Scribd
Upload
139 views2 pages

Exam Solution: Zsin ( )

This document provides solutions to 5 integration problems: 1) It evaluates the line integral ∫01+i (x − y + ix2)dz along two paths - a straight line from 0 to 1+i, and along the real axis from 0 to 1 and then parallel to the imaginary axis from 1 to 1+i. 2) It shows that the contour integral ∮sec z dz around the unit circle |z| = 1 is 0 since there are no singularities inside the contour. 3) It uses the residue theorem to evaluate the contour integral ∮(z-π)3 dz around a circle of radius 1 centered at π. 4) It evaluates the

Uploaded by

uipohlklgf
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
139 views2 pages

Exam Solution: Zsin ( )

This document provides solutions to 5 integration problems: 1) It evaluates the line integral ∫01+i (x − y + ix2)dz along two paths - a straight line from 0 to 1+i, and along the real axis from 0 to 1 and then parallel to the imaginary axis from 1 to 1+i. 2) It shows that the contour integral ∮sec z dz around the unit circle |z| = 1 is 0 since there are no singularities inside the contour. 3) It uses the residue theorem to evaluate the contour integral ∮(z-π)3 dz around a circle of radius 1 centered at π. 4) It evaluates the

Uploaded by

uipohlklgf
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Exam Solution 𝑐1

1+𝑖
𝑐3
Question 1: ∫0 (𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑖𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑧.
Solution: 𝑐2
(a) Along the straight line from 𝑧 = 0 to 𝑧 = 1 + 𝑖 (𝑐1 ):

The equation of the straight line 𝑐1 is 𝑦 = 𝑥. Thus,


𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑖 = 𝑥(𝑖 + 1) ⇒ 𝑑𝑧 = (1 + 𝑖) 𝑑𝑥 , 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1.
Hence,
1+𝑖 1
∫0 (𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑖𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑧 = ∫0 (𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑥 2 )(1 + 𝑖) 𝑑𝑥
1
= ∫0 (𝑖𝑥 2 )(1 + 𝑖) 𝑑𝑥
1
1 𝑥3 (𝑖−1)
= 𝑖(1 + 𝑖) ∫0 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑖(1 + 𝑖) [ 3 ] =
0 3

(b) Along the real axis from 0 to 𝑧 = 1 (𝑐2 ) and then along the line parallel to the imaginary
axis from 𝑧 = 1 to 𝑧 = 1 + 𝑖 (𝑐3 ):

For the straight line 𝑐2 , 𝑦 = 0. Thus,


𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 = 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑑𝑧 = 𝑑𝑥 , 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1.
For the straight line 𝑐3 , 𝑥 = 1. Thus,
𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 = 1 + 𝑖𝑦 ⇒ 𝑑𝑧 = 𝑖𝑑𝑦 , 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 1.
Hence,
1+𝑖
∫0 (𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑖𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑧 = ∫𝑐 (𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑖𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑧 + ∫𝑐 (𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑖𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑧
2 3
1 2) 1
= ∫0 (𝑥 − 0 + 𝑖𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫0 (1 − 𝑦 + 𝑖) 𝑖𝑑𝑦
1 2 𝑖 1 1 1
= [2 𝑥 + 3 𝑥 3 ] + 𝑖 [(1 + 𝑖)𝑦 − 2 𝑦 2 ]
0 0
1 𝑖 1 1 𝑖 𝑖 1 5
= 2 + 3 + 𝑖 (1 + 𝑖 − 2) = 2 + 3 + 𝑖 − 1 − 2 = − 2 + 6 𝑖

Question 2: ∮ sec 𝑧 𝑑𝑧, 𝐶 = |𝑧| = 1.


Solution:
1 𝜋 3𝜋
∮ sec 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 = ∮ cos 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 is not analytic at the points 𝑧 = ± 2 , ± 2
, … , but all these points
lies outside the unit circle |𝑧| = 1. Hence, ∮ sec 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 = 𝟎.
z sin 𝑧
Question 3: ∮ (𝑧−𝜋)3 𝑑𝑧.

Solution:
1 𝑑2 1 𝑑 1
𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑧=𝜋 𝑓(𝑧) = 2! lim 𝑑𝑧 2 [z sin 𝑧] = 2 lim 𝑑𝑧 [sin 𝑧 + 𝑧 cos 𝑧] = 2 lim [2 cos 𝑧 − 𝑧 sin 𝑧]
z→𝜋 z→𝜋 z→𝜋
1 𝜋
= 2 [0 − 𝜋] = − 2
z sin 𝑧 𝜋
∮ (𝑧−𝜋)3 𝑑𝑧 = 2𝜋𝑖 ∗ − 2 = −𝜋 2 𝑖

Question 4: ∫ 𝑒 2𝑥 cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Solution:

Because cos 3𝑥 = 𝑅𝑒(𝑒 𝑖3𝑥 ), then

∫ 𝑒 2𝑥 cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑅𝑒(∫ 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑒 3𝑖𝑥 𝑑𝑥)


= 𝑅𝑒(∫ 𝑒 2𝑥+3𝑖𝑥 𝑑𝑥)
= 𝑅𝑒(∫ 𝑒 (2+3𝑖)𝑥 𝑑𝑥)
1
= 𝑅𝑒 (2+3𝑖 𝑒 (2+3𝑖)𝑥 ) + 𝑐
2−3𝑖
= 𝑅𝑒 ( 4+9 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑒 3𝑖𝑥 ) + 𝑐 , conjugate
𝑒 2𝑥
= 𝑅𝑒((2 − 3𝑖)(cos 3𝑥 + 𝑖 sin 3𝑥)) + 𝑐
13
𝑒 2𝑥
= (2 cos 3𝑥 + 3 sin 3𝑥) + 𝑐
13
∞ 𝑑𝑥
Question 5: ∫−∞ (𝑥2 +1)2 .

Solution:
1
Solution: Consider a rational function of a complex variable . Then we take the closed
(𝑧 2 +1)2
path 𝐶 consisting of the segment [−𝑅, 𝑅] of the 𝑥-axis and the semi-circle 𝐶𝑅 with the radius 𝑅 in
the upper half plane as shown: 𝒚

(𝑧 2 + 1)2 = 0 ⇒ (𝑧 − 𝑖)2 (𝑧 + 𝑖)2 = 0 𝑪𝑹


⇒ 𝑧 = 𝑖 (inside the contour), 𝑧 = −𝑖 (outside the contour)

𝒙
−𝑹 𝑹

𝑹→∞
1 𝑑 1 −2(𝑧 + 𝑖) −2 2 −i
𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑧=𝑖 𝑓(𝑧) = lim [ ] = lim [ ] = lim [ ]=− 3=
1! z→𝑖 𝑑𝑧 (𝑧 + 𝑖) 2 z→𝑖 (𝑧 + 𝑖) 4 z→𝑖 (𝑧 + 𝑖) 3 8𝑖 4

𝑅 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑧 𝑖 𝜋
∫−𝑅 1+𝑥 4 + ∫𝐶 = 2𝜋𝑖 ∑𝒏𝒊=𝟏 𝑹𝒊 = 2𝜋𝑖 (− 4) =
𝑅 1+𝑧 4 2

𝑑𝑧 𝑅 𝑅𝑖𝑒 𝑖𝜃 𝑑𝜃 ∞ 𝑑𝑥 𝜋
Since 𝑧 = 𝑅𝑒 𝑖𝜃 ⇒ ∫𝐶 = lim ∫0 → 0, then ∫−∞ 1+𝑥 4 =
𝑅 1+𝑧 4 𝑅→∞ 1+𝑅 4 𝑒 4𝑖𝜃 2

2|Page

You might also like