshi learned from Yosira that Yi, Soon‐Sin was out of the way,
the Japanese attacked Korea again with 140,000 men in thousands of ships.
Admiral Yi's replacement, Won Kyun, led the Korean navy to a humiliating
defeat that almost resulted in its total destruction. Fearing for his country's
security, the king hastily reinstated Yi, Soon‐Sin as naval commander, and, in
spite of his previous treatment, Yi immediately set out on foot for his former
base at Hansan. There, with a force of just 12 ships, he repelled a Japanese
fleet of 133 ships sailing through the Myongyang Strait at night by hiding,
spread out, in the shadow of a mountain and firing constantly as they
passed, convincing the Japanese that they were facing a vastly superior
force. The next day more Japanese ships arrived, but Yi fearlessly sailed
straight at them, sinking 30 and causing the remainder to flee in panic as
they recognised the return of the fearless Admiral. Yi gave chase and
destroyed the fleet, killing the Japanese Commander Madasi.
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Korea was relatively weak at that time and relied heavily upon troops
supplied by her close ally China (who had helped to drive Japan back
following their initial occupation in 1592), and, in 1598, the Chinese emperor
sent Admiral Chil Lin to command Korea's western coast. Admiral Chil Lin
was an extremely vain man and would take advice from no one. Knowing this
to be a serious problem, Admiral Yi made every effort to win the trust of the
Chinese admiral, and his political skills proved to be as effective as his
military ones as he allowed Admiral Chil Lin to take credit for many of his
own victories. He was willing to forgo the praise and let others reap the
commendation in order to have the enemies of his country destroyed.
Yi, Soon‐Sin was soon in charge of all strategy while Admiral Chil Lin took the
credit. This arrangement made the Chinese seem successful, which so
encouraged them that they gave Korea more of the aid she desperately
needed. Admiral Chil Lin could not praise Admiral Yi enough, and repeatedly
wrote to the Korean king So‐Jon that "the universe did not contain another
man who could perform the feats that Yi, Soon‐Sin apparently found easy".
Unfortunately Admiral Yi, Soon‐Sin never lived to see the rewards of the
heroic efforts and brilliant strategies of his that led, finally, to the Japanese
withdrawal at the end of 1598. On November 19, 1598, Admiral Yi was shot
by a stray bullet during the final battle of the war. Even as he lay wounded
on deck, he commanded that his body be hidden by a shield so that his
enemies could not see that he had fallen. To his oldest son, he whispered,
"Do not weep, do not announce my death. Beat the drum, blow the trumpet,
wave the flag for advance. We are still fighting. Finish the enemy to the last
one." He was 54 years old when he died.
Although known primarily for his invention of the Kobukson, he also
developed other military devices. One of his little‐known inventions was a
smoke generator in which sulphur and saltpetre were burned, emitting great
clouds of smoke. This first recorded use of a smokescreen struck terror in the
hearts of superstitious enemy sailors, and, more practically, it masked the
movements of Admiral Yi's ships. Another of his inventions was a type of
flamethrower, a small cannon with an arrow‐shaped shell that housed an
incendiary charge, that he used to set fire to enemy ships. Along with his
inventions, the tactical manoeuvres that he pioneered, such as his use of the
fishnet "V" formation and the use of two‐salvo fire against ships,
demonstrate Yi's brilliance as a naval tactician.
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Admiral Yi, Soon‐Sin was one of the greatest heroes in Korean history. He
was posthumously awarded the honorary title of Choong‐Moo (meaning
"Loyalty‐Chivalry") in 1643, and the Distinguished Military Service Medal of
the Republic of Korea (the third highest) is named after this title. Numerous
books praise his feats of glory and several statues and monuments
commemorate his deeds. His name is held in such high esteem that when the
Japanese fleet defeated the Russian navy in 1905, the Japanese admiral was
quoted as saying "You may wish to compare me with Lord Nelson, but do not
compare me with Korea's Admiral Yi, Soon‐Sin...he is too remarkable for
anyone."
Choong‐Moo’s portrait is on the 100 Won silver coins in Korea.
The name Choong‐Moo, representing "Loyalty‐Chivalry," was awarded
posthumously to Yi Sun‐Sin in 1643.
Choong Moo is also the name of Korean's 3rd highest military award, the
"Distinguished Military Service Medal of the People's Republic of Korea".
Kwang‐Gae
King Kwang‐Gae‐Toh‐Wang (meaning "broad expander of territory") was
born in 374 AD and ascended to the throne in 391, at the age of just
seventeen, to become the 19th king of the Koguryo Dynasty. He ruled over
Koguryo at the time in Korea's history known as The Three Kingdoms, so
called because during this time the Korean peninsula was constantly being
fought over by the three Koguryo, Silla and Paekche dynasties. He is
sometimes referred to as Great King Yeongnak, after the era name selected
by him. He expanded Koguryo’s territories far into the Korean peninsula by
advancing southward at the expense of the Paekche dynasty to occupy the
north of the Han River, and occupied Manchurian territory to the east of
Liaohe. On his death in 413, at just 39 years of age, Koguryo ruled everything
between the Sungari and Han Rivers. This gave it control over two thirds of
what is now modern Korea as well as a large part of Manchuria. In addition,
the chieftains of Silla submitted to the northern kingdom's authority in 399
to receive protection from Japanese raids. Only Paekche continued to
resist Koguryo domination during this period, thereby preventing what
would have been the first recognized unification of the Korean peninsula.
During his reign, King Kwang‐Gae conquered 65 walled cities and some 1,400
villages, in addition to aiding Silla when it was attacked by the Japanese. In
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392 he built nine Buddhist temples in Pyongyang. His accomplishments are
recorded on a monument which was erected in 414 in southern Manchuria.
Po‐Eun
Chong, Mong‐Chu was born in 1337, at the time when the Koryo dynasty
ruled the Korean peninsula.
At the age of 23 he took three different Civil Service literary examinations
and received the highest marks possible on all three, and in 1367 he became
an instructor in Neo‐Confucianism at Songgyungwan University whilst
simultaneously holding a government position, and was a faithful public
servant to King U.
The king had great confidence in his wide knowledge and good judgment,
and so he participated in various national projects and his scholarly works
earned him great respect in the Koryo court.
He was most knowledgeable about human behaviour, and visited China and
Japan as a diplomat for the king, securing promises of Japanese aid in
defeating pirates and managing to secure peace with Ming dynasty China in
1385.
He also founded an institute devoted to the theories of Confucianism.
During the beginning of the eleventh century Mongol forces had advanced
into China and the Korean peninsula, and by the year 1238 Koryo was fully
under Mongol domination and would remain so for the next full century. The
Ming Dynasty in China had grown extremely powerful during the 14th
century, however, and began to beat back the Mongol armies, so that by the
1350s Koryo had regained its independence, although China garrisoned a
large number of troops in the north‐east of Koryo, effectively occupying part
of the country.
General Yi, Sung‐Gae had grown in power and respect during the late 1370s
and early 1380s, and many of Chong's contemporaries plotted to dethrone
then‐King U and replace him with General Yi.
In 1388, General Yi, Sung‐Gae was ordered to use his armies to push the
Ming armies out of the Korean peninsula. The general, however, was no fool.
He realized the strength of the Ming forces when he came into contact with
them at the Yalu River, and made a momentous decision that would alter the
course of Korean history. Knowing of the support he enjoyed both from high‐
ranking government officials and the general populace, he decided to return
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to the capital, Kaesong, and secure control of the government instead of
possibly destroying his army by attacking the Chinese.
Yi marched his army into the capital, defeated the forces loyal to the king
(commanded by General Choi Yong) and removed the government, but did
not ascend the throne right away.
King Gongyang and his family were sent into exile in 1392 (where they would
later be secretly murdered), but Chong, Mong‐Chu faithfully supported the
king, leading the opposition to Yi’s claim to the throne.
Chong was revered throughout Koryo, even by Yi himself, but he was seen to
be an obstacle and as such had to be removed. Yi threw a party for him and
afterward, on his way home, Chong was murdered by five men on the
Sonjukkyo Bridge in Kaesong. This bridge has now become a national
monument, and a brown spot on one of the stones is said to be a bloodstain
of his which turns red when it rains.
The 474‐year‐old Koryo Dynasty effectively ended with the death of Chong,
Mong‐Chu, and was followed by the Lee Dynasty. His noble death symbolises
his faithful allegiance to the king.
He was honored in 1517, 125 years after his death, when he was canonised
into the national academy alongside other Korean sages such as Yul‐Gok and
Toi‐Gye.
Even if I may die, die a hundred times
Even if my skeleton may become dust and dirt,
And whether my spirit may be there or not,
My single‐hearted loyalty to the lord will not change.
Chong, Mong‐Chu (Po‐Eun)
Ge‐Baek
Little is known of the life of Ge‐Baek, including the year and location of his
birth, apart from the fact that he was a great general in the Paekche dynasty
in the early to mid‐7th century AD.
The Paekche dynasty flourished for six centuries from 18 BC until it was
defeated by Silla in 660. Paekche was established by refugees from Koguryo
in the southwest corner of the Korean peninsula, close to the site of present‐
day Seoul. It expanded southward and set up a trading relationship with
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China. A major Paekche expedition to Kyushu, Japan, led to the creation of
the Yamato Kingdom and the beginnings of a new cultural legacy.
In 655, Paekche and Koguryo joined forces to attack Silla, although they were
eventually driven back when Silla received aid from Tang Dynasty China. In
660, when a huge united army of Silla and the Chinese invaded Paekche,
General Ge‐Baek organised 5,000 soldiers of the highest morale and courage
to meet them in battle. He knew before he set out that his army was
outnumbered and that his efforts would be futile, but nonetheless he did not
hesitate to try to defend his country, reportedly stating
"I would rather die than be a slave of the enemy."
He then killed his wife and family to prevent them from falling into the hands
of opposing forces, and to prevent the thought of them to influence his
actions or cause him to falter in battle.
His forces won four small initial battles, but then he was forced to move his
forces to block the advance of General Kim, Yoo‐Sin on the Paekche capital,
Puyo. The two generals met on the plains of Hwangsan Field, in present day
Hamyang, near Chiri Mountain. Ge‐Baek's forces fought bravely but they
were outnumbered ten to one and, in the end, he and his men were
completely defeated.
The Paekche dynasty was destroyed after 678 years of rule, but the name of
Ge‐Baek is still recognised for his bravery and his fierce loyalty to his country.
Eui‐Am
Son, Byong‐Hi was born in 1861 in Chungcheong Province. In 1884 he heard
of the Dong Hak religion* and its ideals of supporting the nation and
comforting the people, and decided to become a member.
After joining Dong Hak, Son entered into a period of profound training that
included reading and reciting the Dong Hak "Incantation of Twenty‐One
Letters" thirty thousand times a day. In addition he made straw sandals,
which he sold at the market in Cheongju. He is thought to have lived in this
manner for roughly three years.
After this period Son, Byong‐Hi became the student of Ch'oe, Si‐Hyung, who
was the 2nd Great Leader of Dong Hak, and entered a life of devoted study.
In 1894 Ch'oe, Si‐Hyung led the Gabo Dong Hak Revolution in protest at the
corruption of the Korean Joseon government, and Son, Byong‐Hi served as a
commander. This revolution quickly grew into a resistance struggle against
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foreign invasion and occupation, in which Japan was the principal target.
Ch'oe's forces met defeat in 1895, however, and the revolution was put
down at the hands of Japan's superior modern weaponry. After living for
some years as a fugitive Ch'oe, Si‐Hyung was captured by
pursuing government troops in 1898 and executed, although he had
foreseen that his time was marked, and on December 24, 1897 he had
ordained Son, Byong‐Hi as the 3rd Great Leader of Dong Hak.
In 1898, following the execution of Ch'oe, Si‐Hyung, Son, Byong‐Hi sought
political asylum in Japan. After the Russo‐Japan War in 1904, he returned to
Korea and established the Chinbohoe ("progressive society"), a new cultural
and reformist movement designed to reverse the declining fortunes of the
nation and to create a new society. Through Dong Hak he conducted a
nationwide movement that aimed at social improvement through the
renovation of old customs and ways of life. Hundreds of thousands members
of Dong Hak cut their long hair short and
initiated the wearing of simple, modest clothing. Non‐violent demonstrations
for social improvement organized by members of Dong Hak took place
throughout 1904. This coordinated series of activities was known as the
Kapjin reform movement.
Members of Dong Hak were severely persecuted by the Japanese
government, and so, on December 1, 1905, Son decided to modernize the
religion and usher in an era of openness and transparency in order to
legitimize it in the eyes of the Japanese. As a result he officially changed the
name of Dong Hak to Chondo Kyo ("Heavenly Way"). The following year,
Chondo Kyo was established as a modern religious organisation. Its central
headquarters were based in Seoul.
Over the years of Japanese colonial rule since the annexation in 1910, Son,
Byong‐Hi, like all Koreans, longed for freedom and independence. As a result
of these years of oppression, he helped to set up a systematic underground
anti‐Japanese movement throughout 1918 which saw uprecedented
cooperation between Chondo Kyo, Christians and Buddhists as they united
under a common cause. Son's Chondo Kyo gave financial support to the
movement, and he insisted that the independence movement must be
popular in nature and non‐violent. A Declaration of Independence was
prepared and 33 national leaders selected, 15 of which were members of
Chondo Kyo. Son, Byong‐Hi was the most prominent of these.
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The climax came on March 1, 1919 when, during a period of public mourning
for the recently deceased Emperor Ko‐Jong, the Declaration of Independence
was publicly proclaimed at Pagoda Park in Seoul. This spark ignited the
public, who took to the streets and demonstrated, calling for Korean
independence. This initiated a nationwide movement in which many people
took part, regardless of locality and social status, but the Japanese
immediately mobilised their police and army and brutally put down the
demonstrations, despite their peaceful nature. More
than 6,000 Koreans were killed, some 15,000 wounded, and around 50,000
arrested, including Son, Byong‐Hi.
While in prison Son became ill and was eventually released from custody on
sick bail. His illness worsened, however, and in 1922 he died at home in
Sangchunweon.
Son, Byong‐Hi selflessly devoted his life, both in terms of his spiritual ideals
and his political ideals, to the oppressed Korean masses and the Korean
nation.
* Dong Hak ("Oriental Culture") was a Korean religion founded in 1860 by
Ch'oe Suun. Dong Hak venerated the god "Hanulnim" ("Lord of Heaven"),
and believed that man is not created by a supernatural God, but man is
instead caused by an innate God. Koreans have believed in Hanulnim from
ancient times, so Dong Hak could be seen to be a truly Korean religion, unlike
Buddhism or Christianity.
Choong‐Jang
Kim Duk Ryang was born in 1567, in Lee Dynasty Korea. He joined the army
and rose to become a commander of the royal troops.
When Japan invaded in 1592, he was promoted to the rank of general and, in
1594, he was appointed as commander‐in‐chief of the Honam district. He
was immediately called upon to defend his district, and succeeded in
repelling the Japanese invaders. He and another commander, Ja, Woo‐Kwak,
followed the routed Japanese troops and destroyed their camps. As a result
of this his reputation grew, and the Japanese forces became afraid of him.
He was nicknamed General Ho‐Ik (“tiger wing”) as a result of his bravery.
He was regarded jealously by King Sonjo’s subordinates, and they engineered
his arrest and imprisonment in 1595 on falsified charges relating to the killing
of a slave girl, but he was later released by decree of the king. He was
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eventually implicated in the rebellion orchestrated by Lee, Mong‐Hak in 1596
and sentenced to death by poisoning, although he was later exonerated and
absolved of any dishonour.
Juche
The Juche Idea was improvised in the 1950s by Kim, Il‐Sung, and became the
official state ideology of the Democratic People’s Rebublic of Korea (DPRK) in
1972.
Juche is often described as “self‐reliance”. When applied to an individual this
can be interpreted as meaning that man is the master of his own self, his
own world and his own destiny. The true meaning of Juche is more nuanced,
however, as it was devised as a political rather than a personal philosophy.
Kim, Il‐Sung explained: “Establishing Juche means, in a nutshell, being the
master of revolution and reconstruction in one’s own country. This means
holding fast to an independent position, rejecting dependence on others,
using one’s own brains, believing in one’s own strength, displaying the
revolutionary spirit of self‐reliance, and thus solving one’s own problems
for oneself on one’s own responsibility under all circumstances.”
The Juche philosophy carries a great deal of controversy with it due to its
political purpose and application in North Korea by Kim, Il‐Sung and
subsequently Kim, Jong‐Il, and full understanding of it would require
extensive exploration of its many aspects.
Sam‐Il
One of the earliest displays of Korean nationalism under the Japanese
occupation of Korea came in the form of the Sam‐Il (meaning literally
“three‐one”, referring to the first day of the third month) Movement,
which occurred on the 1st of March 1919.
The inspiration for these actions came from the “Fourteen Points” and the
right of national “self‐determination of weak nations” proclaimed by
President Woodrow Wilson at the Paris peace talks earlier that year. After
hearing news of the Wilson’s talk and realizing its consequences, Korean
students studying in Tokyo published a statement that demanded Korean
independence. When this news reached the underground movement in
Korea that had been secretly forming throughout 1918, composed of 33
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Chondo Kyo, Buddhist and Christian leaders including Son, Byong‐Hi (Eui‐
Am), it was decided that the time to act was nearing. Secret plans were
drawn up and information disseminated by word of mouth throughout the
towns and villages of Korea.
It was decided that the movement should be staged two days before the
funeral of Emperor Ko‐Jong. From a Korean point of view this funeral
brought to an end not only the Lee Dynasty but also one of the last symbols
of the Korean nation. With the death of their Emperor, Koreans realized that
any possibility of an independently ruled nation was lost, and that Korea lay
solely in the hands of the colonial Japanese. This situation provided the
necessary momentum for the Korean independence movements to mobilize
themselves.
At 2pm on the 1st of March, the 33 patriots who formed the core of the Sam‐
Il movement assembled at Pagoda Park in downtown Seoul to read the
Declaration of Independence that they had drawn up, and the crowds that
had assembled in the park to hear it formed into a procession. The leaders of
the movement signed the document and sent a copy to the Japanese
Governor General, with their compliments. They then telephoned the central
police station to inform them of their actions. As such, the
Japanese police fell upon the procession and it was soon crushed and the
leaders of the movement arrested. It is said that the crowd was fired upon by
the officers. According to reports issued by the Yon‐Hap news agency,
"…more than 6,000 demonstrators were killed and about 15,000 wounded.
Some 50,000 others were arrested by the Japanese police". According to
another report the crowd cheered the arrested men.
Coinciding with these events, special delegates associated with the
movement also read copies of the proclamation from appointed places
throughout the country at 2pm on that same day, but the nationwide
uprisings that resulted were also brutally put down by the Japanese police
and army.
As international response to the incident was virtually non‐existent, one of
the most important teachings resulting from the Sam‐Il Movement for the
nationalists was that they essentially needed to rely solely on their own
efforts. They could not expect assistance from other, foreign nations to fight
a battle that was not their own.
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It is said that the Sam‐Il Movement was one of the most extraordinary
examples of passive resistance to foreign domination that the world has
ever seen.
Yoo‐Sin
Kim, Yoo‐Sin was born in Gyeyang, Jincheon in 595 AD, became a Hwa‐Rang
warrior at just 15 and was an accomplished swordsman and a Kuk‐Son (Hwa‐
Rang leader) by the time he was 18 years old. By the age of 34 he had been
given total command of the Silla armed forces.
Yoo‐Sin felt that Paekche, Koguryo and Silla should not be separate
countries, but should instead be united because all the people had the same
ethnic background. He is regarded as the driving force in the unification of
the Korean peninsula, and is the most famous of all the generals in the
unification wars of the Three Kingdoms, but his victories were tempered by
his regret that they had to be at the expense of people he considered
to be ethnically the same as him. His first military engagement is believed to
have occurred around 629, and through it he quickly proved his capabilities
as a warrior. Silla was in a constant struggle with its neighbour to the west,
Paekche, over territory. There had been gains and losses on both sides, and
the struggle lasted for many years. It was during this period that Kim rose
through the ranks of the military, rising to the position of general and
becoming a skilled field commander.
Many stories exist about General Kim, Yoo Sin. It is told that once he was
ordered to subdue a rebel army, but his troops refused to fight as they had
seen a large shooting star fall from the sky and believed it to be a bad omen.
To regain control, the General used a large kite to carry a ball of fire into the
sky. The soldiers, seeing the “star” return to heaven, rallied and defeated the
rebels. It is also said that General Kim ingeniously used kites as a means of
communication between his troops when split between islands and the
mainland.
Another story tells that once, while Silla was allied with China against
Paekche, an argument broke out between Yoo‐Sin's commander and a
Chinese general. As the argument escalated into a potentially bloody
confrontation, Yoo‐Sin's sword was said to have leaped from its scabbard
into his hand. Because the sword of a warrior was believed to be his soul,
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this occurrence so frightened the Chinese general that he immediately
apologized to the Silla officers. Incidents such as this kept the Chinese in
awe of the Hwa‐Rang, and meant that in later years, when asked by the
Chinese emperor to attack Silla, the Chinese generals refused, claiming that
although Silla was small, it could not be defeated.
When Koguryo and Paekche attacked Silla in 655, Silla joined forces with
Tang Dynasty China to battle the invaders. Although it is not clear when Kim
first became a general, he was certainly commanding the Silla forces at this
time. Eventually, with the help of the Silla navy and some 13,000 Tang forces,
Kim attacked the Paekche capital, Puyo, in 660 in one of the most famous
battles of the 7th century. The Paekche defenders were commanded by none
other than General Ge‐Baek, although the Paekche forces consisted of about
5,000 men and were no match for Kim's warriors, which numbered about ten
times as many. Paekche, who had been experiencing internal political
problems, crumbled. Kim's Silla forces and their Tang allies now moved on
Koguryo from two directions, and in 661 they attacked the seemingly
impregnable Koguryo Kingdom but were repelled. The attack had weakened
Koguryo, though, and in 667 another offensive was launched which, in 668,
destroyed Koguryo forever. Silla still had to subdue various pockets of
resistance, but their efforts were then focused on ensuring that their Chinese
allies did not overstay their welcome on the peninsula. After some difficult
conflicts, Silla eventually forced out the Tang and united the peninsula under
their rule.
Kim was rewarded handsomely for his efforts in these campaigns. He
reportedly received a village of over 500 households, and in 669 was given
some 142 separate horse farms, spread throughout the kingdom. He died
four years later at the age of 78, leaving behind ten children.
General Kim, Yoo‐Sin lived to the age of 78 and is considered to be one of
Korea's most famous generals of all time. Following his death in 673, General
Kim was posthumously awarded the honorary title of King Heungmu, and
was buried at the foot of Mt. Songhwasan, near Kyongju on the southeast
coast of Korea, in a tomb as splendid as that of kings.
Choi‐Yong
Choi Yong was born in 1316 in Ch'orwon, Kangwon Province. His beginnings
were humble, and his lifestyle would best be described as spartan. He paid
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little heed to his own clothes and meals, and eschewed fine garments or
other comforts even when he became famous and could easily have enjoyed
them. He disliked men who desired expensive articles, and he viewed
simplicity as a virtue. His motto, inherited from his father, was “Do not be
covetous of gold”.
Such a man was well suited for military service, and Choi quickly gained the
confidence of both his men and his king during numerous battles with
Japanese pirates who began raiding the Korean coast around 1350.
At 36 years of age he became a national hero when he successfully put down
a rebellion by Cho, Il‐Shin after his insurgents had surrounded the palace and
killed many officials and Cho had proclaimed himself king. Then, in 1355, an
armed rebellion took place in the troubled Mongol Yuan Dynasty that
occupied part of China. Choi Yong was sent to help the Mongols quash the
rebellion, and his success in nearly thirty different battles won him even
more fame and favour at home. Upon returning to Korea, he dutifully
reported to King Kongmin the internal problems experienced by the dying
Yuan Dynasty, which gave the king the idea that the time was right to reclaim
some of the northern territories previously lost to the Mongols.
Choi commanded his troops well and recovered many towns west of the Yalu
River, to the great delight of his king.
He served briefly as the Mayor of Pyongyang, where his efforts at increasing
crop production and mitigating famine won him even more attention as a
national hero. Then, in 1363, he distinguished himself further when a
powerful government official named Kim, Yon‐An tried to take control of the
government and Choi was forced to defeat a 10,000‐man Mongol force that
attacked Koryo in support of the rebellion. Meanwhile, following a dream
that he thought predicted that a Buddhist monk would save his life, King
Kongmin promoted a monk named Shin Ton to a lofty position within his
court, and allowed him considerable influence. Shin Ton , though, was
ruthless and corrupt, and Choi – who vigorously opposed corruption in the
kingdom – found himself at odds with him. Shin Ton engineered false
accusations of misconduct against Choi that resulted in a punishment of six
years in exile, and brought him dangerously close to the death penalty.
When Shin Ton died, though, Choi Yong was restored to his previous position
and was immediately asked to prepare a fleet to fight the Japanese pirates
and eliminate the remaining Mongol forces on Cheju Island.
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He engaged the Mongols first, who fought tenaciously, but Choi's forces
eventually freed the island. Then, in 1376, the Japanese pirates advanced
into Koryo and captured the city of Kongju. Chong, Mong‐Chu (Po‐Eun)
secured assistance from the Japanese Shogun to eliminate these pirates, but
the Japanese were of little help and General Choi Yong and his subordinate
Yi, Sung‐Gae managed to rout and eventually defeat them and reclaim
Kongju.
The Ming Dynasty in China had become powerful during the 14th Century,
and had driven back the Mongols and occupied part of north‐eastern Koryo.
In 1388, General Yi, Sung‐Gae was ordered to use his armies to push the
Ming armies out of the Korean peninsula. Knowing of the support he enjoyed
both from high‐ranking government officials and the general populace,
however, he decided to return to the capital, Kaesong, and secure control of
the government instead of possibly destroying his army by attacking the
Chinese. When Yi returned, the loyal Choi Yong put up a gallant fight at the
palace but was overwhelmed. Records differ as to what happened next,
although it seems likely that he was banished to Koyang and later beheaded.
Choi Yong is remembered as a great general who was wholeheartedly
devoted to the protection of his country. He risked his life many times for
Koryo, and his unswerving loyalty eventually cost him his life.
Yon‐Gae
Yon‐Gae Somoon was a famous general who lived in 7th century Koguryo.
Koguryo was an aggressive and warlike nation with wide territories. It had
developed a horse‐riding culture and placed great emphasis on its military.
These circumstances led to the formation of the Koguryo “Sunbae”, an
organisation of strong warriors that served to protect and strengthen the
state and its centralised authoritarian ruling system. Both Yon‐Gae Somoon
and his son Namsang were known to have been members of the Sunbae.
In 612, Sui China had attempted to invade Koguryo, and would have done so
if it had not been for the efforts of the great General Ul‐Ji Moon Dok. The Sui
Dynasty in China was overthrown by the Tang Dynasty in 618, and the new
regime held greedy expansionist ambitions. When Emperor Taizong took
over the Tang throne in 627 he dispatched troops to northern Koguryo to
dismantle Koguryo monuments at the sites of Sui Dynasty soldiers' mass
graves.
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In 642, General Yon‐Gae Somoon seized power from King Jianwu, and over
the next few years the Chinese attacks grew more and more successful so
that by 645 they had conquered a number of fortresses and towns, including
Liaodong, the main base on the frontline. Taizong was serious enough about
his conquest to have had 500 ships built to support it. In 645, though, the
Tang offensive reached the fortress at Ansi.
At the fortress the army and general population of Koguryo, led by Yon‐Gae,
made a great stand and fiercely confronted the invading Tang, managing to
resist the concentrated attack for 60 days. They fought valiantly, injuring
Emperor Taizong himself, and the combination of their valour and the
inclement winter forced the Chinese to retreat.
Taizong continued his campaign against Koguryo for two years, but was
unable to deal the killer blow and, in 647, he withdrew. His death in 649 and
the subsequent confusion in the Tang Dyasty allowed Yon‐Gae to consolidate
his forces and retake much of the territory conquered by the Tang.
After the death of Yon‐Gae Somoon in 654, bitter dissent gradually began to
arise amongst the leading Koguryo generals. When Silla and Tang came to
learn of this internal turmoil, they took advantage and attacked Koguryo.
After resisting the attack for a year, Pyongyang fell and the Kingdom grew
weaker and weaker, until it was eventually destroyed in 668.
Ul‐Ji
It is not known exactly when or where this great man was born, and
unfortunately it is also not known exactly when he died. The best that can be
said is that he was born in the mid‐6th century and died in the early 7th
century, sometime after 618.
He was born and raised in the kingdom of Koguryo, in a turbulent era of
Korean history. It was a powerful and warlike kingdom, constantly warring
with its neighbours, Silla to the southeast and Paekche to the southwest. The
balance of power was roughly equal between the three kingdoms, however,
and it took the injection of an outside influence to tip the balance. This
influence was supplied by the kingdoms’ much larger western neighbor,
China. In 589 China had been united under the Sui Dynasty, and this new
dynasty, hungry for power, would be the deciding factor in the struggles
between Paekche, Koguryo and Silla. This was the background for Ul‐Ji Moon
Dok as he grew up.
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He was an educated man, and eventually became a Minister of Koguryo, with
skills in both the political and military sciences. He was called upon to render
service as a military leader, however, when the very existance of the
kingdom became threatened by alliances between its rival neighbors.
The Sui Dynasty was suspicious of Koguryo and saw its aggressive ways as
threatening, so in 612 Sui Emperor Yang Je decided to subdue this dangerous
neighbour and prepared to attack. He mustered an army of over one million
men and personally led them against Koguryo. They quickly overran Koguryo
outposts, camped on the banks of the Liao River and prepared to bridge it.
General Ul‐Ji Moon Dok was called upon to assist in the defence of the
nation, and so he prepared to meet the superior Sui forces with a strategy of
false retreat, deception and attack.
After the Sui forces crossed the Liao River, a small contingent was sent to
attack the Koguryo city of Liaotung, but General Ul‐Ji sent his forces to meet
them there and drove them out. As the rainy season progressed, the Sui
forces tried other probing attacks, but these were not really of any
significance, as they were mainly biding their time until the rainy season
passed.
When the rains stopped, Yang Je moved his forces to the banks of the Yalu
River in northwestern Korea and prepared for a major assault. General Ul‐Ji
visited the Chinese camp under the pretense of surrender in an attempt to
discover any Sui weaknesses. Emperor Yang Je listened to General Ul‐Ji and
allowed him to leave the camp, but shortly after changed his mind and set
out after him. But it was too late – the general had discovered what he
needed to defeat the force. He had learned that the Sui forces were short of
provisions and had overstretched their supply lines, and so he decided to
pursue a strategy of gradual retreat, hoping to lure his enemy deeper and
deeper into hostile territory. He drew the Sui on, fighting a kind of guerrilla
warfare, picking when and where he fought and allowing the Sui forces to
feel as though victory was close at hand, all the while luring them deeper
into his trap.
A Sui advance force of over 300,000 men was sent to take the city of
Pyongyang. General Ul‐Ji continued to lure them closer and closer to the city,
but led them to a strategic point where he could strike. His forces attacked
from all sides, driving the Sui troops back in utter confusion. His troops
pursued the retreating army, slaughtering them almost at will, so that it is
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said that only 2,700 troops successfully made it back to the main body of
forces. This was the great battle of Salsu, and it has come to be known as one
of the most glorious military triumphs in Korea's history. Following this
defeat, winter began to set in and the Sui forces, short on provisions, were
forced to return home.
The Sui Dynasty was beginning to disintegrate and Yang Je decided that he
urgently needed to expand his empire in order to regain power, but the two
more desperate attacks on Koguryo by Yang Je following spring met with
similar disaster, and eventually internal rebellion in China forced the Sui to
give up its desires on Koguryo. By 618, the relatively short‐lived Sui Dynasty
was replaced by the Tang Dynasty. General Ul‐Ji Moon Dok's strategy and
leadership had saved Koguryo from the Chinese.
Probably the most distinguished military leader of the Koguryo period and
one of the most well‐known generals in Korean history, General Ul‐Ji Moon
Dok's leadership and tactical acumen was the decisive factor in saving
Koguryo from destruction at the hands of the invading Chinese. He faced
forces of far superior numbers and not only turned them back but was able
to pursue and destroy them with such vigor that they were not able nor
inclined to return. His life was filled with enough spectacular success to earn
him a permanent place among Korea's most remembered. He is still
celebrated as a great Korean hero, and a main street in downtown Seoul,
Ulji‐ro, is named after him.
Moon‐Moo
Moon‐Moo was born Prince Bubmin, and was the son of King Mu‐Yal, 29th
king of the Silla Dynasty. He took the name Moon‐Moo when he succeeded
his father to the throne in 661.
He ascended to the Silla throne in the midst of the long conflict against
Paekche and Koguryo, shortly after General Ge‐Baek and Paekche had been
defeated at Puyo by General Kim, Yoo‐Sin. The first years of his reign were
spent trying to defeat Koguryo, following an abortive attempt in 661. Finally,
in 667, he ordered another attack which led, in 668, to the defeat of
Koguryo. After the small isolated pockets of resistance were eliminated, King
Moon‐Moo was the first ruler ever to look upon the Korean peninsula and
see it completely unified.
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King Moon‐Moo ruled over unified Silla for 20 years, until he fell ill in 681. On
his deathbed, he left his last will and testament, and abdicated to his son,
Prince Sin‐Moon. Before he died he said
“A country should not be without a king at any time. Let the Prince have my
crown before he has my coffin. Cremate my remains and scatter the ashes in
the sea where the whales live. I will become a dragon and thwart the
Japanese invasion.”
King Sin‐Moon did as his father asked and scattered his ashes over
Daewangam (the Rock of the Great King), a small rocky islet a hundred
metres or so off the Korean coast. Moreover, King Sin‐Moon built the Gomun
Temple (the Temple of Appreciated Blessing) and dedicated it to his father,
he built a waterway for the sea dragon to come to and from the sea and
land, and he built a pavilion, Eegun, overlooking the islet so that future kings
could pay their respects to the great King Moon‐Moo.
In a dream, King Moon‐Moo and the famous general Kim, Yoo‐Sin appeared
to King Sin‐Moon and told him that blowing on a bamboo flute would calm
the heavens and the earth. King Sin‐Moon awoke from the dream, rode out
to the sea and received the bamboo flute Monposikjuk. It was said that the
blowing of the bamboo flute invoked the spirits of King Moon‐Moo and
General Kim, Yoo‐Sin and would push back enemy troops, cure illnesses,
bring rain during drought and halt the rains in floods.
So‐San
Little is known of the early life of Choi, Hyong Ung, other than that he was
born in 1520 and that he became a monk. As was common for monks in this
time, he travelled from place to place, living in a succession of monasteries.
Buddhist monks had been forced to keep a low profile since the end of the
Koryo period, as General Yi, Sung‐Gae had been forced to eject Buddhism
from its state of total permeation of government, in order to gain the
support of Neo‐Confucian scholar‐officials to consolidate his position against
his Buddhist political opponents when he overthrew King Gongyang in 1392.
This was the beginning of the suppression of Buddhism, which came into full
flower during the succeeding Lee Dynasty.
Before ever having tested his hand as a military commander, So‐San was a
first‐rate Seon (Korean Buddhism) master and the author of a number of
important religious texts, the most important of which is probably his “Seon
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gugam”, a guide to Seon practice which is studied by Korean monks even
today. Like most monks of the Lee Dynasty, So‐San had been initially
educated in Neo‐Confucian philosophy. Dissatisfied, though, he wandered
through the mountain monasteries. Later, after making a name for himself as
a teacher, he was made arbiter of the Seon school by queen Munjeong, who
was sympathetic towards Buddhism. He soon resigned from this
responsibility, returning to the itinerant life, advancing his Seon studies and
teaching at monasteries all around Korea.
The mountains where the monasteries were located were dangerous, and so
the monks had to learn to defend themselves. So‐San recognised that the
development of armour made striking and kicking much less effective, but he
also noticed that wherever the armour bends, so does the body. He saw that
by manipulation of these joints one could defeat an armoured opponent on
the battlefield. He also applied this same principle to the use of a rope or belt
as a weapon, which he discovered can be wrapped around the body of your
attacker, trapping weapons and, when necessary, breaking joints as it wraps.
It was used by So‐San and the soldiers he trained to immobilise, carry and
even kill their opponents. Wrapped around the mouth and nose the rope
would prevent the opponent from breathing, bringing about
unconsciousness and allowing them to be taken as a prisoner. Many of these
techniques were adopted and developed to give birth to the modern art of
Hapkido.
At the beginning of the 1590s, Japanese Shogun Toyotomi Hideyoshi, after
stabilising Japan during this era of warring nations, made preparations for a
large scale invasion of Korea. Korea was unaware of the situation in Japan,
however, and was unprepared for the Japanese aggression. In 1592, after
rebuffing Japan’s request for aid in conquering China, approximately 200,000
Japanese soldiers invaded Korea, and the Waeran (Japanese War) began. At
the beginning of the invasion, King Sonjo fled the capital, leaving a weak,
poorly‐trained army to defend the country. In desperation he called on
Master So‐San to organise monks into guerilla units. Even at 73 years of age
he managed to recruit and deploy some 5,000 of these warrior monks, who
enjoyed some instrumental successes.
At first, the Korean armies suffered repeated defeats, and the Japanese
marched north up to Pyongyang and the Hamgyong provinces. At sea,
however, the Korean navy, under the command of Admiral Yi, Soon‐Sin,
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
enjoyed successive victories. Throughout the country, loyal volunteer armies
formed and fought against the Japanese together with the warrior monks
and the government armies of Korea.
The presence of So‐San’s monks' army, operating out of the Heungguksa
temple deep in Mt. Yeongchwisan, was a critical factor in the eventual
expulsion of the Japanese invaders in 1593 and again in 1598.
So‐San died in 1604 leaving behind some 1,000 disciples, 70 of whom were
monks and nuns, and many of whom held a prominent role in the later
transmission of Korean Buddhism. One of the most important reasons for the
restoration of Buddhism to a position of minimal acceptance in Lee Dynasty
Korea was the role of So‐San’s monks in repelling the Japanese invasion. So‐
San is also known for his efforts in the continuation of the project of the
unification of Buddhist doctrinal study and practice, and in his works strong
influence can be seen from Won‐Hyo. He is considered the central figure in
the revival of Korean Buddhism, and most major streams of modern Korean
Seon trace their lineages back to him through one of his four main disciples,
all four of whom were lieutenants of his during the war with Japan.
Se‐Jong
Se‐Jong was born Yi Do on the 15th of May 1397, the third son of Prince
Chong‐An and a grandson of Taejo (Yi, Sung‐Gae), who started the Lee
Dynasty in 1392. He was born near the royal palace in the capital Hanyang
(now Seoul).
Yi Do’s older brother was in line to become king, which suited him, as the
young Yi Do was apparently not concerned with becoming king. He was
instead interested from an early age in learning and spent most of his time
reading books, although at the age of just 12 he found the time to marry Sim
On, a young girl two years older than himself.
Prince Chong‐An ascended to the throne in 1400 and took the name Taejong.
He watched his young son grow in wisdom as he continued his studies, and
by the time Yi Do was 22 years old King Taejong decided to make him Crown
Prince and successor to the throne over his older brother. Soon afterward,
his father decided to abdicate in favour of his son. Many in the king's court
(including Yi Do himself) protested that the young man was not yet ready to
shoulder such responsibility, but the king insisted and so in 1418 Yi Do
became king and took the name Se‐Jong.
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
King Se‐Jong believed that good government could only come when a king
recognised and trained talented men and installed them into influential
governmental positions to administrate the various branches of government.
To this end he established the Chipyonjon (Jade Hall of Scholars), an
amalgamation of the Hall of Art and the Hall of Literature that he made sure
included an extensive library. King Se‐Jong then chose twenty of his most
able scholars and made them Masters of Learning, a position that freed them
to devote themselves full time to advanced learning. He also set up a system
that encouraged local governors throughout the country to report to the
king any individuals who distinguished themselves. These individuals were
then given the chance to become government officials, or other positions
according to their talents.
One of King Se‐Jong's goals – the one for which he is most famous – was to
make his people more educated by making it easier for them to become
literate. At that time the Koreans used the Chinese script to document their
spoken language, but Chinese writing consisted of thousands of individual
characters that takes significant effort to master. King Se‐Jong recognised
that this was a barrier to learning, and threw his efforts into developing a
system of writing that was simple and effective, and by 1443 he had
completed the Hangul alphabet. He was so concerned with its perfection
that he kept it for another three years so that he could test and modify it
until he was satisfied. There was much resistance to the language, when it
was first unveiled, from scholars who thought it would, among other things,
limit the scholarly study of the Chinese classics. The king insisted, however,
and ordered many of his scholars to begin translating classic books and
Buddhist scriptures into Hangul. This greatly increased the ability of the
layperson to become educated. In addition, he ordered that books be
written that would be of help to the common man, such as the Farmers’
Handbook, which provided guidance on farming methods and techniques to
increase production. He also ordered more technical books to be written,
such as a complete medical dictionary, and an 85‐volume pharmaceutical
encyclopaedia that contained medical therapies, acupuncture techniques
and herbal prescriptions to treat 959 different diseases.
King Se‐Jong also had some impressive political achievements. It was during
his reign he was able finally to subjugate the Japanese pirates who had been
raiding the Korean coastline for so many years. He extended the territory of
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Taekwon‐Do Patterns
Korea as far north as the Yalu River, and, domestically, he tried to control
corruption and raise the moral standards of the entire country.
Towards the end of his life, King Se‐Jong tragically (and somewhat ironically)
became afflicted by a paralysis that prevented him from speaking more than
a few words at a time. He later developed a cancer and died in 1450 at the
age of 52, after nearly 30 years on the throne.
He is proudly remembered as a king who was concerned for his people and
fully committed to their intellectual advancement. Today, the main
thoroughfare running north to south in front of Kyongbok Palace in Seoul
bears his name. In addition, two holidays are related to him: Hangul Day (9
October) and King Se‐Jong Day (15 May).
Tong‐Il
After Japan occupied Korea in 1910, the country remained part of the
Japanese Empire until 1945. Following Japan's surrender at the end of World
War II, Korea was liberated from the Japanese. As it was liberated by both
Soviet and US forces, the responsibility for overseeing the rebuilding and
rehabilitation of Korea was divided between the two sides, and the country
was divided along the 38th parallel. The USSR occupied Korea north of this
line, the USA occupied the south.
Under the auspices of the UN, a democratic government established the
Republic of Korea (South Korea) in 1948, with its capital in Seoul. The Soviets
established the communist Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North
Korea) with its capital in Pyongyang. The peninsula remains divided in this
way to this day.
Korea has not been truly free since Japan started to encroach in 1876, and
has been divided since 1945, not just in terms of being two separate states ‐
the ideologies and politics of the two countries are also vastly different.
It was the dream of General Choi, Hong Hi to see a unified Korea.
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Meaning of Belt Colours
White:
White signifies innocence, as that of a beginning student who has no
previous knowledge of Taekwon‐Do.
Yellow:
Yellow signifies the Earth from which a plant sprouts and takes root as
Taekwon‐Do foundation is being laid.
Green:
Green signifies the growth as the Taekwon‐Do skills begins to develop like
the green of a young plant.
Blue:
Blue signifies the Heaven, towards which the plant matures into a towering
tree as training in Taekwon‐Do progresses.
Red:
Red signifies danger, cautioning the student to exercise control and warning
the opponent to stay away.
Black:
Black is the opposite of white, therefore, signifying the maturity and
proficiency in Taekwon‐Do. It also indicates the wearer's imperviousness to
darkness and fear.
153
Index:
24 movements 1
25th pattern 41
9 shape block 29
Alternate palm downward block 32
an palmok yop makgi 27
an palmok 27
Angle fingertip thrust 20
Angle punch 15
annun sogi 7
anuro 25
ap joomuk jirugi 13
ap palkup taerigi 19
apcha busigi 21
apkumchi 21
Arc hand block 33
Arc‐hand 19
Back elbow thrust 20
Back hand 18
Back piercing kick ‐ hand positions 36
Back piercing kick 23
Backfist front strike 17
Backfist side back strike 18
Backfist side strike 17
Backfist strike 17
balkal 22
balli 8
bandae dollyo chagi 24
bandae dollyo gorochagi 24
bandal chagi 34
bandal jirugi 15
bandal son bandal taerigi 19
Belt colours 153
Bending ready stance in a pattern 7
bituro chagi 23
Black belt – meaning 153
Blocks using both forearms 28
Blocks using both knife‐hands 30
Blocks with feet 33
Blocks with fists 31
Blocks with forearm 26
Blocks with hands 25
Blocks with knife‐hand 29
Blocks with palms 31
Blocks with reverse knife‐hand 30
Blue belt – meaning 153
Body dropping 11
Bow wrist 33
chagi 21
Checking block with twin straight forearm 29
Checking block with X‐fist 31
Checking block with X‐knife‐hand 30
Checking block 29
Checking kick 34
Choi‐Yong – explanation 142
Choi‐Yong – meaning 42
Choi‐Yong 88
chonchonhi 8
Chon‐Ji – explanation 115
Chon‐Ji – meaning 39
Chon‐Ji 46
chookyo makgi 27
Choong‐Jang – explanation 138
Choong‐Jang – meaning 41
Choong‐Jang 73
Choong‐Moo – explanation 129
Choong‐Moo – meaning 40
Choong‐Moo 60
Circular block with knife‐hand 30
Circular block with reverse knife‐hand 30
Circular block 28
Circular motion 11
Close ready stance 5
Close stance in a pattern 7
Connecting motion 9
Consecutive kicks ‐ hand positions 38
Consecutive motion 9
Continuous motion 9
Crescent kick 34
Crescent punch with twin fore‐knuckle fist 15
Crescent punch 15
Crescent strike with arc‐hand 19
Cross‐cut with flat fingertip 19
daebi makgi 25
Dale Cope – meaning 42
Dale Cope – note 42
Dale Cope 91
Dan‐Gun – explanation 115
Dan‐Gun – meaning 39
Dan‐Gun 47
Diagonal stance 7
digutja japgi 33
digutja jirugi 15
digutja makgi 33
Direction of first movement 6
Direction of last foot movement 38
Dodging 10
dollimyo makgi 29
dollyo chagi 24
dollyo jirugi 15
doo bandal son makgi 33
doo joomuk 15
doo palmok makgi 28
doo songarak tulgi 20
doro chagi 34
Do‐San – explanation 116
Do‐San – meaning 39
Do‐San 48
Double arc hand block 33
Double finger thrust 20
Double fist punch 14
Double forearm blocks 28
Downward block with alternate palm 32
Downward block with X‐fist 31
Downward block 27
Downward kick 23
Downward knife‐hand strike 16
Downward punch 14
Downward strike with back hand 18
Downward strike with side fist 18
Downward thrust with straight elbow 21
dung joomuk ap taerigi 17
dung joomuk soopyong taerigi 17
dung joomuk yobap taerigi 17
dung joomuk yop taerigi 17
dung joomuk yopdwi taerigi 18
duro makgi 33
dwijibo jirugi 14
dwijibun sonkut tulgi 20
dwit bal sogi 7
dwit palkup tulgi 20
dwitcha jirugi 23
dwitchook 23
Elbow strike 19
Elbow thrusts 20
Eui‐Am – explanation 136
Eui‐Am – meaning 41
Eui‐Am 70
eukhallin sonbadak naeryo makgi 32
Explanation of pattern names 115
Fast motion 8
Fingertip thrusts 19
Finishing on the starting point 113
First movement direction 6
Fixed stance 7
Flat fingertip cross‐cut 19
Flat fingertip thrust 19
Flying front snap kick 22
Flying side piercing kick 23
Flying 9
Flynn, Mr Brent 42
Foot attacks 21
Foot shifting 11
Forearm blocks 26
Forearm guarding block 25
Forefist punch 13
Fore‐knuckle fist 15
Front block with outer forearm 27
Front snap kick with the knee ‐ hand positions 37
Front snap kicks – hand positions 37
Front snap kicks ‐ height 21
Fundamental movements 44
Ge‐Baek – explanation 135
Ge‐Baek – meaning 40
Ge‐Baek 67
Getting back to the starting point 113
ghin joomuk jirugi 16
ghutgi 19
giokja jirugi 15
gojung sogi 7
gokaeng‐i chagi 23
golcho chagi 33
Grabbing opponent’s head 33
Green belt – meaning 153
Guarding block 25
guburyo junbi sogi 7
gunnun sogi 7
gutja makgi 29
Hand attacks 13
Hand movements and positions 34
Hand positions while kicking 36
hechyo makgi 28
High punch from on the ground 14
High punch 13
Hints for getting back to starting point 113
homi sonkut tulgi 20
Hooking block 31
Hooking kick 33
hori makgi 28
Horizontal block with twin palm 32
Horizontal punch 15
Horizontal strike with back fist 17
Horizontal strike with back hand 18
Horizontal strike with twin knife‐hand 17
Horizontal thrust with twin elbow 21
hosin sul 38
Hwa‐Rang – explanation 127
Hwa‐Rang – meaning 40
Hwa‐Rang 58
Inner forearm blocks 27
Inner forearm circular block 28
Inward block with palm 33
Inward knife‐hand strike 16
Inward strike with twin knife‐hand 17
iojin tongjak 9
jajun bal 11
jirugi 13
Joong‐Gun – explanation 123
Joong‐Gun – meaning 39
Joong‐Gun 54
joongji joomuk 15
Juche – meaning 41
Juche – explanation 139
Juche 76
Jumping with a spin 10
Jumping 9
kaunde 13
Kicks 21
Knee front snap kick ‐ hand positions 37
Knee front snap kick 22
Knife‐hand block 29
Knife‐hand circular block 30
Knife‐hand guarding block 25
Knife‐hand strike 16
Ko‐Dang – meaning 41
Ko‐Dang – note 41
Ko‐Dang – note 79
Ko‐Dang 79
Kwang‐Gae – explanation 133
Kwang‐Gae – meaning 40
Kwang‐Gae 62
kyocha joomuk chookyo makgi 31
kyocha joomuk naeryo makgi 31
kyocha joomuk noollo makgi 31
kyocha joomuk 31
kyocha sogi 7
kyocha sonkal momchau makgi 30
kyocha sonkal 30
Last foot movement 38
Long fist punch 15
Low punch with double fist 14
Low punch 14
Low stance 7
L‐stance 7
Meaning of Belt colours 153
Meaning of Pattern names 39
Mid‐air kick 23
Middle knuckle fist punch 15
Middle knuckle fist 15
Middle punch 13
mikulgi 10
miro makgi 28
mit joomuk 18
moa junbi sogi 5
moa sogi 7
mom nachugi 11
momchau makgi 29
Moon‐Moo – explanation 147
Moon‐Moo – meaning 43
Moon‐Moo 100
moorup apcha busigi 22
moorup 22
moosa junbi sogi 6
Motion 8
nachuo sogi 7
naeryo chagi 23
naeryo makgi 31
naeryo 14
najunde 15
narani junbi sogi 5
narani makgi 28
narani so hanulson 6
narani so kyocha sondung 6
narani so sang yop palkup 6
Nine shape block 28
niunja sogi 7
noollo chagi 34
noollo makgi 31
nopunde 13
Number of movements 2
ollyo chagi 22
ollyo 14
One‐leg stance 7
Open fist punch 15
Open fist punch 15
opun sonkut tulgi 19
Other movements or positions 34
Outer forearm blocks 26
Overlapped back hand 6
pakat palmok 26
Palm hooking block 31
Palm pressing block 32
Palm pushing block 32
Palm scooping block 33
Palm upward block 32
palmok daebi makgi 25
palmok makgi 26
Parallel block 28
Parallel ready stance 5
Parallel stance in a pattern 7
Parallel stance with an X‐backhand 6
Parallel stance with heaven hand 6
Parallel stance with twin side elbow 6
Pattern diagrams 2
Pattern names 39
Patterns 46
Pick‐shape kick 23
pihagi 10
pihamyo 24
Po‐Eun – explanation 134
Po‐Eun – meaning 40
Po‐Eun 65
pogaen sondung 6
Points to consider for all patterns 1
Pressing block with fore‐fist 31
Pressing block with twin palm 32
Pressing block with X‐fist 31
Pressing block 31
Pressing kick 34
Pulling the foot 11
Punch while flying 14
Punches with other parts of the hand 15
Punches 13
Pushing block 28
Pushing kick 34
pyon joomuk jirugi 15
Ready stances 5
Rear foot stance 7
Reasons for 24 Patterns 1
Red belt – meaning 153
Releases 38
Returning to the starting point 113
Reverse hooking kick 24
Reverse knife‐hand blocks 30
Reverse knife‐hand circular block 30
Reverse knife‐hand guarding block 26
Reverse knife‐hand strike 17
Reverse turning kick 24
Rising block with twin palm 32
Rising block with X‐fist 31
Rising block with X‐knife‐hand 30
Rising block 27
Saju Jirugi 44
Saju Makgi 45
Sam‐Il – explanation 139
Sam‐Il – meaning 42
Sam‐Il 82
san makgi 28
sang inji joomuk 15
sang joomuk 14
sang palmok makgi 28
sang sonbadak noollo makgi 32
sang sonbadak ollyo makgi 32
sang sonkal anuro taerigi 17
sang sonkal makgi 30
sang sonkal soopyong taerigi 17
sang yop palkup tulgi 20
sangbang chagi 24
sasun sogi 7
Scooping block 33
Se ‐Jong 108
Se‐Jong – explanation 150
Se‐Jong – meaning 43
Self Defence 38
sewo chagi 24
sewo jirugi 14
Shifting 10
Side elbow thrust 20
Side fist 18
Side front block with inner forearm 27
Side front snap kick 21
Side front strike with back fist 17
Side piercing kick ‐ hand positions 37
Side piercing kick 22
Sitting stance 7
Skipping motion 11
Sliding motion 10
Slipping the foot 11
Slow motion 8
sonbadak golcho makgi 31
sonbadak miro makgi 32
sonbadak noollo makgi 32
sonbadak ollyo makgi 32
sonbadak 31
sondung 18
sonkal anuro taerigi 16
sonkal daebi makgi 25
sonkal dung daebi makgi 26
sonkal dung nopunde ap taerigi 17
sonkal dung yop makgi 30
sonkal dung 30
sonkal makgi 29
sonkal naeryo taerigi 16
sonkal taerigi 16
sonmok dung 33
soojik sogi 7
soopyong jirugi 15
So‐San – explanation 148
So‐San – meaning 43
So‐San 104
Stamping motion 9
Stances 7
Stepping 11
Straight fingertip thrust 19
Strike with under fist 18
Strikes – knife‐hand 16
Strikes with arc hand 19
Strikes with back fist 17
Strikes with other parts of the hand 18
Strikes 16
sun palkup naeryo tulgi 21
sun sonkut tulgi 19
suroh chagi 24
Sweeping kick ‐ hand positions 38
Sweeping kick 24
taerigi 16
Thrusting kick 25
Thrusts with fingers 19
Thrusts 19
Toi‐Gye – explanation 126
Toi‐Gye – meaning 40
Toi‐Gye 56
Tong‐Il – explanation 152
Tong‐Il – meaning 43
Tong‐Il 110
Tul 46
tulgi 19
tulumyo chagi 25
Turning kick ‐ hand positions 36
Turning kick 24
Turning punch 15
twigi 9
twimyo 9
Twin forearm block 28
Twin fore‐knuckle fist 15
Twin knife‐hand block 30
Twin knife‐hand inward strike 17
Twin palm upward block 32
Twin side elbow thrust 21
twio dolmyo chagi 23
Twisting kick 23
Two blocks at once 12
Two kicks at once 13
Two movements listed as one 11
Two‐direction kick 24
Ul‐Ji – explanation 145
Ul‐Ji – meaning 43
Ul‐Ji 97
Under fist 18
Upset fingertip thrust 20
Upset punch while flying 14
Upset punch with middle knuckle fist 15
Upset punch 14
Upward block with bow wrist 33
Upward block 32
Upward kick with knee 22
Upward kick with the knee ‐ hand positions 37
Upward punch 14
U‐shape block 33
U‐shape grasp 33
U‐shape punch 15
Vertical kick 24
Vertical punch 14
Vertical stance 7
waebal sogi 7
Waist block 28
Walking ready stance 7
Walking stance 7
Warrior ready stance 6
Waving kick 34
Wedging block with knife‐hand 31
Wedging block with reverse knife‐hand 31
Wedging blocks 28
White belt – meaning 153
wi palkup taerigi 19
Won‐Hyo – explanation 119
Won‐Hyo – meaning 39
Won‐Hyo 50
W‐shape block with knife‐hand 30
W‐shape block with reverse knife‐hand 31
W‐shape block 28
X‐fist 31
X‐knife‐hand checking block 30
X‐knife‐hand 30
X‐stance 7
Yellow belt – meaning 153
yon gyol tongjak 9
Yon‐Gae – explanation 144
Yon‐Gae – meaning 42
Yon‐Gae 94
yonsok chagi 38
yonsok 9
Yoo‐Sin – explanation 141
Yoo‐Sin – meaning 42
Yoo‐Sin 84
yop bal badak 24
yop joomuk 18
yop palkup tulgi 20
yopcha jirugi 22
Yul‐Gok – explanation 122
Yul‐Gok – meaning 39
Yul‐Gok 52